Reimerstewart7073

It is shown that transfer entropy is superior for inferring the interaction radius compared to cross correlation, hence resulting in a higher performance for inferring the leader-follower relationship. The effects of noise size exerted from environment and the ratio of the numbers of leader and follower on the classification performance are also discussed.The Preisach model has been useful as a null model for understanding memory formation in periodically driven disordered systems. In amorphous solids, for example, the athermal response to shear is due to localized plastic events (soft spots). As shown recently by Mungan et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 178002 (2019)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.123.178002], the plastic response to applied shear can be rigorously described in terms of a directed network whose transitions correspond to one or more soft spots changing states. The topology of this graph depends on the interactions between soft spots and when such interactions are negligible, the resulting description becomes that of the Preisach model. A first step in linking transition graph topology with the underlying soft-spot interactions is therefore to determine the structure of such graphs in the absence of interactions. Here we perform a detailed analysis of the transition graph of the Preisach model. find more We highlight the important role played by return-point memory in organizing the graph into a hierarchy of loops and subloops. Our analysis reveals that the topology of a large portion of this graph is actually not governed by the values of the switching fields that describe the hysteretic behavior of the individual elements but by a coarser parameter, a permutation ρ which prescribes the sequence in which the individual hysteretic elements change their states as the main hysteresis loop is traversed. This in turn allows us to derive combinatorial properties, such as the number of major loops in the transition graph as well as the number of states |R| constituting the main hysteresis loop and its nested subloops. We find that |R| is equal to the number of increasing subsequences contained in the permutation ρ.The distribution of intervals between human actions such as email posts or keyboard strokes demonstrates distinct properties at short versus long timescales. For instance, at long timescales, which are presumably controlled by complex process such as planning and decision making, it has been shown that those interevent intervals follow a scale-invariant (or power-law) distribution. In contrast, at shorter timescales-which are governed by different processes such as sensorimotor skill-they do not follow the same distribution and we know little about how they relate to the scale-invariant pattern. Here, we analyzed 9 million intervals between smartphone screen touches of 84 individuals which span several orders of magnitudes (from milliseconds to hours). To capture these intervals, we extend a priority-based generative model to smartphone touching events. At short timescale, the model is governed by refractory effects, while at longer timescales, the intertouch intervals are governed by the priority difference between smartphone tasks and other tasks. The flexibility of the model allows us to capture interindividual variations at short and long timescales, while its tractability enables efficient model fitting. According to our model, each individual has a specific power-law exponent which is tightly related to the effective refractory time constant suggesting that motor processes which influence the fast actions are related to the higher cognitive processes governing the longer interevent intervals.The balance between stretching and bending deformations characterizes shape transitions of thin elastic sheets. While stretching dominates the mechanical response in tension, bending dominates in compression after an abrupt buckling transition. Recently, experimental results in suspended living epithelial monolayers have shown that, due to the asymmetry in surface stresses generated by molecular motors across the thickness e of the epithelium, the free edges of such tissues spontaneously curl out-of-plane, stretching the sheet in-plane as a result. This suggests that a competition between bending and stretching sets the morphology of the tissue margin. In this paper, we use the framework of non-Euclidean plates to incorporate active pre-strain and spontaneous curvature to the theory of thin elastic shells. We show that, when the spontaneous curvature of the sheet scales like 1/e, stretching and bending energies have the same scaling in the limit of a vanishingly small thickness and therefore both compete, in a way that is continuously altered by an external tension, to define the three-dimensional shape of the tissue.Collisionless shocks are multiscale objects. Energetic ion distributions are gyrotropic at sufficiently large distances upstream and downstream of the shock transition while at the transition itself the ion dynamics is significantly gyrophase dependent. Magnetic-moment conservation of an ion is widely used as a viable approximation during the shock crossing. It is shown that this approximation is inconsistent with the required entropy increase due to the loss of the gyrophase information.Slow dynamic nonlinearity is widely observed in brittle materials with complex heterogeneous or cracked microstructures. It is seen in rocks, concrete, and cracked glass blocks. Unconsolidated structures show the behavior as well aggregates of glass beads under pressure and a single glass bead confined between two glass plates. A defining feature is the loss of stiffness after a mechanical conditioning, followed by a logarithmic-in-time recovery. Materials observed to exhibit slow dynamics are sufficiently different in microstructure, chemical composition, and scale (ranging from the laboratory to the seismological) to suggest some kind of universality. There lacks a full theoretical understanding of the universality in general and the log(time) recovery in particular. One suspicion has been that the phenomenon is associated with glassy grain boundaries and microcracking. Seminal studies were focused on sandstones and other natural rocks, but in recent years other experimental venues have been introduced with which to inform theory.