Mcphersonmayo3137
Responsible Agriculture 4.0 innovation requires public-private collaboration of innovation system stakeholders, including policy makers, farmers, consumers, as well as technology developers, to enable development of transition pathways from a systems perspective. The use of responsible innovation processes, including anticipation on alternative futures, should also be built into innovation processes to support critical reflection on technological trajectories and related innovation system consequences, both desirable and undesirable.There has been a strong consumer demand to take welfare into account in animal production, including table eggs. This is particularly true in Europe and North America but increasingly around the world. We review the main demands that are facing the egg industry driven by economic, societal and sustainability goals. We describe solutions already delivered by research and those that will be needed for the future. Already table egg consumption patterns have seen a major shift from cage to non-cage production systems because of societal pressures. learn more These often feature free-range and organic production. These changes likely signal the future direction for the layer sector with the acceleration of the conversion of cage to barn and aviary systems with outdoor access. This can come with unintended consequences from bone fracture to increased disease exposure, all requiring solutions. In the near future, the laying period of hens will be routinely extended to improve the economics and environmental footprint of producre less efficient and do not compete economically in the meat or egg market; however, as consumer awareness increases viable markets are emerging. These priorities are the response to economic, environmental, ethical and consumer pressures that are already having a strong impact on the egg industry. They will continue to evolve in the next decade and if supported by a strong research and development effort, a more efficient and ethical egg-laying industry should emerge.The food production system needs to be sustainable including poultry sector to feed the increasing global population. An accepted economical and environmental approach of broiler production is to produce larger broilers faster while using less feed. Broiler production is aimed at producing consumable meat and meat products. The global broiler meat market has evolved over the years with increasing selection pressure shifted toward attaining yield characteristics for increased cut-up parts such as breast and thighs. There is a shift toward a big bird market in the U.S. with approximately 70% of the broiler meat produced from large birds (>2.72 kg). Genetic selection of broilers for quantitative traits such as growth rate and lean muscle mass without increasing the fat mass has altered broiler physiological homeostasis to adapt toward the larger rates of muscle protein turnover. Physiological stresses created due to selection pressures in broilers have produced several muscle myopathies including an emerging one called woody breast myopathy. The sustainable broiler production practice may require humane consideration of raising broilers in less stressful grow-out regimes that will have minimal impact on broiler metabolic health. Another sustainability approach of broiler production toward feed efficiency lies on understanding dietary formulation approach of amino acids and energy that promote optimal nutrient utilization and minimal nutrient output to environment while also fulfilling the growth demands and body composition changes associated with increased protein gain in current meat broilers brought by the genetic progress.Animals form an integral part of our planetary ecosystem but balance is critical to effective ecosystem functioning as demand for livestock products has increased, greater numbers of domesticated livestock have created an imbalance and hence had a negative impact on a number of ecosystem services which means that life as we know it will become unsustainable. Policies and technology advances have helped to manage the impact but more needs to be done. The aim of this paper is to highlight ways in which better knowledge of animal science, and other disciplines, can both harness technology and inform policy to work towards a sustainable balance between livestock and the environment. Effective policies require simple, quantifiable indicators against which to set targets and monitor progress. Indicators are clear for water pollution, but more complex for biodiversity. Hence, more progress has been made with the former. It is not yet possible to measure the impacts of changes in livestock management on greenhouse gaptimize diets not just in terms of least cost financially but also least 'cost' in terms of global carbon flux and engage in dialogue with the food industry and policy makers on regulations for grain quality.
The degree of stenosis on coronary CT angiography (CCTA) guides referral for CT-derived flow reserve (FFRct). We sought to assess whether semiquantitative assessment of high-risk plaque (HRP) features on CCTA improves selection of studies for FFRct over stenosis assessment alone.
Per-vessel FFRct was computed in 1,395 vessels of 836 patients undergoing CCTA with 25-99% maximal stenosis. By consensus analysis, stenosis severity was graded as 25-49%, 50-69%, 70-89%, and 90-99%. HRPs including low attenuation plaque (LAP), positive remodeling (PR), and spotty calcification (SC) were assessed in lesions with maximal stenosis. Lesion FFRct was measured distal to the lesion with maximal stenosis, and FFRct<0.80 was defined as abnormal. Association of HRP and abnormal lesion FFRct was evaluated by univariable and multivariable logistic regression models.
The frequency of abnormal lesion FFRct increased with increase of stenosis severity across each stenosis category (25-49%6%; 50-69%30%; 70-89%54%; 90-99%91%, p<0.001). Univariable analysis demonstrated that stenosis severity, LAP, and PR were predictive of abnormal lesion FFRct, while SC was not. In multivariable analyses considering stenosis severity, presence of PR, LAP, and PR and/or LAP were independently associated with abnormal FFRct Odds ratio 1.58, 1.68, and 1.53, respectively (p<0.02 for all). The presence of PR and/or LAP increased the frequency of abnormal FFRct with mild stenosis (p<0.05) with a similar trend with 70-89% stenosis. The combination of 2 HRP (LAP and PR) identified more lesions with FFR < 0.80 than only 1 HRP.
Semiquantitative visual assessment of high-risk plaque features may improve the selection of studies for FFRct.
Semiquantitative visual assessment of high-risk plaque features may improve the selection of studies for FFRct.
Breastfeeding is recommended by both the World Health Organization and the Canadian Pediatric Society due to the numerous maternal and infant benefits. Current literature examining breastfeeding among people with physical disabilities is limited to the United States with limited information about the Canadian context.
The primary aim of this study was to identify breastfeeding positions and techniques used by people with physical disabilities and explore their perceptions of effectiveness in a Canadian context where individuals had universal access to a lactation consultant.
A cross-sectional interview-based study was undertaken. Individuals were eligible for the study if they breastfed within the last 10 years and a) used a mobility device or b) experienced dysmobility, weakness or pain due to a medical condition while breastfeeding. Interviews were semi-structured to allow in-depth exploration of breastfeeding techniques and perceptions of effectiveness. The interviews were audiotaped, professionally transcribed, and assessed for content surrounding the use and effectiveness of breastfeeding positions and techniques.
Eleven people participated in our study. Participants in our sample mentioned a variety of techniques used to breastfeed including a) accessories, b) assistance from others, c) breastfeeding positions, and d) location of feeding.
People with physical disabilities use a variety of breastfeeding techniques to overcome physical limitations. This practical advice may improve guidance for healthcare professionals, including lactation consultants, to better support people with physical disabilities meet their breastfeeding goals.
People with physical disabilities use a variety of breastfeeding techniques to overcome physical limitations. This practical advice may improve guidance for healthcare professionals, including lactation consultants, to better support people with physical disabilities meet their breastfeeding goals.Our understanding of health has changed substantially since the World Health Organization initially defined health in 1948 as "a state of complete physical, mental and social and well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity". These changes include reconceptualizing health on a continuum rather than as a static state, and adding existential health to physical, mental, and social well-being. Further, good health requires adaptation in coping with stress and is influenced by social, personal and environmental factors. Building on prior work, we propose a reconsidered 2020 definition "Health is the dynamic balance of physical, mental, social, and existential well-being in adapting to conditions of life and the environment." Health is dynamic, continuous, multidimensional, distinct from function, and determined by balance and adaptation. This new definition has implications for research, policies, and practice, with particular relevance for health considered within a context of disability and chronic conditions.
Individuals with physical or mental health disabilities may be particularly vulnerable to the impact of COVID-19 on their health and employment.
We examined COVID-19-related concerns for health, finances, and organizational support among workers with no disability, a physical, mental health, or both physical and mental health disability, and factors associated with COVID-19 perceptions.
An online, cross-sectional survey was administered to a sample of Canadians in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Questions asked about COVID-19 perceptions, demographics (gender, age, education), work context (e.g., sector, contract work) and employment conditions (e.g., job stress, control, accommodation needs). Descriptive, multivariable, and nested regression analyses examined factors associated with COVID-19 perceptions.
A total of 3066 participants completed the survey. Workers with both a physical and mental health disability reported significantly greater health and financial concerns and less organizatiolight the importance of creating more inclusive employment opportunities for people living with physical and mental health disabilities.
Autologous fat grafting (FG) is a popular technique for soft-tissue augmentation, but the fat survival rate is unpredictable. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has emerged as an adjuvant to enhance fat graft survival.
This literature review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of PRP on the survival rate of fat grafting.
A comprehensive systematic literature search was done to identify clinical studies on PRP and fat cotransplantation in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases up to May 2020. The reference lists of selected articles were reviewed to identify any additional related articles. A meta-analysis was conducted to compare PRP+FG and conventional FG in terms of fat graft survival rate, patient satisfaction rate, and recovery time after surgery.
Eleven studies consisting of 1125 patients were analyzed. Patients were followed up from 3 to 24 months post-FG. The fat survival rate varied from 20.5% to 54.8% in FG alone and from 24.1% to 89.2% in the PRP+FG groups. The survival rate was significantly higher and recovery time was significantly lower in the PRP+FG group than in the FG alone group.
