Munkholmadcock9985

The loaded cells in the construct have high viability of over 90% at 24 h, and show proliferation and protein secretion over one week, suggesting that Gel-UPy-Tyr-based constructs under physiological temperature not only can keep high fidelity, but also can support the growth and functions of the loaded cells.We consider an elastic helical medium formed by uniformly rotating a triclinic crystal around a given axis to constitute a helical medium giving rise to an inhomogeneous material whose tensor stiffness rotates uniformly and varies along the helix axis. A detailed analysis of its elastic properties has been done previously. Here, we are concerned in analyzing the role of thermal coupling with heat flow through the dilatation tensor. Starting from a general dynamic description of the thermoelastic phenomena which takes into account the finite speed of propagation of thermal waves, we establish a set of equations for the strains, stresses, temperature and heat flow. These equations allow to calculate the band structure and the logarithmic ratio between longitudinal and transverse strains. We express our results for different values of the thermoelastic coupling and period of the helix which show remarkable modifications when compared with the case in which no thermoelastic coupling is present.Wurtzite-structured CdS material is widely used in information sensing and energy harvesting. Based on the piezoelectric property of CdS, we present a flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) with three-dimensional-structured CdS nanowall arrays. Under index finger oscillations at a slow rate, the maximal open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current are 1.2 V and 6 nA respectively. Meanwhile, the working mechanism of this PENG was successfully studied with piezoelectric potential distribution and energy band theory respectively. All of the results show that an increase in the bending degree and bending frequency will affect the output of the PENG, suggesting that it can be used as a flexible sensor. In addition, the fabricated PENG can be used as a self-powered pressure sensor relying on the linear relationship between the output voltage and the vertical pressure. This work may provide a new approach to fabricating piezoelectric nanogenerators based on three-dimensional materials as an energy harvester, which may also facilitate the development of flexible and wearable electric sensing technology.Resistive switching (RS) devices based on self-assembled nanowires (NWs) and nanorods (NRs) represent a fascinating alternative to conventional devices with thin film structure. The high surface-to-volume ratio may indeed provide the possibility of modulating their functionalities through surface effects. However, devices based on NWs usually suffer from low resistive switching performances in terms of operating voltages, endurance and retention capabilities. In this work, we report on the resistive switching behaviour of ZnO NW arrays, grown by hydrothermal synthesis, that exhibit stable, bipolar resistive switching characterized by SET/RESET voltages lower than 3 V, endurance higher than 1100 cycles and resistance state retention of more than 105 s. The physical mechanism underlying these RS performances can be ascribed to nanoionic processes involving the formation/rupture of conductive paths assisted by oxygen-related species in the ZnO active layer. The reported results represent, to the best of our knowledge, the best resistive switching performances observed in ZnO NW arrays in terms of endurance and retention.Testicular organoid models are tools to study testicular physiology, development, and spermatogenesisin vitro. buy Blasticidin S However, few side-by-side comparisons of organoid generation method have been evaluated. Here, we directly tested whether the culture microenvironment is the prime determinant promoting testicular organoid self-assembly. Using Matrigel as a representative extracellular matrix (ECM), we compared multiple culture environments, 2D and 3D, ECM-free and ECM, for organoid self-assembly with immature murine testicular cells.De novotissues were observed to self-assemble in all four culture environments tested within 72 hours, however, these tissues only met requirements to be named organoids in 2D ECM and 3D ECM-free (3DF) culture methods. Based on these results, 3DF was selected for further study, and used to examine animal age as an independent variable. Organoid assembly was significantly delayed when using pubertal murine cells and entirely absent from adult murine and adult human cells. Organoid-conditiar tissues.A Monte-Carlo ray tracing simulator with a graphical user interface (MCRTS-GUI) has been developed to provide a quantitative description, performance evaluation and photon loss analysis of luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs). The algorithm is applied to several practical LSC device structures including multiple dyes in the same waveguiding layer, and structures where a dye layer is sandwiched between clear substrates. The effect of the host matrix absorption and the influence of the neighboring layers are investigated. Validations demonstrate that the MCRTS-GUI developed provides a reliable and accurate description of LSC performance. Code for the mixed-dye single layer configuration is converted into a ray-tracing package with a user-friendly interface and is made available as open source software.In this work we present a new procedure to compute optical spectra including excitonic effects and approximated quasiparticle corrections with reduced computational effort. The excitonic effects on optical spectra are included by solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation, considering quasiparticle eigenenergies and respective wavefunctions obtained within DFT-1/2 method. The electron-hole ladder diagrams are approximated by the screened exchange. To prove the capability of the procedure, we compare the calculated imaginary part of the dielectric functions of Si, Ge, GaAs, GaP, GaSb, InAs, InP, and InSb with experimental data. The energy position of the absorption peaks are correctly described. The good agreement with experimental results together with the very significant reduction of computational effort makes the procedure suitable on the investigation of optical spectra of more complex systems.Surface diffusion is known to be of prime importance in the growth of semiconductor nanowires. In this work, we used ZnMgO layers as markers to analyze the growth mechanisms and kinetics during the deposition of ZnMgO/ZnO multilayered shells by molecular beam epitaxy on previously grown ZnO nanowire cores (so called core-shell heterostructures). Specifically, the influence of the O2 flow sent into the plasma cell on the adatom surface mobility was investigated. By carefully measuring the growth rate on the lateral facets as well as on the top of the nanowires, it is concluded that the surface diffusion length of adatoms, within the used MBE growth conditions, is very low. Such poor surface mobility explains why so few works can be found related to the spontaneous growth (without catalyst) of ZnO nanowires by MBE, contrary to other deposition techniques.The averted cumulative lifetime attributable risk (LAR), the residual dose and highest ground deposition of137Cs complying with a reference dose level of 20 mSv y-1to an individual returning after one year to an area contaminated by nuclear power plant (NPP) fallout were evaluated by applying an existing exposure model designed to compute age- and gender-dependent time-integrated LAR. The model was applied to four types of nuclear fallout scenarios, partly based on data from the Chernobyl and Fukushima releases and from theoretical source terms from Swedish NPPs. For rapid decontamination measures that achieve a 50% relative reduction in external dose rate within 1 y, compliance with the reference level 20 mSv y-1can be attained for an initial137Cs ground deposition of up to 2 MBq m-2with relaxed food restrictions. This compliance can be attained at even higher ground deposition (up to 3.5 MBq m-2) if using the strict food restrictions employed in Japan after 2011. Considering longer than 1 year return times it was also found that the benefit of implementing decontamination decreases rapidly with time (2-3 y half-time), especially if the fallout has a high initial134Cs to137Cs activity ratio and if the ecological half-time of the external dose rate is short ( less then 5 y). Depending on fallout scenario the averted cumulative LAR for newborn girls by decontamination that is achieved after 5 y is only between 6% and 11% of that obtained by evacuation alone during the same time, indicating a rather limited radiological benefit of decontamination if delayed more than a few years. We conclude that decision makers and emergency response planners need to consider that protracted decontamination measures may have limited radiological benefit compared with evacuation in terms of averted future cancer cases, albeit it may have other societal benefits.Herein, we reveal extraordinary enhancements in the photoresponsivities of tin sulfide (SnxSy) grown on SiO2/Si wafers through post-phase transformations induced by electron beam irradiation (EBI) and crystallization. Amorphous SnxSy thin films were formed by room-temperature sputtering, and as-deposited films were subsequently transformed into hexagonal SnS2 and orthorhombic SnS phases by EBI at 600 and 800 V respectively, for only one minute. The use of a low-energy electron beam was sufficient to fabricate a SnxSy photodetector, with no additional heating required. Less than 10 nm thick SnxSy films with well-defined layer structures and stable surface morphologies were obtained through EBI at 600 and 800 V. The resulting phase-controlled SnS thin-film photodetector prepared using 800 V-EBI exhibited a 40 000-fold increase in photoresponsivity; when illuminated by a 450 nm light source, the active SnS-layer-containing photodetector demonstrated a photoresponsivity of 33.2 mA W-1.Near-stoichiometric and under-stoichiometric Cr2Al x C (x = 0.9 and 0.75) amorphous compositions were deposited onto a silicon substrate at 330 K in a layer-by-layer fashion using magnetron sputtering from elemental targets. The film thickness was found to be 0.9 µm and 1.2 µm for the near- and under-stoichiometric compositions respectively. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) heating holder was used to heat thin sample lamellae prepared using focused ion beam milling. Near-stoichiometric Cr2AlC thin films consisted of nano MAX phase after crystallization at 873 K. Under-stoichiometric Cr2Al x C (x = 0.75) thin films contained MAX phase along with nanocrystalline chromium aluminides after crystallization at 973 K. Irradiations with 320 keV xenon ions was performed at 623 K using a TEM with an in-situ ion irradiation (MIAMI) facility. Nanocrystalline films of near-stoichiometric Cr2AlC irradiated up to 83 displacements per atom (dpa) showed no observable changes. Also, irradiation of under-stoichiometric nanocrystalline thin films up to 138 dpa did not show any observable amorphization, and recrystallization was observed. This radiation resistance of near- and under-stoichiometric thin films is attributed to the known self-healing property of Cr2Al x C compositions further enhanced by nanocrystallinity.