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To assess the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Oman and longitudinal changes in antibody levels over time within the first 11 months of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

This nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted as a four-cycle serosurvey using a multi-stage stratified sampling method from July to November 2020. A questionnaire was used and included demographics, history of acute respiratory infection and list of symptoms, COVID-19 contact, previous diagnosis or admission, travel history and risk factors.

In total, 17,457 participants were surveyed. Thirty percent were female and 66.3% were Omani. There was a significant increase in seroprevalence throughout the study cycles, from 5.5% (4.8-6.2%) in Cycle 1 to 22% (19.6-24.6%) in Cycle 4. There was no difference in seroprevalence between genders, but significant differences were found between age groups. There was a transition of seroprevalence from being higher in non-Omanis than Omanis in Cycle 1 [9.1% (7.6-10.9%) vs 3.2% (2.6-3.9%)] to being higher in Omanis than non-Omanis in Cycle 4 [24.3% (21.0-27.9%) vs 16.8% (14.9-18.9%)]. There was remarkable variation in the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 according to governorate. Close contacts of people with COVID-19 had a 96% higher risk of having the disease [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.96, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.64-2.34]. Labourers had 58% higher risk of infection compared with office workers (AOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.04-2.35).

This study showed a wide variation in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 across governorates in Oman, with higher estimated seroprevalence in migrants in the first two cycles. Prevalence estimates remain low and are insufficient to provide herd immunity.

This study showed a wide variation in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 across governorates in Oman, with higher estimated seroprevalence in migrants in the first two cycles. Prevalence estimates remain low and are insufficient to provide herd immunity.SARS-CoV-2 variants raise concern regarding the mortality caused by COVID-19 epidemics. We analyse 88,375 cycle amplification (Ct) values from variant-specific RT-PCR tests performed between January 26 and March 13, 2021. We estimate that on March 12, nearly 85% of the infections were caused by the Alpha variant and that its transmission advantage over wild type strains was between 38 and 44%. We also find that tests positive for Alpha and Beta/Gamma variants exhibit significantly lower cycle threshold (Ct) values.

In wake of the Public Health Emergency of International Concern declared on ZIKA by the World Health Organization during 2016, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) carried out countrywide vector surveillance for ZIKA and DENGUE viruses (ZIKV & DENV) in India, as a preparedness measure during 2016-2019.

High-risk zones distributed to 49 Districts in 14 states/ Union Territories (UT) were included in the study. Seven ICMR Institutions participated, following a uniform Standard Operating Protocol. Aedes specimens sampled on weekly intervals were processed by multiplex Reverse transcriptase PCR for ZIKV/DENV and Real-time RT-PCR of ZIKV (among few samples distributed to all Districts).

Altogether, 79492 Aedes specimens in 6492 pools were processed and three (0.05%) and 63 (0.97%) pools respectively were found positive for ZIKV and DENV. ZIKV infections were recorded in Aedes aegypti sampled during 2018 sporadic ZIKA outbreak in Jaipur, Rajasthan. However, these belonged to the Asian lineage of the virus, already circulating in the Country. Both Ae. aegypti and Aedes albopictus distributed to 8 states/ UTs were found infected with DENV. Besides, both sexes of Ae. Panobinostat albopictus were infected indicating trans-ovarial transmission.

This investigation evinced no active transmission of the "American lineage - pandemic ZIKA virus" in India during the pandemic period.

This investigation evinced no active transmission of the "American lineage - pandemic ZIKA virus" in India during the pandemic period.

This study evaluated the performance of the T-SPOT.COVID test for identifying SARS-CoV-2-responsive T-cells in subjects with SARS-CoV-2 infections.

The T-SPOT.COVID test uses ELISpot interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) methodology to measure Tcell responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 and nucleocapsid peptides. T-SPOT.COVID and anti-N IgG serology tests were performed on blood from 186 subjects with NAAT-confirmed-SARS-CoV-2 infections and 100 control subjects.

In the 2-8 week-period after NAAT-diagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infection, the T-SPOT.COVID test detected 98.4% (63/64) of infected subjects; in comparison, anti-N IgG serology detected fewer in this time period (82.8%, 53/64). In the first 2 weeks after diagnosis, during activation of the adaptive immune response, there were fewer reactive T-SPOT.COVID responses (75.7%, 28/37) and many fewer seropositive responses (32.4%, 12/37). Response numbers tapered somewhat after 8 weeks, although T-SPOT.COVID test continued to detect most of the confirmed-infection subjects (83.6%, 56/67) and continued to out-perform serology (52.2%, 35/67). The possibility of T-SPOT.COVID responses due to cross-reactive T cells was ruled out by demonstrating that, of 44 control subjects with Tcells responsive to four human common cold coronavirus peptides, only 1 was T-SPOT.COVID reactive.

The T-SPOT.COVID test performed well in detecting SARS-CoV-2-sensitized T-cells over many months.

The T-SPOT.COVID test performed well in detecting SARS-CoV-2-sensitized T-cells over many months.

The durability of the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination remains unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate a rapid SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG antibody detection kit as a qualitative screen for the humoral response to vaccination.

Study participants (n=125) included pediatric healthcare workers (HCWs) who had received two doses of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273. Participants were tested on study entry (March 12, 2021 to April 9, 2021). The mean number of days post second dose was 22 (range 17-36). Participants were tested for IgM/IgG antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with the RightSign COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test Cassette. ELISA/competitive inhibition ELISA (CI-ELISA) were subsequently run to assess for the neutralization effect and SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid IgM/IgG antibodies.

Overall, 98.4% of participants were IgG-positive and 0.8% were IgM-positive on rapid RightSign testing. Of those with IgG-positive results, 100% were anti-spike protein IgG-positive on CI-ELISA; none of those who tested IgG-negative via the rapid test were IgG-positive on CI-ELISA. All HCWs who tested RightSign positive demonstrated neutralizing capability on CI-ELISA. Overall, 1.6% demonstrated anti-nucleocapsid IgM antibodies and 5.6% demonstrated anti-nucleocapsid IgG antibodies.

The strong agreement between the rapid RightSign IgG results and confirmatory CI-ELISA testing suggests that this test may be used to assess for positive, and neutralizing, antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination.

The strong agreement between the rapid RightSign IgG results and confirmatory CI-ELISA testing suggests that this test may be used to assess for positive, and neutralizing, antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is having a devastating effect worldwide. Host genome differences between populations may influence the severity of COVID-19. The Japan COVID-19 Task Force is conducting host genome analysis of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 from more than 70 institutions nationwide in Japan. This report describes the clinical characteristics of patients enrolled to date.

The median (interquartile range) age of the 1674 patients included in the analysis was 59 (45-71) years, and more than half of the patients (66.2%) were male. Less than half of the patients (41.2%) had severe disease. The case fatality rate was 3.2%.

Since this is a hospital-based study, the number of severe cases was relatively high, but the case fatality rate was relatively low, when compared to that of other countries. In the future, we will continue to enroll patients and conduct genome analyses of patients with COVID-19.

Since this is a hospital-based study, the number of severe cases was relatively high, but the case fatality rate was relatively low, when compared to that of other countries. In the future, we will continue to enroll patients and conduct genome analyses of patients with COVID-19.Currently, the novel COVID-19 coronavirus has been widely spread as a global pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has a major influence on human life, healthcare systems, and the economy. There are a large number of methods available for predicting the incidence of the virus. A complex and non-stationary problem such as the COVID-19 pandemic is characterized by high levels of uncertainty in its behavior during the pandemic time. The fuzzy logic, especially Type-2 Fuzzy Logic, is a robust and capable model to cope with high-order uncertainties associated with non-stationary time-dependent features. The main objective of the current study is to present a novel Deep Interval Type-2 Fuzzy LSTM (DIT2FLSTM) model for prediction of the COVID-19 incidence, including new cases, recovery cases, and mortality rate in both short and long time series. The proposed model was evaluated on real datasets produced by the world health organization (WHO) on top highly risked countries, including the USA, Brazil, Russia, India, Peru, Spain, Italy, Iran, Germany, and the U.K. The results confirm the superiority of the DIT2FLSTM model with an average area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 96% and a 95% confidence interval of [92-97] % in the short-term and long-term. The DIT2FLSTM was applied to a well-known standard benchmark, the Mackey-Glass time-series, to show the robustness and proficiency of the proposed model in uncertain and chaotic time series problems. The results were evaluated using a 10-fold cross-validation technique and statistically validated through the t-test method. The proposed DIT2FLSTM model is promising for the prediction of complex problems such as the COVID-19 pandemic and making strategic prevention decisions to save more lives.Effect of dietary with 100, 200, and 300 mg kg-1 glycyrrhizic acid (GA) on growth enhancer, blood physiology, digestive-antioxidant enzyme ability, innate-adaptive defense, and inflammatory cytokines induction was studied in silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix against vibriosis caused by Vibrio alginolyticus. Significant weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and 100% survival rate (SR) was attained non-infected health (NiH) fish fed in control or all GA diets on 30, 45, and 60 days. Both NiH and V. alginolyticus challenged (VaC) fish treated with 200 mg GA diet significantly (P less then 0.05) exhibited an enhancement in leucocytes value on 30, 45, and 60 days. Albumin (AB) or total proteins (TP) levels were significantly (P less then 0.05) better in both groups fed 200 GA on 45 and 60 days. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were also substantial (P less then 0.05) in both groups fed 200 mg GA on days 30, 45, and 60; whereas glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly (P less then 0.