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Anticholinergic drugs are the mainstay treatment of OAB. Anticholinergic load is the cumulative effect of taking anticholinergic medication. Recent evidence suggests that in the elderly this can have a detrimental affect, with the potential to develop dementia. A previous study found that knowledge of anticholinergic load was lacking in our healthcare professionals. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge of pharmacists, who in the UK have the potential where qualified to prescribe as well as dispense.

A questionnaire was formulated based on the previous study. It was sent out to 418 pharmacists from; a south London hospital trust, a south London clinical commissioning group and United Kingdom Clinical Pharmacists Association.

Seventy-five pharmacists completed the questionnaire. Solifenacin and tolterodine was the most popular drug prescribed in the elderly without dementia, whilst mirabegron was the most popular in the elderly with dementia. One pharmacist suggested using oxybutynin. Sixty-two percent discuss anticholinergic load with the patients, 40 % advice prescribers and 42 % consider anticholinergic load when dispensing the drug. Fifteen percent have had patients report confusion/memory loss. Selleckchem Olaparib Thirty percent know how to assess anticholinergic load. Only 15 % felt dementia was a concern with anticholinergic drugs. Worryingly, 54 % though mirabegron exerted anticholinergic effects.

This is the first study looking at pharmacist knowledge on the use of anticholinergic medication for OAB in elderly women. Knowledge amongst all healthcare professionals including pharmacists is lacking and needs to be improved.

This is the first study looking at pharmacist knowledge on the use of anticholinergic medication for OAB in elderly women. Knowledge amongst all healthcare professionals including pharmacists is lacking and needs to be improved.

Female sexual function remains an under-investigated and neglected topic in medical research. Studies have found a strong association between female sexual dysfunction (FSD) and decreased physical, emotional and overall life satisfaction [1]. Although FSD and the impact it has on quality of life is becoming increasingly recognised, the effect of pregnancy on FSD is relatively under-researched.

Based on a significance level of 5% and a study power of 80 % a power calculation was performed using an assumed 20 % loss to follow up rate. 85 primiparous women with singleton pregnancies were recruited at their dating scan and asked to complete the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire in each trimester. The total score and the six domains (pain, satisfaction, orgasm, desire, lubrication and desire) were compared with Friedman's ANOVA. The validated cut-off score of 26.55 was used to diagnose FSD.

There was an overall decrease in total FSFI scores across the three trimesters, from a median full-scaluality life is well known and so it is important that the changes experienced by women and their partners are discussed by doctors with their patients.

Primordial follicles in premature ovarian failure (POF) patients are very difficult to be activated spontaneously, so that mature oocytes are difficult to be obtained for in vitro fertilization. The aim of our review is to analyze and to systematize the published data regarding effectiveness of different strategies for in vitro activation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue.

According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a review of the literature was performed for all relevant full-text articles published in PubMed in English. Meta-analysis conducted using STATA 14.0. The random-effects model was used to combine 8 study results because the examination of heterogeneity was minimal.

One hundred and seventy seven patients after in vitro activation treatment (IVA) of ovarian tissue had accumulatively 26 pregnancies through IVF or natural pregnancy and then produced 18 live births. The random-effects model showed that the total clinical pregnancy and baby born rates reported in 8 studies evidence about effectiveness of IVA.

In vitro activation of primordial follicles as a new potential treatment for ovarian disorder patients, can be a promising option for fertility preservation. Drug-free activation of ovarian tissue in comparison with drug-included activation seemed to be more efficient.

In vitro activation of primordial follicles as a new potential treatment for ovarian disorder patients, can be a promising option for fertility preservation. Drug-free activation of ovarian tissue in comparison with drug-included activation seemed to be more efficient.

The Nightmare Distress Questionnaire (NDQ) is the most common scale used to measure nightmare distress for its satisfactory psychometric properties. This study assessed the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of NDQ (NDQ-CV) in a large sample of adolescents.

The NDQ-CV consists of 14 items (12 original NDQ items, 1 modified NDQ item and 1 new item) to assess waking distress associated with nightmares. Each item is rated on a 5-point scale from 1=Never to 5=Always. Subjects used for psychometric assessment of the NDQ-CV were 11,831 participants of the Shandong Adolescent Behavior and Health Cohort in China. Participants completed the NDQ-CV and a structured questionnaire to assess nightmare frequency, sleep, anxiety/depression, and academic performance.

The NDQ-CV score ranged from 14 to 70 (M=22.5, SD=8.7). Internal consistency reliability coefficient was 0.90. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses yielded 2 dominant factors defined as nightmare general distress (10 items) and daytime reality perception (4 items). The NDQ-CV score was significantly correlated with short nocturnal sleep duration, anxiety/depression, insomnia, daytime sleepiness, and poor academic performance. Furthermore, NDQ-CV significantly predicted depressive symptoms 1 year later.

All data were self-reported.

The NDQ-CV appears to be a simple, reliable, and valid scale for assessing nightmare distresses in Chinese adolescents. Further studies are warranted to test the reliability and validity of the NDQ-CV with adult samples.

The NDQ-CV appears to be a simple, reliable, and valid scale for assessing nightmare distresses in Chinese adolescents. Further studies are warranted to test the reliability and validity of the NDQ-CV with adult samples.