Krogsgaardfranck7636

Phragmites australis accumulated the highest overall plant tissue concentrations of PFOA and PFOS. The NanoSIMS data demonstrated that PFAS associated with roots and shoots was absorbed and not just surface bound. These results illustrate that CFWs have the potential to be used to reduce PFAS contaminants in surface waters.The reusable γ-alumina packed bed was fabricated by extrusion of boehmite as rods for the removal of reactive dyes from the industrial textile wastewaters in a dynamic system. The appropriate calcination temperature, and time were determined to maximize the removal efficiency, ∼90%, in the acidic environments, pH 2-3. On the other hand, the current contribution addressed the estimation of failure probability which is a challenge for the reliable design of packed beds. Therefore, the normal, and Weibull distributions were used to evaluate the reliability of rods through Akaike information criterion (AIC), and Anderson-Darling test (ADT). The results revealed that the Weibull distribution possesses the higher accuracy in the analysis of compression strength scatter. The calcination of rods at 850 °C within 90 min not only led to fabricate a reliable packed bed with a mean strength about 860 kPa but also brought the better mesoporous structure, 8 nm, which is the main reason for the development of active sites. The thermal stability of rods provided an industrial potential for the regeneration of packed bed at 500 °C, without efficiently losing the adsorptive performance, even after reuse for ten times.Although nanoparticles' (NPs) toxicity has been intensively studied, their effects on bacterial ingestion by protozoans (as an important component of the microbial loop) is unknown. This study investigated the effects of NPs of different chemical composition [hematite (HemNPs), anatase (AnaNPs), and silica (SiNPs) NPs] and size [SiNPs with particle size of 20 (Si-20), 100 (Si-100), and 500 (Si-500) nm] on the ingestion of Escherichia coli by the protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila. Potential differences between pre- vs. co-exposure were also assessed. Pre-exposure to HemNPs had no effects on bacterial ingestion but the other NPs caused a significant inhibition, due to their inhibition of ATP synthesis and the down-regulation of phagocytosis-related genes (ACT1 and CTHB). Contrastively, co-exposure to HemNPs and Si-20 didn't affect bacterial ingestion while co-exposure to AnaNPs (Si-100 and Si-500) induced (inhibited) ingestion. The stimulatory effect of AnaNPs was due to their induction of an increase in the intracellular Ca concentration of T. thermophila whereas the inhibitory effects of Si-100 and Si-500 were attributable to ATP synthesis reduction, enhanced bacterial cell aggregation, and competition between the bacterial cells and the NPs. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the environmental risks of NPs.Lead ions are one of many common environmental pollutants, that can cause posing a serious threat to people's health, thus, their efficient and sensitive detection is important. We propose a cascade signal amplification sensor using a DNAzyme-based strand displacement amplification (SDA) and hybridization chain reaction (HCR) for the high-sensitivity detection of Pb2+. In the demonstrated sensor system, the target metal ion can activate DNAzyme to cause a strand displacement reaction. Under the synergistic action of polymerase and nickase, large numbers of DNA strands are generated that can initiate HCR. The subsequent HCR can restore the fluorescence intensity of the FAM quenched for the fluorescence resonance energy transfer effect, which exhibits a strong fluorescence signal. The DNAzyme-based sensor allowed the detection of Pb2+ down to 16.8 pM and resulted in a good dynamic line relationship ranging from 50 pM to 500 nM, and the biosensor also showed good selectivity. Furthermore, we confirmed that the proposed sensor can still detect lead ions in complex environments such as lake water, milk, and serum. We believe these findings will provide new ideas for the detection of toxic elements ions in the environment and food.Herein, a novel fluorescence quenching immunochromatographic test strip (FQICTS) for simultaneous detection of chloramphenicol (CAP) and amantadine (AMD) was developed on the basis of inner filter effect (IFE), with the combination of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and highly luminescent green-emitting gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) as the IFE quencher/donor pair. The AuNPs could quench the excitation light and emission light of AuNCs and achieve a high IFE efficiency due to dual spectral overlapping. Under optimal conditions, the "turn-on" mode of the AuNCs-based dual-readout FQICTS showed good linearity for CAP detection in chicken samples from 0.05 ng/g to 10 ng/g, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.043 ng/g. The linear range of AMD is 0.5-50 ng/g, with LOD of 0.45 ng/g. The visual LODs of CAP and AMD in "turn-on" mode were 200 and 10 times lower than that in "turn-off" mode, respectively. The "turn-on" mode of FQICTS showed high recovery for detecting CAP (82.5-94.5%) and AMD (81.9-110.7%) spiked into chicken samples. The performance and practicability of the established method were verified with commercial enzyme-immunoassay kits, and good correlations were observed. Overall, the newly developed AuNCs-based dual-readout FQICTS is a promising on-site screening tool for rapid, high-sensitivity detection of multiple food contaminants in practical applications.To achieve a sustainable circular economy for wood ash, the reuse of wood ash in agriculture and forestry is important. To evaluate the usability of ash from the combustion of natural as well as waste wood for application as fertilizer, wood fuel and corresponding ash fraction samples (n = 86) of four industrial wood-fired heat and power plants (>20 MW) were investigated. In different ash fractions, the concentrations of heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, Ni, Tl, Zn) and plant nutrients (N, P, K, Ca) were assessed with regard to relevant legislation from the European Union and from selected European countries (Germany, Austria and Finland). Depending on fuel composition and combustion kinetics within the respective plants, the investigated ash fractions showed a wide range of nutrient and heavy metal contents. Apart from N which is mainly emitted with the flue gas, plant nutrients were present in substantial concentrations with mean values corresponding to 20% P, 55 % K and >95% Ca content compared to nutrient compound fertilizer. A direct application of most ash fractions from both natural and waste wood combustion is however not possible due to high contents of Cd, Pb and Ni. In order to develop the ash for secondary use, investigation for a suitable treatment process is necessary. An estimation of the nutrient recovery potential from industrial wood energy plants in southwest Germany showed that approx. 3.1% (P), 7.5% (K) and 22.8% (Ca) of raw material for fertilizers could be substituted by ash.Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT; called "dirty" Materials Recovery Facilities in the U.S.) is a waste management method, developed mostly in Europe, which combines sorting of recyclable materials (metals, paper, plastics, glass) with composting/digestion of green/ food wastes and, in some cases production of a fuel material. In 2018-19, the authors visited six MBT facilities in Europe that use different approaches for the recovery of materials and energy from mixed MSW. PIK-90 concentration These plants were studied with respect to feedstock composition, operating conditions, capital expenditure, financial viability and environmental impacts. The compost product of most facilities examined did not comply with agricultural standards and, therefore, it was classified as compost-like output (CLO) and used as daily cover in landfills. The best composting practice used source separated organic materials (yard and other green wastes) and yielded a marketable compost. MBT plants that did not include the recovery of fuel materials had lower landfill diversion rates and, also, lower capital and operating costs. It was concluded that an MBT plant must include a very efficient sorting and recyclables recovery line and charge a sufficient gate fee. Also, in addition to the recycled products, there should be a stream to recover fuel materials sent to a power plant or cement plant, thus increasing revenue, and landfill diversion, and maximizing greenhouse gas (GHG) savings.Chemical recycling of plastic waste to base chemicals via pyrolysis and subsequent steam cracking of pyrolysis oils shows great potential to overcome the limitations in present means of plastic waste recycling. In this scenario, the largest concern is the feasibility. Are plastic waste pyrolysis products acceptable steam cracking feedstocks in terms of composition, product yields and coke formation? In this work, steam cracking of two post-consumer plastic waste pyrolysis oils blended with fossil naphtha was performed in a continuous bench-scale unit without prior treatment. Product yields and radiant coil coke formation were benchmarked to fossil naphtha as an industrial feedstock. Additionally, the plastic waste pyrolysis oils were thoroughly characterized. Analyses included two dimensional gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector for the detailed hydrocarbon composition as well as specific analyses for heteroatoms, halogens and metals. It was found that both pyrolysis oils are rich in olefins (∼48 wt%) and that the main impurities are nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine, bromine, aluminum, calcium and sodium. Steam cracking of the plastic waste derived feedstocks led to ethylene yields of ∼23 wt% at a coil outlet temperature of 820 °C and ∼28 wt% at 850 °C, exceeding the ethylene yield of pure naphtha at both conditions (∼22 wt% and ∼27 wt%, respectively). High amounts of heavy products were formed when steam cracking both pyrolysis oils, respectively. Furthermore, a substantial coking tendency was observed for the more contaminated pyrolysis oil, indicating that next to unsaturated hydrocarbons, contaminants are a strong driver for coke formation.

Several objective gait parameters are associated with cognitive impairment, but there is limited knowledge of gait models in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

How can 18 objective gait characteristics be used to define different components of gait in people with MCI (with suspected incipient neurocognitive disorder) and cognitively unimpaired people (CU), respectively?

Spatiotemporal gait data were collected by using an electronic walkway (GAITRite®), i.e. assessments in comfortable gait speed. Using cross-sectional gait data, two principal component analyses (PCA) were performed (varimax rotation) to define different components of gait in people with MCI (n=114) and CU (n=219), respectively, from the BioFINDER-2 study.

Both PCAs produced four components, here called Variability, Pace/Stability, Rhythm and Asymmetry. Total variance explained was 81.0% (MCI) versus 80.3% (CU). The Variability component explained the largest amount of variance (about 25%) in both groups. The highest loading gpeople with and without MCI, although there were some differences. This study may aid the identification of gait variables that represent different components of gait. Gait parameters such as step velocity variability, mean step length, mean step time as well as swing and stance time asymmetry could serve as interesting core variables of different gait components in future research in people with MCI (with suspected incipient neurocognitive disorder) and CU. However, the selection of gait variables depends on the purpose. It needs to be noted that assessment of variability measures requires more advanced technology than is usually used in the clinic.