Buurfoster6013

The objective of this study was to determine mtDNA sequences of the 481 bp HV1 region from two Indonesian native goat breeds, Kacang and Marica, to confirm the phylogeographic distribution of caprine haplogroup B in Southeast Asia. Based on these sequences, 12 haplotypes were observed and categorized into the predominant haplogroup B and minority haplogroup A, indicating that Indonesian native goats present the highest frequency (0.950) of the haplogroup B in the world. These results strongly emphasize previous observations of the haplogroup B frequencies tending to increase southeastward in Southeast Asia. Additionally, this suggests that goats primary bred into Southeast Asia might predominantly carry haplogroup B. This could essentially contribute to the understanding of the origin, propagation route and/or introgression history of Southeast Asian goats.

To investigate the operation time (OT) and ureteral access sheath (UAS) usage with the infection rates and to determine a cut-off value for OT.

We retrospectively analysed the data of the patients who underwent flexible ureterorenoscopy (FURS) for renal stones larger than 20mm between 2010 and 2019. The investigated parameters were OT, UAS using, and infection status. The data were analysed by forming two groups according to whether the OT was less than 60minutes and more, whether the UAS was used and whether an infection occurred. In addition, independent risk factors that may affect postoperative urinary infection development were also investigated by logistic regression analysis. And, a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to determine a cut-off value in OT terms, where infection rates increase more.

A total of 575 patients were enrolled in the study. The rates of the usage of UAS and infection were greater statistically in the group for longer than 60minutes. OT was longer statistically in the infection group than in the group without infection (94.1±14.2 and 68.01±23.1, for groups 1 and 2, respectively, P<.05, Table 2). OT was statistically longer in the UAS group than the unused one (79.3±24.4 and 66.7±22.4, for groups 1 and 2, respectively, P<.05, Table 3). ROC analyses revealed a cut-off point of 87.5min for OT in terms of infection rate.

While the infection risk increases when OT exceeds 60minutes, FURS can be safely performed up to 87.5minutes with 89% sensitivity and 69% specificity infection risk.

While the infection risk increases when OT exceeds 60 minutes, FURS can be safely performed up to 87.5 minutes with 89% sensitivity and 69% specificity infection risk.Infection by Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease, depends on reactive oxygen species (ROS), which has been described to induce parasite proliferation in mammalian host cells. It is unknown how the parasite manages to increase host ROS levels. Here, we found that intracellular T. cruzi forms release in the host cytosol its major cyclophilin of 19 kDa (TcCyp19). Parasites depleted of TcCyp19 by using CRISPR/Cas9 gene replacement proliferate inefficiently and fail to increase ROS, compared to wild type parasites or parasites with restored TcCyp19 gene expression. Expression of TcCyp19 in L6 rat myoblast increased ROS levels and restored the proliferation of TcCyp19 depleted parasites. These events could also be inhibited by cyclosporin A, (a cyclophilin inhibitor), and by polyethylene glycol-linked to antioxidant enzymes. TcCyp19 was found more concentrated in the membrane leading edges of the host cells in regions that also accumulate phosphorylated p47phox , as observed to the endogenous cyclophilin A, suggesting some mechanisms involved with the translocation process of the regulatory subunit p47phox in the activation of the NADPH oxidase enzymatic complex. We concluded that cyclophilin released in the host cell cytosol by T. cruzi mediates the increase of ROS, required to boost parasite proliferation in mammalian hosts.

To show if lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) could be symptoms of COVID-19 with validated questionnaires.

The 96 COVID-19 patients who were hospitalised at a tertiary centre were collected retrospectively. After the exclusion criteria, 46 patients consisted the study population. All patients then fill formed the International Prostate Symptom Score and Urinary Symptom Profile respectively. All patients responded to these questions for the three period.

Twenty-seven female (58.6%) and 19 male (41.4%) COVID-19 patients answered the questions. Brequinar cost In the male patients, while there were no statistically significant differences in the total IPSS, the voiding IPSS score, and quality of life between the three periods (P=.148; P=.933, P=.079, respectively), the storage IPSS scores had a significant difference between the three periods (P=.05). In female patients, low stream scores were similar between the three periods (P=.368). The scores of stress incontinence and an overactive bladder had a significant difference between the three periods (P=.05 and P=.05).

LUTS, especially storage symptoms, might be one of the initial symptoms of COVID-19 and the clinicians should evaluate LUTS with other known symptoms of the virus when a patient is suspected of having COVID-19.

LUTS, especially storage symptoms, might be one of the initial symptoms of COVID-19 and the clinicians should evaluate LUTS with other known symptoms of the virus when a patient is suspected of having COVID-19.Scientific validity and risk assessment are two main ethical issues which raise specific challenges and are unique to clinical trials investigating crude extracts/fractions from herbal materials. There are considerable challenges for both clinical investigators and ethics committee members in dealing with such issues, many of them remain unresolved, resulting in a large variation in ethical requirements, justification, and decisions. Despite a remarkable surge in herbal medicine research globally, a number of clinical investigators or even ethics committee members have limited confidence in dealing with related ethical issues. In this article, we extensively review and discuss the two main ethical issues (i.e., scientific validity and risk assessment) and highlight key considerations that are important for ethical review and justification for the conduct of herbal drug trials.All healthcare professionals, especially nurses, are affected psychosocially due to reasons such as uncertainty and work intensity experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this descriptive study, it was aimed to determine the stress, depression and burnout levels of front-line nurses. Data were obtained from 705 nurses who worked at hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic between May and July 2020, using a Personal Information Form, the Perceived Stress Scale, Beck Depression Inventory and Maslach Burnout Inventory. The data collection tools were sent online to nurse managers, requesting front-line nurses to answer the forms and scales. The nurses were mostly women and had bachelor's degrees, single and worked as nurses for between 1 and 10 years. They had high levels of stress and burnout and moderate depression. Those who were younger and had fewer years of work experience felt inadequate about nursing care and had higher levels of stress and burnout. More burnout was detected in nurses who had a positive COVID-19 test and did not want to work voluntarily during the pandemic. The authors suggest that preventive and promotive interventions in mental health should be planned and implemented to improve the mental health and maintain the well-being of front-line nurses during the pandemic, and to prepare nurses who may work during pandemics in the future.Treatment of skin unaesthetic vascular lesions is still suboptimal. In this article, we present a multicenter study evaluating the efficacy and safety of the sequential 755 nm Alexandrite and 1064 nm NDYAG lasers for the treatment of acquired and congenital vascular lesions of the skin. A total of 171 patients were included in the study (141 female and 30 male), median age 38, skin type from I to IV. Numbers of patients categorized for treated disease 22 spider angiomas, 67 facial telangiectasia/spider veins, 58 leg telangiectasia/reticular leg veins, 24 port wine stains (PWS). Of those lesions 30.7% was on legs, 63.7% on face (6.7% on forehead, 10.1% on temples, 21.7% on cheeks, 25.2% on nose, 1.7% on chin) and 5.6% on chest. Spider angiomas required from 1 to 3 treatments. Facial telangiectasias had been treated from 1 to 4 times. Leg telangiectasias needed from 2 to 6 treatment sessions. Regarding PWS, it takes from 6 to 9 laser treatment to reach the clearance of the lesion. All the vascular disorders treated showed marked improvement while side effects were limited to low pain sensation and transitory fenomena. This sequential treatment is an effective, safe, and new approach for unaesthetic skin vascular lesions.The repeated occurrence of similar phenotypes in independent lineages (i.e., parallel evolution) in response to similar ecological conditions can provide compelling insights into the process of adaptive evolution. An intriguing question is to what extent repeated phenotypic changes are underlain by repeated changes at the genomic level and whether patterns of genomic divergence differ with the geographic context in which populations evolve. Here, we combined genomic, morphological and ecological data sets to investigate the genomic signatures of divergence across populations of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) that adapted to contrasting ecological niches (benthic or limnetic) in either sympatry or allopatry. We found that genome-wide differentiation (FST ) was an order of magnitude higher and substantially more repeatable for sympatric benthic and limnetic specialists compared to allopatric populations with similar levels of ecological divergence. We identified genomic regions consistently differentiated between sympatric ecotypes that were also differentiated between or associated with benthic vs. limnetic niche in allopatric populations. These candidate regions were enriched on three chromosomes known to be involved in the benthic-limnetic divergence of threespine stickleback. Some candidate regions overlapped with QTL for body shape and trophic traits such as gill raker number, traits that strongly differ between benthic and limnetic ecotypes. In summary, our study shows that magnitude and repeatability of genomic signatures of ecological divergence in threespine stickleback highly depend on the geographic context. The identified candidate regions provide starting points to identify functionally important genes for the adaptation to benthic and limnetic niches.

To determine the association between chronotype and the prevalence of caries among in-school pupils aged 6- to 16-year-old residing in a sub-urban area in Nigeria. We hypothesize that in-school pupils who are evening chronotypes will have significantly higher prevalence of caries than those who are intermediate or morning chronotypes.

This secondary analysis of a dataset collected in 2019 from 1502 children aged 6- to 16-year-old attending private and public primary and secondary schools in Ife Central Local Government Area, Nigeria. The dependent variable was caries prevalence. The explanatory variable was participants' chronotype profile (morning, intermediate, and evening). The confounding variables were caries risk factors (socio-economic status, age at last birthday, sex, use of fluoridated toothpaste, frequency of consumption of refined carbohydrates, and oral hygiene status). Poisson regression analysis was conducted.

Data of 1001 (66.6%) students were retrieved. Of these, 59 (5.9%) had caries, 42 (4.