Ingramprater8102

Group-based emotions can shape group members' behaviors and intergroup relations. Therefore, we propose that people may try to regulate emotions of outgroup members to attain ingroup goals. We call this phenomenon "motivated intergroup emotion regulation." In four studies, conducted in both hypothetical and real-world contexts, we show that deterrence and reconciliation goals influence how fearful or calm people want outgroup members to feel, respectively. We further show that such motivated intergroup emotion regulation can guide behavior toward the outgroup, influencing how outgroup members feel (Studies 1, 2, and 4) and behave (Study 4). We demonstrate how affiliation with the ingroup, which renders ingroup goals more salient, shapes what ingroup members want outgroup members to feel (Studies 3 and 4) and subsequently how outgroup members feel and behave (Study 4). Finally, we discuss how motivated intergroup emotion regulation might contribute to understanding motivation in emotion regulation, group-based emotions, and intergroup relations.Background The physiological mechanisms underlying the development of respiratory hypersensitivity to cisplatin (CDDP) are not well-understood. It has been suggested that these reactions are likely the result of type I hypersensitivity, but other explanations are plausible and the potential for CDDP to induce type I hypersensitivity responses has not been directly evaluated in an animal model. Objectives and Methods To investigate CDDP hypersensitivity, mice were topically sensitized through application of CDDP before being challenged by oropharyngeal aspiration (OPA) with CDDP. Before and immediately after OPA challenge, pulmonary responses were assessed using whole body plethysmography (WBP). Results CDDP did not induce an immediate response or alter the respiratory rate in sensitized mice. Two days later, baseline enhanced pause (Penh) values were significantly elevated (p  less then  0.05) in mice challenged with CDDP. When challenged with methacholine (Mch) aerosol, Penh values were significantly elevated (p  less then  0.05) in sensitized mice and respiratory rate was reduced (p  less then  0.05). Lymph node cell counts and immunoglobulin E levels also indicated successful sensitization to CDDP. Irrespective of the sensitization state of the mice, the number of neutrophils increased significantly in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) following CDDP challenge. BALF from sensitized mice also contained 2.46 (±0.8) × 104 eosinophils compared to less than 0.48 (±0.2) × 104 cells in non-sensitized mice (p  less then  0.05). Conclusions The results from this study indicate that dermal exposure to CDDP induces immunological changes consistent with type I hypersensitivity and that a single respiratory challenge is enough to trigger pulmonary responses in dermally sensitized mice. These data provide previously unknown insights into the mechanisms of CDDP hypersensitivity.Tissue contaminants in anatomical pathology are not uncommon. While issues related to the presence of extraneous tissue on glass slides are often easily resolved, this is not always the case and several factors may contribute to diagnostic difficulty. Because of this, familiarity with the different steps involved in handling specimens in the anatomical pathology laboratory is essential when troubleshooting possible cross-contaminants. Most commonly, the specimen constituting the source of cross-contamination is handled before the actual contaminated case; however, this is not always so. In this article, we review the steps involved in processing pathology specimens as they pertain to cross-contamination; share an approach covering how to troubleshoot and prevent tissue contaminants in a systematic and practical manner; present some examples from our own experiences; and compare our experience to what is reported in the literature. The information included in this article will be of use to all members of the anatomical pathology team including medical laboratory technologists, laboratory managers and supervisors, pathologist assistants, trainees in pathology, and pathologists.Background Infants prenatally suspected of having a choledochal cyst (CDC) typically undergo ultrasound imaging shortly after birth. LDC203974 This study sought to evaluate features on the initial postnatal ultrasound (IPU) that could identify newborns at risk for early complications.Methods Following IRB approval, patients from four US fetal centers with prenatal suspicion for CDC and postnatal imaging from 2000 to 2017 were reviewed. Imaging and clinical courses were assessed.Results Forty-two patients had prenatal ultrasounds suspicious for CDC. Nineteen (45.2%) were excluded due to diagnostic revision (n = 9), cyst resolution (n = 5), lack of IPU measurements (n = 3), or lack of follow-up (n = 2). The 23 remaining patients were included in the study. Of these, five (21.7%) developed symptoms at a median age of 16.5 days (IQR 16-19 days), and 18 (78.3%) remained asymptomatic throughout the first year after birth. Five patients (21.7%) had cysts ≥ 4.5 cm on IPU (Symptomatic n = 3; Asymptomatic n = 2). Eighteen patients (78.3%) had cysts less then 4.5 cm on IPU (Symptomatic n = 2; Asymptomatic n = 16). An IPU cyst size ≥ 4.5 cm was associated with neonatal symptom manifestation (p = 0.048), with 88.9% specificity (95% CI 65.3-98.6%) and 60% sensitivity (95% CI 14.7-94.7%).Conclusions In newborns with prenatally diagnosed CDC, a cyst size ≥ 4.5 cm on IPU is associated with symptom development during the first month after birth and therefore early cyst excision is recommended.This report describes clinicopathologic findings from the case of a patient with a breast mass that was ultimately diagnosed as a metastatic high-grade endometrioid carcinoma of endometrial origin. The breast lesion as well as the solid areas of the endometrial lesion displayed a similar immunoprofile GATA3-positive; synaptophysin positive; negative for mammaglobin, gross cystic disease fluid protein-15, chromogranin, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2/neu; and intact expression of the DNA mismatch repair proteins MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2. The breast lesion was negative for PAX-8, whereas the solid areas of the endometrial lesion showed focal weak positivity. A review of the literature on GATA-3 expression in endometrial carcinomas found a reported frequency of expression that ranged from 0% to 13% of cases, typically in a patchy, focal, and generally restricted pattern. However, GATA-3 may be diffusely expressed in high-grade endometrial carcinomas. Since the potential for PAX-8 expression to be lost in high-grade endometrioid carcinomas is well known, a GATA-3-positive/PAX8-negative immunoprofile may be encountered in high-grade endometrioid carcinomas of the endometrium, and this composite immunoprofile is a potential diagnostic pitfall when such a lesion is being evaluated in a breast metastasis.Oral food perception together with lifestyle may affect food preferences and choices, influencing weight gain and obesity development. The present study was designed to evaluate the association of biological (taste sensitivity) and lifestyle variables with children food preferences, assessing whether all these variables contribute to explain BMI percentile. After anthropometric evaluation, 387 children were classified for bitter and sweet taste sensitivities. Socioeconomic/lifestyle aspects and hedonics for 36 foods were collected. Watching TV during meals associate with lower preference for several vegetables, as well as being sweet taste low sensitive, in the case of girls. Moreover, regression analysis showed that bitter taste sensitivity is one of the variables contributing to explain high BMI percentiles. These results present evidences that both biological and socioeconomic and the attention that is given to food (eating in the presence or absence of distractors) are aspects that should be considered in children nutrition to prevent obesity.Aims Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) requires significant healthcare resource utilization (HRU), including lengthy hospitalizations. In a phase 3 study (NCT01696084), CPX-351 (Vyxeos®) showed significant benefits to overall survival and complete remission versus conventional 7 + 3 cytarabine/daunorubicin. This analysis evaluated HRU in patients aged 60-75 years with newly diagnosed high-risk/secondary AML treated with CPX-351 versus 7 + 3 in the phase 3 study.Materials and methods Patients were randomized to receive up to 2 induction cycles with CPX-351 or 7 + 3. Responders could receive up to 2 cycles of consolidation. To normalize HRU to length of treatment, patients were assessed on a per patient year (PPY) basis. HRU analyses included hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stays, anti-infective use, transfusions, and white blood cell colony stimulating factor (CSF).Results The median (range) total duration of hospitalization was 39 (3-110) days with CPX-351 (n = 153) and 32 (2-83) days with 7 + 3 (n = 151); the estimated durations of hospitalization PPY were 198.4 and 240.5 days, respectively. The median (range) total duration of ICU stays was 0 (0-45) days with CPX-351 and 0 (0-17) days with 7 + 3; the estimated durations of ICU stays PPY were 6.7 and 10.5 days, respectively. When comparing supportive care use during CPX-351 and 7 + 3 treatment, the estimated number PPY of bags of platelets used (24.6 vs 26.9, respectively), bags of packed red blood cells used (13.0 vs 13.9), days of anti-infectives (162.0 vs 159.2), and days of CSF (4.0 vs 2.4) were not notably different.Limitations This clinical study analysis may not represent real-world HRU patterns or be generalizable to a broader AML population.Conclusions These PPY data, showing shorter durations of hospitalization and similar use of supportive care with CPX-351 versus 7 + 3, suggest CPX-351 is not associated with increased HRU in older patients with newly diagnosed high-risk/secondary AML.Objective Acute carbon monoxide （CO）poisoning can cause delayed neurological sequelae (DNS). Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) /Tau protein pathway is reported to play a key role in neurological abnormalities. In the present study, we aimed to determine the role of GSK-3β/Tau in DNS following acute CO poisoning.Methods 4-benzyl-2-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione (TDZD-8), a specific non-competitive inhibitor of GSK-3β, was used to inhibit GSK-3β. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the three groups Control group, CO group and CO-TDZD-8 group. Rats breathed 1000 ppm CO for 40 minutes and then 3000 ppm for up to 20 minutes until they lost consciousness. TDZD-8 (1 mg/kg) was administered intravenously three times after the end of CO exposure at 0, 24, 48 hours late. Learning and memory abilities were observed using the Morris Water Maze (MWM). Brain histological changes were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Moreover, the expression levels of Tau and GSK-3β were detected after acute carbon monoxide poisoning.Results TDZD-8 significantly attenuated the learning and memory dysfunction induced by acute CO poisoning, ameliorated the histology structure of damaged neural cells in cortex and hippocampus CA1 area. TDZD-8 clearly decreased p-Tau expression, reversed the reduction of p-GSK-3β induced by acute CO poisoning.Conclusions The therapeutic effect of TDZD-8 in alleviating DNS caused by acute CO poisoning is related to the inactivation of Tau by intensifying the level of GSK-3β phosphorylation.