Poulsenraymond1019

In the present paper, two new species of the leafhopper genus Mitjaevia Dworakowska, 1970 from Guizhou Province China are described and illustrated, i.e., Mitjaevia shibingensissp. nov. and Mitjaevia dworakowskaesp. nov. A checklist to species of the genus and a key to distinguish the Chinese species of the genus are given and the female valvulae are described and figured for the first time.The Caribbean biodiversity hotspot harbors vast reserves of undiscovered species. A large-scale inventory of Caribbean arachnids (CarBio) is uncovering new species across the arachnid tree of life, and allowing inference of the evolutionary history that has generated this diversity. Herein we describe ten new species of Heteroonops (Oonopidae, or goblin spiders), from Hispaniola H. scapulasp. nov., H. jurassicussp. nov., H. aylinalegreaesp. nov., H. verrucasp. nov., H. renebarbaisp. nov., H. yumasp. nov., H. carlosviquezisp. nov., H. gabrielsantosisp. nov., H. solanllycarreroaesp. nov. and H. constanzasp. nov. The occurrence of the pantropical type species Heteroonops spinimanus (Simon, 1891) is reported and new localities are given for H. validus (Bryant, 1948), H. vega (Platnick & Dupérré, 2009) and H. castelloides (Platnick & Dupérré, 2009). Molecular phylogenies indicate substantial genetic divergence separating these taxa. This work adds to evidence that the depth of diversity in the Caribbean biodiversity hotspot is particularly striking for tiny taxa living in leaf litter.Bisphenol A (BPA) is known as one of the oldest synthetic compounds with endocrine disrupting activity. It is commonly used in the production of epoxy resins, polycarbonates, dental fillings, food storage containers, baby bottles, and water containers. BPA is associated with various health problems such as obesity, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, renal diseases, behavior disorders, breast cancer, tooth development disorders, and reproductive disorders. Increasing health concerns have led the industry to seek alternatives to BPA. As BPA is now being excluded from several consumer products, the use of alternative compounds is increasing. However, the chemicals used to replace BPA are also BP analogues and may have similar or higher toxicological effects on organisms. The aim of this review is to focus on the toxicological profiles of different BP analogues (i.e. BPS and BPF) which are increasingly used today as alternative to BPA.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, endogenous noncoding RNA molecules that can bind to certain parts of target mRNAs, thereby regulating gene expression. Studies showed that miRNAs could be up- or downregulated in different allergic skin conditions but there is still need for further studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of miRNAs in response to the common contact allergen Bandrowski's base (BB), the principal allergen in patients reacting to p-phenylenediamine (PPD).

The human promyelocytic cell line THP-1 was exposed to BB at a concentration of 1 μg/mL for 24, 48, and 72 h. The dose was selected from the results of cytotoxicity assays. RNA was purified and miRNA expression profile and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) were performed to identify up- or downregulated miRNAs and confirm their modulations.

Among the different modulated miRNAs, the upregulation of miRNA-155 and the downregulation of miRNA-21 were found to be important because these are related to immune system. This expression profile of miRNAs was also confirmed by RT-PCR.

These preliminary results showed that miR-155 and miR-21 may play a role in the pathogenesis of allergic contact dermatitis, but further studies are needed to clarify their definite roles.

These preliminary results showed that miR-155 and miR-21 may play a role in the pathogenesis of allergic contact dermatitis, but further studies are needed to clarify their definite roles.

The superior properties of nickel oxide-nanoparticles (NiO-NPs) have led to their wide use in various fields. However, there is little comprehensive knowledge about their toxicity, especially after oral exposure. The toxic effect of NiO-NPs of mean size 15.0 nm was investigated in Caco-2 (human intestinal epithelial) cells as no study has been performed on their intestinal toxicity.

Following identification of their particle size distribution and cellular uptake potential, the risk of exposure to NiO-NPs was evaluated by cellular morphologic changes, cyto- and genotoxic potentials, oxidative damage, and apoptotic induction.

NiO-NPs induced a 50% reduction in cell viability at 351.6 μg/mL and caused DNA damage and oxidative damage at 30-150 μg/mL. It appears that apoptosis might be a main cell death mechanism in NiO-NP-exposed intestinal cells.

NiO-NPs might be hazardous to the gastrointestinal system. The results should raise concerns about using NiO-NPs in food-contact appliances and about NiO-NP-containing wastes. Further

and

research should be conducted to explain the specific toxicity mechanism of these particles and reduce their risk to humans.

NiO-NPs might be hazardous to the gastrointestinal system. The results should raise concerns about using NiO-NPs in food-contact appliances and about NiO-NP-containing wastes. Further in vivo and in vitro research should be conducted to explain the specific toxicity mechanism of these particles and reduce their risk to humans.

Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by skeletal degradation of osseous tissue resulting in an escalated chance of broken bones. Traditionally,

horn from East Kalimantan is used to treat many diseases, including conditions associated with bone turnover. The aim of the present research was to analyze the effects of 70% ethanol and aqueous extracts of

antler's horn from East Kalimantan on nitric oxide inhibition, osteoblast differentiation, and mineralization related to bone turnover.

Nitric oxide inhibition of the extracts in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages was evaluated by Griess reagent, while the effects of extracts on osteoblast differentiations were measured by alkaline phosphatase in

-nitrophenyl phosphate. Their effects on mineralization was determined using alizarin red staining.

The 70% ethanol and aqueous extracts inhibited cell inflammation (40% and 80%, respectively) and stimulated osteoblast differentiation (65% and 52%, respectively). In the mineralization test, the aqueous extract showed an effect two times higher than that of 70% ethanol extract.

The extracts can effectively degrade inflammatory marker expression and preserve osteoblast functions.

The extracts can effectively degrade inflammatory marker expression and preserve osteoblast functions.

Vanillic acid (VA) is a flavoring agent, a phenolic acid, and an intermediary by-product formed during transformation of ferulic acid to vanillin. selleck chemicals It has been investigated for diverse pharmacological actions and used in Chinese medicine for decades. However, there is no information in the literature about its mechanism of toxicity or safety with long-term use. The present study will not only supply information on its pharmacological profile but also encourage evidence-based pharmacotherapeutic use. Hence, we performed a subacute toxicity study.

According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Test Guideline 407 (2008), 3 groups of rats were formed consisting of 12 rats (6 male and 6 female) in each group. For the subacute toxicity, the dose was chosen after a limit test was conducted. VA (1000 mg/kg/day) was orally administered for 2 weeks to the treatment group, whereas the control group received an equivalent volume of the vehicle. To assess reversibility, VA (1000 mg/kg/day, p.o.ons, gross necropsy, and histopathological studies. The decrease in serum sodium is not considered as a major toxic effect.

VA showed no adverse effect on the process of leukopoiesis, erythropoiesis or on internal organs, as verified by hematological and biochemical evaluations, gross necropsy, and histopathological studies. The decrease in serum sodium is not considered as a major toxic effect.

This study was designed to verify the antiangiogenic activity of ferulic acid (FA) and its potency to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Moreover, we verified its mechanism of action by docking the molecule on COX-2, tyrosine kinase, and VEGF-2 proteins

.

An antiangiogenesis assay of FA at doses of 30, 60, and 90 μg was performed using the CAM of chicken eggs that were 9 days old and stimulated by 60 ng of basic fibroblast growth factor. Celecoxib (60 μg) was used as the reference drug. The inhibitory activity on VEGF and COX-2 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry assay. Molecular docking of FA was accomplished by Molegro Virtual Docker program ver. 5.5 on COX-2 enzyme (PDB ID 1CX2), tyrosine kinase receptor (PDB ID 1XKK), and VEGF-2 receptor (PDB ID 4ASD).

FA at doses of 30, 60, and 90 μg significantly prevented angiogenesis in the CAM model, which was represented as inhibitory activity agOX-2 expression due to treatment with FA at the dose range 30-90 μg appeared to be related to angiogenesis inhibition, which was shown by two parameters, namely inhibition of neovascularization and endothelial cell growth in blood vessels. It was concluded that FA is a promising antiangiogenic therapeutic agent especially at the early stage, and this activity can arise from inhibitory action on COX-2 and VEGF-2 proteins.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) is a protein that plays a role in regulating the cell cycle and its overexpression contributes to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Inhibition of CDK2 is known to be a mechanism of action of various anti-cancer drugs. Curcumin is an active compound of

and it has been reported to inhibit the activity of cyclin D, cyclin E, CDK2, CDK4, and CDK6. This study aimed to design more active curcumin derivatives as anticancer drugs by targeting CDK2 through a molecular modeling approach.

The molecular modeling approach consists of receptor and ligand preparation, method validation, pharmacophore modeling, and docking simulation.

The results of the molecular docking simulation show that the free bonding energy (ΔG) of curcumin and kurkumod 23 and 24 (the best modification of curcumin) are -7.80, -9.15, and -9.36 kcal/mol, respectively. The hydrogen interaction between kurkumod 23 and 24 with CDK occurred on Lys33 residue, which is considered a potential interaction site for CDK2 inhibitor compounds. Pharmacophore modeling showed that kurkumod 23 and 24 have pharmacophore-fit values of 45.20% and 47.26%, respectively.

The results of this study indicate that kurkumod 23 and 24 are the best and most potent modifications of curcumin as CDK2 antagonist, based on the interactions that occur between these two derivatives with amino acid residues from the CDK2 receptor.

The results of this study indicate that kurkumod 23 and 24 are the best and most potent modifications of curcumin as CDK2 antagonist, based on the interactions that occur between these two derivatives with amino acid residues from the CDK2 receptor.