Doganzimmerman2752

D- and l-amino acid concentrations of mit in way of life soup involving Lactobacillus are remarkably influenced by the particular phylogenetic band of Lactobacillus.

Alloxan being a better choice as compared to streptozotocin regarding scientific studies regarding distressing diabetic neuropathy.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful and high-speed detection technology. It provides information on molecular fingerprint recognition with ultrahigh sensitive detection. However, it shows poor anti-interference capacity against complex matrices. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) can achieve specific recognition of targets from complex matrices. read more Through introducing the MIP separation system, the MIP-SERS chemical sensor can effectively overcome the limitation of complex matrix interference, and further improve the stability of sensors for detection. Herein, the materials and structures of integrated MIP-SERS sensors are systematically reviewed, and its application as a sensor for chemical detection of hazardous substances in environmental and food samples has been addressed as well. To broaden the prospects of application, we have discussed the current challenges and future perspectives that would accelerate the development of versatile MIP-SERS chemical sensors.Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), belonging to biologically significant reactive oxygen species (ROS), plays crucial roles in many biological and pathological processes. It is of great value to explore fluorescent probes for the image of hypochlorous acid in various biological environments. We herein reported a novel fluorescent probe HN-ClO for monitoring HOCl with moderate water-solubility, good photostability, high fluorescence quantum yield and large Stokes shift. This probe exhibited excellent selectivity and high sensitivity to sense HOCl. Furthermore, probe HN-ClO was successfully applied to monitor endogenous and exogenous HOCl in living cells, zebrafishes and mice, and possessed the potential to further explore the physiological and pathological roles of hypochlorous acid in biological systems.In this work, a portable and disposable screen-printed electrode-based platform for CdS QDs electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection is presented. link= read more CdS QDs were synthesized in aqueous media and placed on top of carbon electrodes by drop casting. The CdS QDs spherical assemblies consisted of nanoparticles about 4 nm diameters and served as ECL sensitizers to enzymatic assays. The nanoparticles were characterized by optical techniques, TEM and XPS. link2 Besides, the electrode modification process was optimized and further studied by SEM and confocal microscopy. The ECL emission from CdS QDs was triggered with H2O2 as cofactor and enzymatic assays were employed to modulate the CdS QDs ECL signal by blocking the surface or generating H2O2 in situ. Thiol-bearing compounds such as thiocholine generated through the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) interacted with the surface of CdS QDs thus blocking the ECL. The biosensor showed a linear range up to 5 mU mL-1 and a detection limit of 0.73 mU mL-1 for AChE. Moreover, the inhibition mechanism of the enzyme was studied by using 1,5-bis-(4-allyldimethylammonium-phenyl)pentan-3-one dibromide with a detection limit of 79.22 nM. link3 Furthermore, the natural production of H2O2 from the oxidation of methanol by the action of alcohol oxidase was utilized to carry out the ECL process. This enzymatic assay presented a linear range up to 0.5 mg L-1 and a detection limit of 61.46 μg L-1 for methanol. The reported methodology shows potential applications for the development of sensitive and easy to hand biosensors and was applied to the determination of AChE and methanol in real samples.Silver-based nanoparticles (Ag-b-NPs) are currently a cause for concern because they are being produced in increasing quantities for use in industrial goods and consumer products. This goes hand in hand with their release to the environment and the resultant risks for the entire ecosystem. Therefore, it is essential that these materials are monitored. A promising technique that overcomes a number of shortcomings in handling environmental samples is magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) of Ag-b-NPs, which is applied in this study. It has been possible to extract different kinds of Ag-b-NPs at environmentally relevant concentrations in the low ng L-1 range using iron oxide magnetic particles (IOMPs) of different size and shape with efficiencies in the range from 80 to 100%. Furthermore, environmentally relevant inorganic ions and TiO2 particles exhibited no major effect on the extraction efficiency. However, natural organic matter (NOM) exhibited a significant influence from 1 mg L-1 resulting in a 50% drop in extraction efficiency. This effect could be overcome by adding 10 mM Ca2+ or increasing the iron oxide magnetic particle (IOMP) concentration to 500 mg L-1. Applying the presented procedure, Ag-b-NPs added to a river water sample at βAg = 50 ng L-1 were successfully extracted. We also investigated the coextraction of Ag+, demonstrating that NOM could eliminate coextraction. The subsequent species-selective elution of Ag2S-NPs after MSPE, was carried out based on ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA) as eluent in different matrices. A desorption efficiency of 76 ± 6% could be achieved while preserving the Ag2S-NPs' size. By contrast, core Ag-NPs and AgCl-NPs are dissolved if the presented method is followed.A tandem microextraction method, centrifuge free dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and thin-film microextraction (DLLME-TFME), was used for analyzing molinate in environmental samples by ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). Considering the IMS as a competitive detection system, coupling these two popular sample preparation methods reduces the effect of solvent interference and improves the sensitivity of the technique. Trichloromethane and methanol were used as the extraction, and dispersive solvents for the DLLME method and electrospun polyacrylonitrile/copper-benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid fibers were used as a sorbent in the TFME method. Some effective experimental variables influencing the extraction efficiency of an analyte such as type and volume of dispersive and extraction solvents, solution pH, ionic strength, sonication time, and extraction time were studied. The linear dynamic range of 0.5-50 μg L-1 and the limit of detection of 0.1 μg L-1 were obtained under optimized conditions. The relative standard deviations for intra-and inter-day analysis were calculated less than 10%. The present method was used for the determination of molinate in different real samples such as agricultural wastewater, well water, river water, and apple, and the recovery was obtained between 82% and 113%, for the spiked samples.This study is focused on the development of analytical methods for characterization of printed circuit boards (PCBs) from mobile phones by direct analysis using three complementary spectroanalytical techniques laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (micro-XRF). These techniques were combined with principal component analysis (PCA) to investigate the chemical composition on the surface and depth profiling of PCB samples. The spatial distribution of important base metals (e.g. link2 Al, Au, Ba, Cu, Fe, Mg, Ni, Zn), toxic elements (e.g. Cd, Cr, Pb) as well as the non-metallic fraction (e.g. link3 P, S and Si) from conductive tracks, solder mask and integrated components were detected within the PCB samples. Univariate and multivariate approaches were also performed to obtain calibration models for Cu determination. The results were compared to reference concentrations obtained by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) after microwave-assisted acid leaching using aqua regia. To this end, two PCB samples (50 × 34 mm2) were cut into small parts of 40 subsamples (10 × 8.5 mm2) and analyzed by ICP-OES and the Cu concentrations ranged from 13 to 45% m m-1. Partial least squares (PLS) regression was used to data fusion of analytical information from LIBS and micro-XRF analysis. The proposed calibration methods for LIBS and micro-XRF were tested for the 40 PCB subsamples, in which the best results were obtained combining both data sources though a low-level data fusion. Root mean square error of cross validation (RMSEC) and recoveries were 3.23% m m-1 and 81-119% using leave-one-out cross validation.Understanding mechanisms of materials deterioration during service life is fundamental for their confident use in the building sector. This work presents analysis of time series of data related to wood weathering acquired at three scales (molecular, microscopic, macroscopic) with different sensors. By using several complementary techniques, the material description is precise and complete; however, the data provided by multiple equipment are often not directly comparable due to different resolution, sensitivity and/or data format. This paper presents an alternative approach for multi-sensor data fusion and modelling of the deterioration processes by means of PARAFAC model. Time series data generated within this research were arranged in a data cube of dimensions samples × sensors × measuring time. The original protocol for data fusion as well as novel meta parameters, such as cumulative nested biplot, was proposed and tested. It was possible to successfully differentiate weathering trends of diverse materials on the basis of the NIR spectra and selected surface appearance indicators. A unique advantage for such visualization of the PARAFAC model output is the possibility of straightforward comparison of the degradation kinetics and deterioration trends simultaneously for all tested materials.The molybdenum blue method is the American Public Health Association (APHA) approved method for the detection and quantification of phosphate in water. The standard molybdenum blue method, APHA 4500 PE has a detection limit of 30 μgL-1 phosphate (10 μgL-1 phosphorus) in freshwater with a 5 cm cuvette. To further lower the detection limit to sub μgL-1 levels, we have developed a simple, fast, and solventless method for conversion of phosphate present in solution to a solid for quantification by Visible spectroscopy. The process converts the anionic heteropolymolybdate ions into a solid colloidal precipitate by charge neutralization with the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and the precipitate is then captured on a Visible transparent membrane. A Visible spectrum is then recorded in transmission mode through the membrane and the concentration of the phosphate is determined from the intensity of a band cantered at 700 nm. Using this method, the detection limit for phosphate in water is lowered to 0.64 μgL-1. The approach has also been extended to detect arsenate in water with a detection limit of 4.8 μgL-1 arsenate. . The method is also used to investigate real matrices with accuracy that matches the standard APHA method for detection of phosphate in water.Metabolites in the body fluid are becoming a rich source of disease biomarkers. Developing an effective and high throughput detection and analysis platform of metabolites is of great importance for potential biomarker discovery and validation. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) has been successfully applied in rapid biomolecules detection in large scale. However, non-negligible background interference in low molecule-weight region still constitutes a main challenge even though various nanomaterials have been developed as an alternative to traditional organic matrix. In this work, a novel composite chip, silicon nanowires loaded with fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP@SiNWs) was fabricated. It can serve as an excellent substrate for nanostructure-initiator mass spectrometry (NIMS) detection with ultra-low background noise in low molecular weight region ( less then 500 Da). read more Ion desorption efficiency and internal energy transfer of FEP@SiNWs were studied using benzylpyridinium salt and tetraphenylboron salt as thermometer chemicals.