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Oxide-type all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries have attracted great attention as a candidate for a next-generation battery with high safety performance. However, batteries based on oxide systems exhibit much lower energy densities and rate performances than liquid-type lithium-ion batteries, owing to the difficulty in preparing the ion- and electron-transfer path between particles. In this study, Li2SO4-Li2CO3-LiX (X = Cl, Br, and I) glass systems are investigated as highly deformable and high-ionic-conductive oxide electrolytes. find more These electrolytes show excellent deformable properties and better ionic conductivity. The LiI oxide glass system is a suitable electrolyte for the negative electrode because it shows a higher ionic conductivity and is stable up to 2.8 V. The LiCl or LiBr oxide glass systems are suitable electrolytes for the positive electrode and separation layer because they show high ionic conductivity and kinetic stability up to 3.2 V. The Li2S positive and Si negative composite electrodes employing LiBr and LiI oxide glass electrolytes, respectively, show high battery performances because of increased reaction points between active materials and the solid electrolyte and carbon via a mechanical milling process and are capable of forming good interparticle contact. Therefore, it suggests that the excellent deformable electrolytes are suitable for solid electrolytes in composite electrodes because their ionic conductivity does not change by the mechanical milling process. Furthermore, an oxide-type all-solid-state Li2S-Si full-battery cell employing these positive and negative composite electrodes and a LiBr oxide glass electrolyte separation layer is demonstrated. The full-battery cell indicates a relatively high discharge capacity of 740 mA h g-1(Li2S) and an area capacity of 2.8 mA h cm-2 at 0.064 mA cm-2 and 45 °C despite using only safe oxide electrolytes.The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, affects tissues from different body systems but mostly the respiratory system, and the damage evoked in the lungs may occasionally result in severe respiratory complications and eventually lead to death. Studies of human respiratory infections have been limited by the scarcity of functional models that mimic in vivo physiology and pathophysiology. In the last decades, organoid models have emerged as potential research tools due to the possibility of reproducing in vivo tissue in culture. Despite being studied for over one year, there is still no effective treatment against COVID-19, and investigations using pulmonary tissue and possible therapeutics are still very limited. Thus, human lung organoids can provide robust support to simulate SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication and aid in a better understanding of their effects in human tissue. The present review describes methodological aspects of different protocols to develop airway and alveoli organoids, which have a promising perspective to further investigate COVID-19.Exsolution is a promising technique to design metal nanoparticles for electrocatalysis and renewable energy. In this work, Ni-doped perovskites, (Pr0.5Ba0.5)1-x/2Mn1-x/2Nix/2O3-δ with x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 (S-PBMNx), were prepared to design exsolution systems as solid oxide fuel cell anodes and for catalysis applications. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses demonstrated that correlating A-site deficiency with Ni content can effectively induce exsolution of all Ni under H2 atmosphere at T ∼ 875 °C, yielding the reduced (exsolved) R-PBMNx materials. On heating the exsolution systems in air, metal incorporation in the oxide lattice did not occur; instead, the Ni nanoparticles oxidized to NiO on the layered perovskite surface. The lowest area-specific resistance (ASR) under wet 5% H2/N2 in symmetrical cells was observed for R-PBMN0.2 anode (ASR ∼ 0.64 Ω cm2 at 850 °C) due to the highest Ni particle density in the R-PBMNx series. The best performance for dry reforming of methane (DRM) was also obtained for R-PBMN0.2, with CH4 and CO2 conversion rates at 11 and 32%, respectively, and the highest production of H2 (37%). The DRM activity of R-PBMN0.2 starts at 800 °C and is sustained for up to at least 5 h operation with little carbon deposition (0.017 g·gcat-1·h-1). These results clearly demonstrate that varying Ni-doping in layered double perovskite oxides is an effective strategy to manipulate the electrochemical performance and catalytic activity for energy conversion purposes.Polymer nanocapsules, with a hollow structure, are increasingly finding widespread use as drug delivery carriers; however, quantitatively evaluating the bio-nano interactions of nanocapsules remains challenging. Herein, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based metal-phenolic network (MPN) nanocapsules of three sizes (50, 100, and 150 nm) are engineered via supramolecular template-assisted assembly and the effect of the nanocapsule size on bio-nano interactions is investigated using in vitro cell experiments, ex vivo whole blood assays, and in vivo rat models. To track the nanocapsules by mass cytometry, a preformed gold nanoparticle (14 nm) is encapsulated into each PEG-MPN nanocapsule. The results reveal that decreasing the size of the PEG-MPN nanocapsules from 150 to 50 nm leads to reduced association (up to 70%) with phagocytic blood cells in human blood and prolongs in vivo systemic exposure in rat models. The findings provide insights into MPN-based nanocapsules and represent a platform for studying bio-nano interactions.

Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockade is reversed with neostigmine/glycopyrrolate or sugammadex. Anticholinergic glycopyrrolate decreases bladder detrusor muscle contractility, potentially leading to postoperative urinary retention (POUR). POUR commonly complicates inguinal herniorrhaphy. In this study we assess association between reversal technique and POUR.

Records of adult patients undergoing unilateral inguinal herniorrhaphy with neuromuscular blockade from January 2013 to September 2020 were reviewed for POUR (unplanned postoperative insertion of urinary catheter). A propensity-adjusted analysis was performed to assess POUR in neostigmine/glycopyrrolate versus sugammadex using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to adjust for potential confounding.

We identified 181 patients who underwent herniorrhaphy with amnio-steroidal neuromuscular blockers, 75 (41.4%) who received sugammadex and 106 (58.6%) neostigmine/glycopyrrolate. Compared with sugammadex, neostigmine/glycopyrrolate group udy.

These results suggest that neuromuscular blockade reversal with sugammadex is associated with lower rates of POUR following unilateral inguinal herniorrhaphy. Our results need to be reconfirmed in a randomized prospective study.Since the mid 20th century, transplantation has been a fast-developing field of contemporary medicine. The technical aspects of transplant operations were developed in the 1950s, with little significant change for more than 50 years. Those techniques allowed completion of various organ transplants and successful patient outcomes, but they also carried the inherent disadvantages of open surgery, such as post-operative pain, wound complications and infections, and prolonged length of hospital stay. The introduction and adoption of minimally invasive surgical techniques in the early 1990s to various surgical specialties including general, gynecologic and urologic surgery led to significant improvements in post-operative patient care and outcomes. Organ transplantation, with its precision demanding vascular anastomoses, initially had been considered infeasible to accomplish with conventional laparoscopic devices. The institution of robotic surgical technology in the late 1990s and its subsequent wide utilization in fields of surgery changed its accessibility and acceptance. The steady camera, three dimensional views and multidirectional wrist motions, surgical robotics opened new horizons for technically demanding surgeries such as transplantation to be completed in a minimally invasive fashion. Furthermore, the hope was this technique could find a niche to treat patients who otherwise are not deemed surgical candidates in many fields including transplantation. Here in, robotics in kidney transplantation and its ability to help provide equity through access to transplantation will be discussed. Supplemental Visual Abstract; http//links.lww.com/TP/C264.

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transepithelial accelerated corneal cross-linking (CXL) for advanced keratoconus eyes with maximum keratometry (Kmax) values >58 diopter (D).

Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Prospective parallel control study.

Forty-one keratoconus eyes from 41 patients (mean age, 21.93+/-5.48 years) who underwent transepithelial accelerated CXL were included prospectively. The enrolled eyes were divided into two groups according to their Kmax values (group A, Kmax >=58.0 D; group B, Kmax <58.0 D). The examinations including assessment of uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), corneal topography, and corneal endothelial cell density count were conducted preoperatively, at 1 day, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively.

No statistical difference was noted between the average UDVA and CDVA in both groups throughout the follow-up duration. At 1-year postoperative follow-up, the CDVA increased by >=2 lines in 45% (9/20) and 28.6% (6/21) eyes in groups A and B, respectively. The average preoperative Kmax in groups A and B were 62.51+/-3.34 D and 49.98+/-4.32 D, respectively, and that at postoperative 1-year follow-up were 61.94+/-4.11 D and 50.24+/-4.72 D, respectively. The Kmax values of 30% (6/20) eyes in group A and 4.8% (1/21) eyes in group B decreased by more than 1 D. Deduction of flat K, steep K, mean K, and Kmax showed no significant difference between the two groups at 1-year postoperative follow-up. Moreover, 20% (4/20) and 23.8% (5/21) of eyes in groups A and B, respectively, showed progress at postoperative 1-year follow-up.

Transepithelial accelerated CXL can safely treat advanced keratoconus eyes with Kmax values >=58.0 D with some extent of efficacy and has similar progressive rate as Kmax values < 58.0 D.

=58.0 D with some extent of efficacy and has similar progressive rate as Kmax values less then 58.0 D.

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a novel presbyopia-correcting intraocular lens (IOL) with a nondiffractive design, DFT015, compared with an aspheric monofocal IOL, SN60WF.

Nineteen investigational sites in four countries Australia, Canada, Spain, and the United Kingdom.

Prospective, randomized, parallel-group, controlled, assessor- and patient-masked clinical study.

Participants aged >=22 years with bilateral cataracts were randomized to DFT015 or SN60WF in a 54 ratio and masked until final postoperative follow-up at Month 6. The primary effectiveness objective was superiority of DFT015 over SN60WF in mean monocular photopic distance-corrected intermediate visual acuity (DCIVA) at Month 3. Secondary effectiveness objectives included noninferiority of DFT015 to SN60WF in mean monocular photopic best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA), and superiority in mean monocular photopic distance-corrected near visual acuity (DCNVA) at Month 3. Visual disturbances were assessed at Month 6.

Two-hundred-and-eighty-two patients were randomized to DFT015 (n = 159) or SN60WF (n = 123).