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This review summarizes diverse aspects of eosinophil biology and mainly, it goes over the mechanisms and roles carried out by eosinophils in host defence against virus infections and vaccines response, focusing the attention in respiratory viruses like the new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2.Airway examination techniques are procedures that can potentially transmit infectious diseases to both patients and healthcare professionals who perform them, by various mechanisms. The pandemic situation due to the COVID-19 disease has practically halted most of the activity of the clinics and laboratories of pulmonary and nasal function, with clear recommendations in this regard. Being already in the early stages after the peak of the pandemic, we still do not know for sure what its consequences will be in the short or long term, since there are important gaps in the knowledge of aspects as fundamental as the transmission mechanisms of the virus, its pathophysiology and immune response or its diagnosis. In this review we will examine the different examination techniques available on the assessment of patients suffering from respiratory allergy, asthma and associated diseases, int the postpandemic momentum, highlighting their possible advantages and disadvantages. For this reason, we wanted to focus on exploring the entire upper and lower airways, from the perspective of the safety of both the healthcare professionals and patients and their specific characteristics. And at the same time we will approach the analysis of the intrinsic value that these interventions provide from the point of view of both diagnosis and management of these patients. The changing situation of this disease may cause some modifications of the assertions presented in this review in the future.While this guidance seeks to ensure a consistent wide approach, some differences in operational details may be applied due to local regulations.Visualizations produced by collaborations between artists, scientists, and visualization experts lay claim to being not only more effective in delivering information but also more effective in their abilities to elicit qualities like human connection. However, as prior work in the visualization community has demonstrated, it is difficult to evaluate these claims because characteristics associated with human connection are not easily measured quantitatively. In this Visualization Viewpoints piece, we address this problem in the context of our work to develop methods of evaluating visualizations created by Sculpting Visualization, a multidisciplinary project that incorporates art and design theory and practice into the process of scientific visualization. We present the design and results of a study in which we used close reading, a formal methodology used by humanities scholars, as a way to test reactions and analyses from evaluation participants related to an image created using Sculpting Visualization. In addition to specific suggestions about how to improve future iterations of the visualization, we discuss key findings of the evaluation related to contextual information, visual perspective, and associations that individual viewers brought to bear on their experience with the visualization.As human beings, we are so used to interacting with each other that any world without humans would feel alien to us, including digital ones. In this article, we present a survey on the role of digital human-like characters in virtual worlds, both as counterparts of real human users and as embodied agents driven by artificial intelligence. The main issues related to 3-D graphics, physics, animation, and behavioral modeling are introduced, suggesting wherever available different alternatives and related development pipelines. A sizeable list of examples illustrating the use of virtual humans in different application sectors is then presented, focusing in particular on four domains environmental design, training, cultural heritage, and healthcare.How important is sound in an interactive environment? For example, what happens when we play a video game without sound? Does the game still have the same impact? Even if sight is the primary sense in interactive environments, sound is also important, and should not be overlooked during the development process. The necessity of sound for perceptive quality enrichment in virtual environments cannot be underestimated. However, how designers should integrate and leverage the benefits of sound design effectively in an interactive environment can be challenging. This short article, discusses a variety of important and intriguing psychological concepts and immersive sound techniques, used in interactive environments, such as video games, to improve engagement and enhance the experience (from passive background music to active and procedural sounds). Computer graphics has proven itself in many fields of entertainment and computing as a means for communicating and engaging users (visually). This article discusses the hidden abilities of sound in interactive environments (e.g., the emotional, subconscious, and subliminal impact). We explain how different sounds can be combined with visual information to help improve interactive conditions and stimulate the imagination, not to mention, control (or steer) the user's emotions and attention.Being able to fly is still a dream. Till today, it is only possible with heavy use of technology. CX-5461 clinical trial Video games incorporated flying as a fancy way of movement inspired by mythical creatures, gods, and fantasies. In virtual reality (VR), with its deep immersion, the avatar control, especially for flying, is still performed by physical controllers that do not feel like a natural extension, thus, hindering the full immersion. To overcome this limitation, this work did an exploratory study on, first, the perception of wings as a natural body extension and, second, the natural movement performed by humans when flying. In a virtual environment, we studied the extent of the virtual presence and body ownership of wings. Results highlight that placing wings on the shoulders in an angelic form and controlling them by arm movements is the preferred way to extend human capabilities toward flying in nontechnologically restricted VR-Games.