Raunballe5563
Quantitative T
and T
mapping in non-human primates with whole-brain coverage is challenged by the requirement of sub-millimeter resolution and the inhomogeneity of the transmit magnetic field (B
) covering a large field of view. The goal of the current study is to develop a magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) method for simultaneous T
and T
mapping of the entire macaque brain within feasible scan time.
A three-dimensional (3D) MRF sequence with both inversion- and T
-preparation modules was developed and evaluated on a 9.4 T preclinical scanner. Data acquisition used a 3D stack-of-spirals trajectory, with undersampling along both the in-plane and the through-plane directions. click here The effect of B
inhomogeneity was accounted for by matching the acquired fingerprint to a dictionary simulated with the B
factors measured from a separate scan. link2 In vitro and ex vivo studies were performed to evaluate the accuracy and the undersampling capacity of the MRF method. The application of the MRF method for in vivo, brain-wide T
and T
mapping was demonstrated on macaques at 4, 6, and 12years of age.
The MRF method enabled highly repeatable T
and T
mapping at high spatial resolution (0.35 × 0.35 × 1 mm
) with an acceleration factor of 24. In vivo studies showed significant age-related T
reduction in deep gray nuclei including the globus pallidus, the putamen, and the caudate nucleus.
This study demonstrates the first MRF study for brain-wide, multi-parametric quantification in non-human primates with sub-millimeter resolution.
This study demonstrates the first MRF study for brain-wide, multi-parametric quantification in non-human primates with sub-millimeter resolution.
The current phase of the North American 'opioid crisis' is characterised by illicit fentanyl use; however, the presence of illicit fentanyl in Australia is unknown. This study aimed to monitor unintentional fentanyl consumption in Australia.
Rapid urine drug screens (UDS) paired with surveys conducted within supervised injecting facilities (SIFs) and confirmatory laboratory testing.
Sydney and Melbourne, Australia.
Clients who used heroin within the past 2 days (n= 911 tests, 2017-2021). Participants were demographically similar to the overall client base (median age 43, 72% male).
UDS were conducted using BTNX Rapid Response fentanyl urine strip tests with cross-reactivity to numerous fentanyl analogues. Positive urine samples were analysed using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Surveys covered past 3 day drug use and lifetime report of fentanyl in heroin.
Two percent of participants reported intentional use of fentanyl, mostly through fentanyl patches. Of the 911 rapi among people in Sydney and Melbourne, Australia who regularly inject heroin, suggesting that, currently, there is very little illicit fentanyl in Australian drug markets accessed by supervised injecting facilities attendees. This study demonstrates the feasibility of quick onsite testing to cost-effectively screen large samples for fentanyl; however, the high false positive rate emphasises the need for confirmation of positive tests through advanced analytical techniques.
To determine the influence of age on the ability of tracheal anastomoses to sustain distraction in dogs.
Ex vivo study.
Cadaveric canine tracheae (n=16).
Tracheae were harvested from the cadavers of 8 immature and 8 adult dogs. Each trachea underwent end-to-end annular ligament anastomosis with a simple continuous pattern with 2-0 polypropylene on a taper cut needle. The constructs were tested to failure in distraction, with a tensiometer set at a drop head speed of 50 mm/min, as determined by preliminary testing. Failure was defined by tissue pullthrough or suture material failure. The force and elongation at failure were compared between age groups.
The median age was 5.5months (4-7.5months) in immature dogs and 8.25 years in adult dogs (2-18 years) Tracheal anastomoses failed at lower forces (44.91 ± 59.03 N) but sustained more elongation (39.75 ± 5.45%) in immature dogs than in adult dogs (149.31 ± 45.36 N, P=.007 and 30.57 ± 7.19%, P=.0012, respectively). Tissue apposition was not achieved in 4 specimens each in immature and adult dogs, respectively.
The technique used for tracheal anastomoses in this study failed at lower loads but sustained more elongation when performed in immature dogs.
Immature dogs may be able to withstand longer tracheal resection than adult dogs but reinforcement techniques seem mandatory to improve resistance to tension. Alternative anastomosis techniques should be considered to improve tissue apposition.
Immature dogs may be able to withstand longer tracheal resection than adult dogs but reinforcement techniques seem mandatory to improve resistance to tension. Alternative anastomosis techniques should be considered to improve tissue apposition.
There are few cohorts of type 1 diabetes that follow individuals over more than half a century in terms of health outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine associations between type 1 diabetes, diagnosed before age 18, and long-term morbidity and mortality, and to investigate whether cognitive ability plays a role in long-term morbidity and mortality risk.
In a Swedish cohort, 120 men with type 1 diabetes and 469 without type 1 diabetes were followed between 18 and 77years of age as regards morbidity and mortality outcomes, and impact of cognitive ability at military conscription for the outcomes. In Cox regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier analyses with log-rank tests, associations between diabetes and cognitive ability respectively, and outcomes (mortality, cardiovascular morbidity and diabetes complications) were investigated.
Men with type 1 diabetes suffered from dramatically higher mortality (HR 4.62, 95% CI 3.56-5.60), cardiovascular mortality (HR 5.60, 95% CI 3.27-9.57), and cardiovascular events (HR 3.97, 95% CI 2.79-5.64) compared to men without diabetes. link3 Higher cognitive ability at military conscription was associated with lower mortality in men without diabetes, but was not associated with any outcome in men with diabetes.
In this historical cohort study with 60years of follow-up time and a less effective treatment of diabetes than today, mortality rates and cardiovascular outcomes were high for men with type 1 diabetes. Morbidity or mortality did not differ between those that had low to normal or high cognitive ability among men with type 1 diabetes.
In this historical cohort study with 60 years of follow-up time and a less effective treatment of diabetes than today, mortality rates and cardiovascular outcomes were high for men with type 1 diabetes. Morbidity or mortality did not differ between those that had low to normal or high cognitive ability among men with type 1 diabetes.Controlled stability of proteins is a highly efficient mechanism to direct diverse processes in plants. A key regulatory system for protein stability is given by the CULLIN-RING E3 ligases (CRLs). In this work, MYB43 is identified as a novel target of a CUL4-DDB1-PRL1 (PLEIOTROPIC REGULATORY LOCUS 1)-RING E3 ligase (CRL4PRL1 E3 ligase). Its stability depends on the presence of PRL1, a WD40-containing protein functioning as a substrate receptor of the CRL4 E3 ligases. Genetic studies have indicated that MYB43 is a negative regulator of cadmium (Cd) tolerance in Arabidopsis by transcriptional inhibition of important Cd transporters (HMA2, HMA3 and HMA4), while PRL1 and CUL4 positively regulate Cd tolerance. Expression of CUL4 and PRL1 was enhanced in response to Cd stress, and PRL1 can interact with and target MYB43 for degradation depending on assembly of CRL4PRL1 E3 ligase, and consequently increase the expression of HMA2, HMA3 and HMA4 through attenuating the transcriptional inhibition. HMA2 and HMA4 are shown to transport cadmium ion (Cd2+ ) from the roots of plants to the shoots through the xylem, ultimately increasing the plants' tolerance to Cd stress.
To create a model of the anatomic distribution, recurrence, and growth patterns of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP).
Prospective, multi-institutional cohort study.
Adult patients with a diagnosis of RRP evaluated between August 1, 2018 and February 1, 2021 at six participating centers were invited to enroll. At each office or operating room encounter, laryngologists recorded the location and size of RRP lesions using a 22-region schematic. A generalized linear mixed effects model was used to compare region variations in lesion prevalence and recurrence.
The cohort comprised 121 patients 74% were male, 81% had been diagnosed with adult-onset RRP, and a plurality (34%) had undergone 0 to 3 RRP interventions prior to enrollment. Across the study period, the odds of a lesion occurring in the glottis was significantly higher (odds ratio [OR] 26.51; 95% confidence interval [CI] 11.76-59.75, P < .001) compared with all other areas of the larynx and trachea. Within the true vocal folds, the membranous vocal folds had significantly higher odds (OR 6.16; 95% CI 2.66-14.30, P < .001) of lesion occurrence compared to the cartilaginous vocal folds. Despite these strong trends in lesion distribution, there were no differences in the odds of lesion recurrence, growth, or in the time to recurrence, between anatomic subsites.
RRP lesions are most likely to occur in the glottis, particularly the membranous vocal folds, compared with other regions of the larynx or trachea. However, all lesions demonstrate similar behavior with respect to recurrence, growth, and time to recurrence regardless of anatomic location.
3 Laryngoscope, 2022.
3 Laryngoscope, 2022.
Aortic and aortoiliac thrombosis in dogs causes disease and death.
To describe the procedure and outcomes for stenting the caudal aorta and aortoiliac trifurcation.
Seven client-owned dogs that underwent aortic/aortoiliac stenting for treatment of thrombosis.
Retrospective multi-center investigation. Medical records were reviewed for dogs that underwent stenting of the aorta or aortoiliac trifurcation between 2008 and 2020. Information collected included history, signalment, clinicopathologic data, diagnostic imaging, procedure reports, and outcomes.
Seven dogs with an occlusive thrombus located at or near the aortic trifurcation were included. Four of 7 dogs were non-ambulatory. Hind limbs were paretic in 5 dogs, paralyzed in 1 dog, and claudication alone was noted in 1 dog. Five of the 7 dogs had protein-losing nephropathy (PLN). Of 5 dogs with PLN, 1 had protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) and controlled hypothyroidism and 1 had caudal aortic chondrosarcoma. Two dogs had no identified underlying disease. Angiography was performed before catheter directed thrombolysis and stent placement. No deaths occurred during the procedure. Postoperative complications included pain (4/7), bruising and edema (3/7), bruising only (1/7), and edema only (1/7). Median survival time (MST) of the 7 dogs was 264 days (range, 1-1053 days). Five of 7 dogs were ambulatory within 2 days of stenting and survived to discharge with a MST of 425 days (range, 208-1053 days).
Stenting of the aorta and aortoiliac trifurcation can provide an apparently safe and effective treatment with rapid return to ambulation for some dogs with aortic thrombosis.
Stenting of the aorta and aortoiliac trifurcation can provide an apparently safe and effective treatment with rapid return to ambulation for some dogs with aortic thrombosis.
