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001) and compared to those in the middle age range group from plastic partitions (P = .001).Conclusions Use of masks and plastic partitions in psychiatric practice is recommended, as it may result in reduction of anxiety for infection without affecting patient-doctor communication in patients with psychiatric disorders. Box5 datasheet The generalizability of the results of the present study should be tested.

This study aims to examine the prevalence of postpartum depression and its relationship with social support adjusted for self-perceived impact of COVID-19 in parturient women admitted to a perinatal medical center in Japan.

This cross-sectional study included 513 women who underwent a 1-month postpartum checkup between August 3 and November 27, 2020. Postpartum depression was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Social support was measured using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and the score was dichotomized using the Youden index. Nineteen demographic and obstetric characteristics were also assessed.

Postpartum depression was observed in 35 (7.6%) of 461 women 25 (26.6%) and 10 (2.7%) in the low- and high-support groups, respectively. Women in the low-support group were significantly more likely to have postpartum depression than those in the high-support group (odds ratio [OR], 11.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.4-27.3; p < 0.001). Furthermore, no interaction was observed between social support and the impact of COVID-19 for postpartum depression (p=0.32).

The prevalence of postpartum depression in the study institution was lower than that reported by previous studies in Japan. Moreover, social support was an important predictive factor for postpartum depression during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The prevalence of postpartum depression in the study institution was lower than that reported by previous studies in Japan. Moreover, social support was an important predictive factor for postpartum depression during the COVID-19 pandemic.Vitellogenin receptor (VgR) is crucial for vitellogenin (Vg) uptake by oocytes. VgR is less known in Arachnida, especially in spiders. Different from only one VgR in an arthropod species, two VgRs, VgR-1 and VgR-2, were found in the pond wolf spider, Pardosa pseudoannulata. Both VgRs had the typical domains of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family except for the absence of the ligand-binding domain 1 in VgR-2. Spatiotemporal expression profiles showed that two VgR genes were consistently highly expressed in females and their ovaries, but VgR-1 was 48-fold that of VgR-2 in ovaries. The transcriptional level of VgR-1 was significantly downregulated by RNAi, but it did not work for VgR-2 although several trials were performed. Vg-1 and Vg-2 might be the ligands of VgR-1 because their expressions were also decreased in the dsVgR-1-treated females. Silencing VgR-1 prolonged the pre-oviposition period by 56 h. The expression of VgRs and Vgs were upregulated by juvenile hormones (JHs), which suggested that JHs were the essential factors to vitellogenesis in the spider. The present study revealed the importance of VgR-1 in the spider oviposition, which will improve the understanding on VgR physiological functions in spiders.Hand hygiene is a simple but often ignored practice in health care systems worldwide, but it is integral for nosocomial infection prevention, with many hospital-acquired infections being linked to inadequate hand hygiene practice. At the burns unit in Kamuzu Central Hospital, 50% of patients were found to have acquired pseudomonas infections one of the contributing factors being inadequate hand hygiene. This quality improvement project was part of a course for nurses to introduce change for patient benefit, with the aim of increasing the baseline figures for hand hygiene practices and hand hygiene facilities from 37% and 22%, respectively (baseline collected in November 2019). Using robust, standard quality improvement processes, measures were put in place such as checklists to observe hand hygiene compliance and facilities, appointment of a hand hygiene committee who monitored and sustained activities of the project, procurement and distribution of handrub and placement of hand-washing buckets and soap at strategic points. The project saw an increase in availability of hand-washing facilities to 95.6% and hand hygiene practices increase to >80% within 6 months. The project demonstrates that low cost interventions, led by nurses, can make a real difference to practice in resource poor countries.

Individual unhealthy sleep behaviours have been associated with increased risks of all-cause mortality and deaths due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) or cancer. The evidence regarding the association of sleep patterns with these risks is limited.

To examine the associations of sleep patterns with all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality in a large prospective cohort.

This prospective cohort study included 283,443 adults from UK Biobank without CVD and cancer at baseline. We created a healthy sleep score and sleep patterns combining five individual sleep behaviours.

During a mean (standard deviation) of 8.9 (1.1) years (2.5 million person-years) of follow up, a total of 7936 all-cause deaths, 762 CVD-caused deaths, and 4540 cancer-caused deaths occurred during follow up. One point increase of the healthy sleep score was associated with a 4-11% lower risk of all-cause mortality (Hazard Ratio [HR], 0.94; 95% CI, 0.92-0.96), CVD mortality (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.83-0.95) and cancer mortality (HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-0.99), with adjustment for age, sex, assessment centres, smoking status, alcohol intake status, socioeconomic status and physical activity. Compared with participants with an unfavourable sleep pattern, those with a favourable sleep pattern had 24-42% lower risks of all-cause and CVD mortality. The association with all-cause mortality tended to be stronger among underweight participants and those with insufficient physical activity.

A healthy sleep pattern was associated with lower risks of all-cause mortality and mortality from CVD and cancer. Our findings highlight the importance of improving overall sleep behaviours in lowering mortality.

A healthy sleep pattern was associated with lower risks of all-cause mortality and mortality from CVD and cancer. Our findings highlight the importance of improving overall sleep behaviours in lowering mortality.