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(4) Further, the influencing factors show that the green governance peer effects arise from intra-local government competition under the decentralization of power between the central and local governments. The competition for scales and the relative performance appraisal system reinforces the peer motivation of each subject. (5) The strong correlation of green governance willingness indicates that local governments cannot escape from will-led emotional behavior, and personal interests and governance motivation further drive the formation of pseudo-rational decisions, ultimately leading to irrational group decisions.Low wheat production is linked to soil degradation, low organic matter, temperature variation, and nutrient depletion in soils of semiarid regions. Nitrogen is mostly applied as urea to meet crop requirements; however, excessive N application may pollute the environment and contaminate groundwater. The current studies explored possible ways for decreasing N losses (NH3 volatilization and NO3 leaching) and improving N availability for wheat production in alkaline soil. The ZnO was coated on urea (1% Zn coating) to get zinc-coated urea (ZnU), and both urea and ZnU were incubated in laboratory at recommended rate (RR), i.e., 150 kg N ha-1 and 80% (N of RR), after further coating with inhibitors [N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) at 1% of urea and 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATC) at 2% of urea], thus creating six treatments. The results showed higher NH3-N loss at day 4 and thereafter a decreasing trend reaching to minimum at day 14. The cumulative NH3-N volatilization from urea alone was found higher (28.99 relative NO3 leaching was found lower in 80% N treatments, yet leaching was not significant from either treatment at the three stages of crop growth. Overall, current studies revealed the effectiveness of NBPT-amended urea (followed by ZnU) with 20% saving of N inputs through higher N availability for plant uptake that could benefit growers as well as conserve environment.As environmental pollution brings a series of problems to society and residential lives, how to effectively reduce air pollution and control climate change have become urgent problems. Since institutional quality is an important factor affecting air quality, we evaluated the causal relationship between them based on cross-country panel data from 2000 to 2016. We find that the improvement of institutional quality significantly reduces [Formula see text], and this pollution reduction effect is obvious in high-income countries and in countries with common laws. Furthermore, under the components of institutional quality, the quality of government regulation, the degree of rule of law, corruption control, and government effectiveness have significant emission reduction effects. To explore how institutional quality affects air pollution, we perform mechanism analysis from the perspective of economic development, foreign trade, and technology progress. We further verify three environmental propositions including the Environmental Kuznets Curve, the Pollution Paradise Hypothesis, and Porter Hypothesis. Results show that the pollution reduction effect of institutional quality can be mediated by economic development rate, foreign direct investment, and technological progress. The Environmental Kuznets Curve exists, the Pollution Paradise Hypothesis is validated in countries with lower institutional quality level, and the improvement of the institutional quality can achieve the Porter Effect through technological progress.Cemented tailings backfill (CTB) is the most economical and environmental method to recycle tailings and fly ash (FA) for filling mining, but the high content of FA will weaken its strength property. This paper aims to use calcium formate (CF) as an activator to stimulate the activity of FA, thereby enhancing the mechanical property of CTB. The influence of FA and CF content on the stress-strain behavior, dilatancy deformation, and compressive strength of CTB was investigated using uniaxial compression test and scanning electron microscope. The coupling effect mechanism of FA and CF content on the compressive strength of CTB was revealed. The results show that increasing the content of FA and CF can enhance the bearing capacity of CTB during the dilatancy deformation stage, but the excessive content of FA and CF will lead to the attenuation of peak stress. The relations between FA content, CF content, and the compressive strength of CTB can be characterized by quadratic polynomial. Adding CF can stimulate the activity of insoluble FA, increasing the utilization of FA in CTB and producing rich hydration products to fill the internal defects of CTB. The microstructure of CTB is effectively improved by adding CF, including the size and distribution of microcracks and micropores, so that the strength property of CTB is optimized. However, too much CF will make the microstructure of CTB loose and porous, resulting in more microcracks and micropores. Microcracks propagate and connect with micropores to form defects, which deteriorate the microstructure of CTB, thus weakening the strength parameters of CTB. This study provides a method to increase the utilization of FA in CTB, which is of great significance for strengthening the mechanical properties of CTB and improving engineering economic benefits.Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been demonstrated to threaten public health and increase lung cancer risk. Selleck Dibenzazepine DNA damage is involved in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. However, the mechanisms of epigenetic modification of lung DNA damage are still unclear. This study developed a real-world air PM2.5 inhalation system and exposed rats for 1 and 2 months, respectively, and investigated rat lungs pathological changes, inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage effects. OGG1 and MTH1 expression was measured, along with their DNA methylation status and related miRNAs expression. The results showed that PM2.5 exposure led to pathological injury, influenced levels of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress factors in rat lungs. Of note, 2-month PM2.5 exposure aggravated pathological injury. Besides, PM2.5 significantly elevated OGG1 expression and suppressed MTH1 expression, which was correlated to oxidative stress and partially mediated by reducing OGG1 DNA methylation status and increasing miRNAs expression related to MTH1 in DNA damage with increases of γ-H2AX, 8-OHdG and GADD153. PM2.5 also activated c-fos and c-jun levels and inactivated PTEN levels in rat lungs. These suggested that epigenetic modification was probably a potential mechanism by which PM2.5-induced genotoxicity in rat lungs.China's efforts to curb air pollution have drastically reduced its concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from 2013 to 2018 nationwide. However, few studies examined the most recent changes in PM2.5 concentrations and questioned if the previous PM2.5 declining trend was sustained or not. This study took a deep dive into the PM2.5 trend for 136 northern cities of China from 2015 to early 2020 before the coronavirus disease 2019 (the COVID-19 hereafter) crisis, using ground-based PM2.5 data notably adjusted for a key measurement method change. We find that mean PM2.5 concentrations in northern China increased by 5.16 µg/m3 in 2019, offsetting 80% of the large reduction achieved in 2018. The rebound was more significant during the heating seasons (HS; Nov to next Mar) over the 2 years 10.49 µg/m3 from the 2017 HS to the 2019 HS. A multiple linear regression analysis further revealed that anthropogenic factors contributed to around 50% of the PM2.5 rebound in northern cities of China. Such a significant role of anthropogenic factors in driving the rebound was tightly linked to deep cuts in PM2.5 concentrations in the previous year, systemic adjustment of policy targets and mitigation measures by the government, and the rising marginal cost of these measures. These findings suggest the need to chart a more sustainable path for future PM2.5 emission reductions, with an emphasis on key regions during key pollution periods.This study was carried out to determine the concentration of selected heavy metals in common cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) caught in the south west of Mediterranean Sea (Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia). To reach this objective, cuttlefish samples were collected from each area (Sfax and Djerba) situated along the Gulf of Gabes, and the concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd) were measured in the gills, gonads, digestive glands, and muscles. Sample preparation and quantification of the metals were accomplished via the wet digestion method and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The levels of heavy metals varied significantly among organs and sites. In fact, the population from Sfax (Gargour) shows the highest concentrations of copper, zinc, and lead compared to the population from Djerba. Globally, recorded metal concentrations were within the range or below the levels in similar species from other regions across the world. To our knowledge, this study is the first that interests to the bioaccumulation of metals in this cuttlefish species from the two investigated areas and to the evaluation of their levels in different tissues.Dichlorprop (2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) propionic acid, DCPP), a commonly used herbicide for weed control, can be residually detected in soil. It is still unclear whether chiral DCPP exerts an enantioselective adverse effect on plant metabolism and the microbial community of the phyllosphere. In this study, we selected Arabidopsis thaliana as a model plant to explore the effects of R- and S-DCPP enantiomers on plant physiological activities, metabolism, and associated changes in the phyllosphere microbial community. Results indicated that the fresh weight of plants decreased by 37.6% after R-DCPP treatment, whereas it increased by 7.6% after S-DCPP treatment. The R-DCPP enantiomer also caused stronger disturbance to leaf morphology, mesophyll cell structure, and leaf metabolites compared with S-DCPP. GC-MS analysis of DCPP-treated Arabidopsis leaves pointed out a differential profile mostly in carbohydrates, organic acids, and fatty acids, between S-DCPP and R-DCPP treatments. The diversity of phyllospheric microorganisms decreased and the stability of microbial community in the phyllosphere increased after R-DCPP treatment, whereas the opposite result was detected after S-DCPP exposure. The correlation analysis revealed that chiral herbicides may affect microbial communities in the phyllosphere by influencing leaf metabolism, while sugars and terpenoids were considered the main factors in reshaping the microbial community structure in the phyllosphere. Our study provides a new perspective for evaluating the effect of residual DCPP enantiomers on plant physiology and corresponding phyllosphere microorganism changes via the regulation of leaf metabolism, and clarifies the ecological risk of DCPP enantiomer application in agriculture.Phycoremediation of swine wastewater is a promising treatment since it efficiently removes nutrients and contaminants and, simultaneously, its biomass can be harvested and used to obtain a wide range of valuable compounds and metabolites. In this context, biomass microalgae were investigated for the phycoremediation of swine wastewater, and biomass extracts for its virucidal effect against enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. Microalgae were cultivated in a pilot scale bioreactor fed with swine wastewater as the growth substrate. Hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol were used to obtain the microalgae extracts. Extracts were tested for virucidal potential against HSV-1 and HAdV-5. Virucidal assays were conducted at temperatures that emulate environmental conditions (21 °C) and body temperature (37 °C). The maximum production of microalgae biomass reached a concentration of 318.5 ± 23.6 mgDW L-1. The results showed that phycoremediation removed 100% of ammonia-N and phosphate-P, with rates (k1) of 0.218 ± 0.013 and 0.