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Seo associated with health care squander recycling where possible community considering disposal capability bottlenecks within a novel coronavirus pneumonia break out.
Koala populations in many areas of Australia have declined sharply in response to habitat loss, disease and the effects of climate change. Koalas may face further morbidity from endemic mosquito-borne viruses, but the impact of such viruses is currently unknown. Few seroprevalence studies in the wild exist and little is known of the determinants of exposure. Here, we exploited a large, spatially and temporally explicit koala survey to define the intensity of Ross River Virus (RRV) exposure in koalas residing in urban coastal environments in southeast Queensland, Australia. We demonstrate that RRV exposure in koalas is much higher (> 80%) than reported in other sero-surveys and that exposure is uniform across the urban coastal landscape. Uniformity in exposure is related to the presence of the major RRV mosquito vector, Culex annulirostris, and similarities in animal movement, tree use, and age-dependent increases in exposure risk. Elevated exposure ultimately appears to result from the confinement of remaining coastal koala habitat to the edges of permanent wetlands unsuitable for urban development and which produce large numbers of competent mosquito vectors. The results further illustrate that koalas and other RRV-susceptible vertebrates may serve as useful sentinels of human urban exposure in endemic areas.Acquired and inherited retinal disorders are responsible for vision loss in an increasing proportion of individuals worldwide. PD-1/PD-L1 tumor Photoreceptor (PR) death is central to the vision loss individuals experience in these various retinal diseases. Unfortunately, there is a lack of treatment options to prevent PR loss, so an urgent unmet need exists for therapies that improve PR survival and ultimately, vision. The retina is one of the most energy demanding tissues in the body, and this is driven in large part by the metabolic needs of PRs. Recent studies suggest that disruption of nutrient availability and regulation of cell metabolism may be a unifying mechanism in PR death. Understanding retinal cell metabolism and how it is altered in disease has been identified as a priority area of research. The focus of this review is on the recent advances in the understanding of PR metabolism and how it is critical to reduction-oxidation (redox) balance, the outer retinal metabolic ecosystem, and retinal disease. The importance of these metabolic processes is just beginning to be realized and unraveling the metabolic and redox pathways integral to PR health may identify novel targets for neuroprotective strategies that prevent blindness in the heterogenous group of retinal disorders.As the burden of neurodegenerative diseases increases, time-limited clinic encounters do not allow quantification of complex neurological functions. Patient-collected digital biomarkers may remedy this, if they provide reliable information. However, psychometric properties of digital tools remain largely un-assessed. We developed a smartphone adaptation of the cognitive test, the Symbol-Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) by randomizing the test's symbol-number codes and testing sequences. The smartphone SDMT showed comparable psychometric properties in 154 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and 39 healthy volunteers (HV). E.g., smartphone SDMT achieved slightly higher correlations with cognitive subscores of neurological examinations and with brain injury measured by MRI (R2 = 0.75, Rho = 0.83, p less then 0.0001) than traditional SDMT. Mathematical adjustment for motoric disability of the dominant hand, measured by another smartphone test, compensates for the disadvantage of touch-based test. Averaging granular home measurements of the digital biomarker also increases accuracy of identifying true neurological decline.
We previously reported results from a randomized trial showing that a behavioral intervention during pregnancy reduced excess gestational weight gain but did not impact maternal weight at 12 months. We now examine the longer-term effects of this prenatal intervention on maternal postpartum weight retention and toddler body-mass-index z scores (BMIz) over 36 months.
Pregnant women (N = 264; 13.7 weeks' gestation; 41.6% Hispanic) with overweight or obesity were randomized into usual care or prenatal intervention. Anthropometric assessments in mothers and toddlers occurred at baseline, 35 weeks' gestation and after delivery at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months.
At 36 months, prenatal intervention vs. usual care had no significant effect on the proportion of participants who returned to their early pregnancy weight or below (33.3% vs. 39.5%; p = 0.12) and had no effect on the magnitude of weight retained (2.8 [0.8, 4.8] vs 3.0 kg [1.0, 4.9], respectively; mean difference = 0.14 [-3.0, 2.7]). There was also no stustain improved maternal weight management initiated during pregnancy, continued intervention during the postpartum years may be needed.
Technology holds promise for delivery of accessible, individualized, and destigmatized obesity prevention and treatment to youth.
This review examined the efficacy of recent technology-based interventions on weight outcomes.
Seven databases were searched in April 2020 following PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria were participants aged 1-18 y, use of technology in a prevention/treatment intervention for overweight/obesity; weight outcome; randomized controlled trial (RCT); and published after January 2014. link2 Random effects models with inverse variance weighting estimated pooled mean effect sizes separately for treatment and prevention interventions. PD-1/PD-L1 tumor Meta-regressions examined the effect of technology type (telemedicine or technology-based), technology purpose (stand-alone or adjunct), comparator (active or no-contact control), delivery (to parent, child, or both), study type (pilot or not), child age, and intervention duration.
In total, 3406 records were screened for inclusion; 55 studies representingsed prevention interventions. link3 Research is needed to determine the comparative effectiveness of technology-based interventions to gold-standard interventions and elucidate the potential for mHealth/eHealth to increase scalability and reduce costs while maximizing impact.
Recent technology-based interventions for the treatment of pediatric obesity show small effects on weight; however, evidence is inconclusive on the efficacy of technology based prevention interventions. Research is needed to determine the comparative effectiveness of technology-based interventions to gold-standard interventions and elucidate the potential for mHealth/eHealth to increase scalability and reduce costs while maximizing impact.
Ambient air pollution may play a role in childhood obesity development, but evidence is scarce, and the modifying role of socioeconomic status (SES) is unclear. We aimed to examine the association between exposure to air pollution during early childhood and subsequent risk of developing overweight and obesity, and to evaluate whether SES is a modifier of this association.
This longitudinal study included 416,955 children identified as normal weight between 2-5 years old and registered in an electronic primary healthcare record between 2006 and 2016 in Catalonia (Spain). Children were followed-up until they developed overweight or obesity, reached 15 years of age, died, transferred out, or end of study period (31/12/2018). Overweight and obesity were defined following the WHO reference obtained from height and weight measures. We estimated annual residential census levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO
) and particulate matter <10 μm (PM
), <2.5 μm (PM
), and 2.5-10 μm (PM
) at study entry. We estimatedood obesity are clear.
This study suggests that early life exposure to air pollution may be associated with a small increase in the risk of developing overweight and obesity in childhood, and that this association may be exacerbated in the most deprived areas. Even these small associations are of potential global health importance because air pollution exposure is widespread and the long-term health consequences of childhood obesity are clear.
Childhood obesity is one of the most common and costly nutritional problems with high heritability. The genetic mechanism of childhood obesity remains unclear. Here, we conducted a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) to identify novel genes for childhood obesity.
By integrating the GWAS summary of childhood body mass index (BMI), we conducted TWAS analyses with pre-computed gene expression weights in 39 obesity priority tissues. The GWAS summary statistics of childhood BMI were derived from the early growth genetics consortium with 35,668 children from 20 studies.
We identified 15 candidate genes for childhood BMI after Bonferroni corrections. The most significant gene, ADCY3, was identified in 13 tissues, including adipose, brain, and blood. Interestingly, eight genes were only identified in the specific tissue, such as FAIM2 in the brain (P = 2.04 × 10
) and fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) in the muscle (P = 1.93 × 10
). Compared with the TWAS results of adult BMI, we found that one gene TUBA1B with predominant influence only on childhood BMI in the muscle (P = 1.12 × 10
). We evaluated the candidate genes by querying public databases and identified 12 genes functionally related to obesity phenotypes, including nine differentially expressed genes during the differentiation of human preadipocyte cells. The remaining genes (FAM150B, KNOP1, and LMBR1L) were regarded as novel candidate genes for childhood BMI.
Our study identified multiple candidate genes for childhood BMI, providing novel clues for understanding the genetic mechanism of childhood obesity.
Our study identified multiple candidate genes for childhood BMI, providing novel clues for understanding the genetic mechanism of childhood obesity.
The Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends gestational weight gain (GWG) of 5-9 kg in women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m
. link2 Debate continues as to whether GWG less than that recommended is safe in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The study objective was to examine maternal and infant outcomes for obese women with GDM who lost weight or gained 0-5 kg during pregnancy.
A 7-year retrospective cohort study of pregnancy outcomes for obese women with GDM recorded in the Atlantic Diabetes in Pregnancy database was conducted. We examined pregnancy outcomes for mothers with GDM and a BMI ≥ 30 who either lost weight or gained 0-5 kg (Group 1, n = 237) and women who gained 5-9 kg (Group 2, n = 77). PD-1/PD-L1 tumor We further divided groups 1 and 2 into women treated by diet only (GDM-D) (n = 120) and those requiring additional treatment with insulin (GDM-I) (n = 194).
GDM-D women in Group 1 were more likely to deliver earlier (38.9 vs 39.8 weeks, p < 0.01), to develop pregnancy induced hypertension (PInded for routine clinical use.This study aimed at exploring microalgal heterogeneity from fresh water samples collected from inland water bodies in the heavily built city of Singapore. Culturable pure isolates (n = 94) were subject to an in-house microalgal DNA extraction method and LSU rDNA sequencing. link3 Isolates were analysed for their predominance and distribution. A total of 17 different algal genera were identified (H = 2.8, EH = 0.6), of which Scenedesmus spp. and Chlorella spp. link2 constituted 27.5% and 21.3% of isolates respectively, followed by Micractinium spp. (18.8%) and Chlamydomonas spp. link3 (12.5%). We also report 16 new microalgal strains from this region. The data is important from an ecological and biotechnological perspective.
