Hopperabernathy9542

Nanometer-thin carbon nanomembranes (CNMs) are promising candidates for efficient separation processes due to their thinness and intrinsic well-defined pore structure. This work used radioactive tracer molecules to characterize diffusion of [3H]H2O, [14C]NaHCO3, and [32P]H3PO4 through a p-[1,1',4',1″]-terphenyl-4-thiol (TPT) CNM in aqueous solution. The experimental setup consisted of two microcompartments separated by a CNM-covered micropore. Tracers were added to one compartment and their time-dependent increase in the other compartment was monitored. Occurring concentration polarization and outgassing effects were fully considered using a newly developed mathematical model. Our findings are consistent with previous gas/vapor permeation measurements. Phenylbutyrate supplier The high sensitivity toward a small molecule flow rate enables quantification of diffusion through micron-sized CNMs in aqueous solution. Furthermore, the results allow unambiguous distinction between intact and defective membranes. Even for extremely small membrane areas, this method allows detailed insight into the transmembrane transport properties, which is crucial for the design of 2D-separation membranes.Bismuth-based perovskites are attracting intense scientific interest due to low toxicity and excellent moisture stability compared to lead-based analogues. However, high exciton binding energy, poor charge carrier separation, and transport efficiencies lower their optoelectronic performances. To address these issues, we have integrated an electronically active organic cation, naphthalimide ethylammonium, between the [BiI52-] n chains via crystal engineering to form a novel perovskite-like material (naphthalimide ethylammonium)2BiI5 (NBI). Single crystal analysis revealed a one-dimensional quantum-well structure for NBI in which inter-inorganic well electronic coupling is screened by organic layers. It exhibited anisotropic photoconductivity and long-lived charge carriers with milliseconds lifetime, which is higher than that of CH3NH3PbI3. Density functional theory calculations confirmed type-IIa band alignment between organic cations and inorganic chains, allowing the former to electronically contribute to the overall charge transport properties of the material.Charge transfer between dissimilar atoms is an essential step for many chemical processes such as corrosion and heterogeneous catalysis, but directly probing the charge transfer has been a challenge. Using the oxygen-copper system as an example, we show that synchrotron-based ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy can be employed to monitor the charge transfer between adsorbates and metal surfaces. It is shown that oxygen chemisorption on Cu surfaces results in an Auger process that differs from the photoexcitation-induced Coster-Kroning transition and can be used to derive the degree of charge transfer in combination with ab initio calculations. The identified chemisorption-induced Auger process may have broader implications for its use as a fingerprint to monitor bond formation and charge transfer between dissimilar atoms.We investigate the intrinsic characteristics of resonance energy transfer (RET) coupled with localized surface plasmon polaritons (LSPPs) from the perspective of macroscopic quantum electrodynamics. To quantify the effect of LSPPs, we propose a numerical scheme that allows us to accurately calculate the rate of RET between a donor-acceptor pair near a nanoparticle. Our study shows that LSPPs can be used to enhance the RET rate significantly and control its frequency dependence by modifying a core/shell structure, which indicates the possibility of RET rate optimization. Moreover, we systematically explore the angle (distance) dependence of the RET rate and analyze its origin. According to different frequency regimes, the angle dependence of RET is dominated by different mechanisms, such as LSPPs, surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), and anti-resonance. For the proposed core/shell structure, the characteristic distance of RET coupled with LSPPs (approximately 0.05 emission wavelength) is shorter than that of RET coupled with SPPs (approximately 0.1 emission wavelength), which may provide promising applications in energy science.Understanding the unique features of catalysts is a complex matter as it requires quantitative analysis with a relatively large selection of catalyst data. Here, unique features of each catalyst within the oxidative methane of coupling (OCM) reaction are investigated by combining data science and high throughput experimental data. Visualization of high-throughput OCM data reveals that there are several groups of catalysts based on their response against experimental conditions. Unsupervised machine learning, in particular, the Gaussian mixture model, classifies the OCM catalysts into six groups based on similarity in catalytic activities. Data visualization and parallel coordinates unveil the unique catalytic features of each classified group. Each classified group is statistically analyzed where unique features of each group are defined in term of C2 selectivity, CH4 conversion, and their composition in each calssified group. Thus, systematic design of catalysts can be achieved in principle on the basis of the unique features of catalysts uncovered via data science.Autler-Townes (AT) splitting has been experimentally observed in the optical transition between the zero-point levels of S1 and S0 for supersonically cooled 2-methoxythiophenol, 2-fluorothiophenol, and 2-chlorothiophenol. This is the first experimental observation of the light-dressed quantum states of polyatomic molecules (N > 3) in the electronic transition. In the resonance-enhanced ionization process involving the optically coupled states, if Rabi cycling is ensured within the nanosecond laser pulse, AT splitting is clearly observed for the open system for which the excited-state lifetime is shorter than hundreds of picoseconds. Semiclassical optical Bloch equations and a dressed-atom approach based on the three-level atomic model describe the experiment quite well, giving deep insights into the light-matter interaction in polyatomic molecular systems.