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The CNT-PEG-hydrogel film could detect the typical saliva glucose level (0-50 mg L-1) in 10% saliva with a good responsivity. To sum up, this new tool with low-fouling film featuring high stability, specificity, and selectivity holds great potential for non-invasive monitoring of saliva glucose in human physiological levels.Nanofabrication techniques that can generate large and complex 3D structures with nanoscale features are becoming increasingly important in the fields of biomedicine, micro-optics, and microfluidics. Direct laser writing via two-photon polymerization (DLW-TPP) is one such technique that relies on nonlinear absorption of light to form nanoscale 3D features. Although DLW-TPP provides the required nanoscale resolution, its built height is often limited to less than a millimetre. This height limitation is driven by the need to tightly focus the laser beam at arbitrary depths within the photopolymer. This requirement necessitates matching the photopolymer's refractive index to specific values but the required techniques have not been disseminated widely in the open scientific literature. To address this knowledge gap, we test two universal, different approaches to generate refractive index-matched polymeric and preceramic resins and demonstrate their performance by printing of fine submicron features in 3D structures as tall as 2.5 mm. Specifically, we achieve index-matching by mixing commercially-available resins or covalent modification of functional monomers. This work investigates the relationship of voxel shape to RI mismatch, and presents tuning of RI through mixing and covalent modification to a nonconventional material system of preceramic resin which has never been demonstrated before. We demonstrate the material flexibility by generating 3D silicon oxycarbide structures from preceramic resists while simultaneously eliminating the part-height limitation of conventional DLW-TPP.A novel bacterial cellulose (BC)-based nanofiber material has been utilized as an ionic template for the battery system solid polymer electrolyte (SPE). The effect of drying techniques such as oven and freeze-drying on the gel-like material indicate differences in both visual and porous structures. The morphological structure of BC after oven and freeze-drying observed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy indicates that a more compact porous structure is found in freeze-dried BC than oven-dried BC. After the BC-based nanofiber immersion process into lithium hexafluorophosphate solution (1.0 M), the porous structure becomes a host for Li-ions, demonstrated by significant interactions between Li-ions from the salt and the C[double bond, length as m-dash]O groups of freeze-dried BC as shown in the infrared spectra. X-ray diffraction analysis of freeze-dried BC after immersion in electrolyte solution shows a lower degree of crystallinity, thus allowing an increase in Li-ion movement. As a result, freeze-dried BC has a better ionic conductivity of 2.71 × 10-2 S cm-1 than oven-dried BC, 6.00 × 10-3 S cm-1. Freeze-dried BC as SPE also shows a larger electrochemical stability window around 3.5 V, reversible oxidation/reduction peaks at 3.29/3.64 V, and an initial capacity of 18 mAHr g-1 at 0.2C. The high tensile strength of the freeze-dried BC membrane of 334 MPa with thermal stability up to 250 °C indicates the potential usage of freeze-dried BC as flexible SPE to dampen ionic leakage transfer.The expansion of metakaolinite layers with stacking order and the order destruction were examined by the heat treatment of a kaolinite-tetraphenylphosphonium chloride intercalation compound (Kaol-TPhPCl) at 540 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere followed by the manual grinding of the product using a mortar and a pestle. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and solid-state 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with magic angle spinning revealed the kaolinite dehydroxylation. Moreover, the absence of kaolinite diffraction lines and the appearance of the 1.85 nm diffraction line in the X-ray diffraction pattern, together with the observation of the hexagonal plate-like morphology in the field-emission scanning electron microscopy, indicated the kaolinite amorphization with the orderly-stacked layers. These results, along with the disappearance of the 1.85 nm diffraction line upon the manual grinding of heat-treated Kaol-TPhPCl, clearly indicated the formation of expanded metakaolinite layers with stacking order and the subsequent order destruction by manual grinding.The purpose of this study was synthesis of photoluminescent nanoparticles for detection of toxic metal ions. Also, these controllable magnetic nanocomposites were used for detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. Carbon nano-templates were formed by calcination and sonication of lemon extract as a bio-compatible precursor. Then MgFe2O4 nanoparticles were incorporated on the carbon nano-templates. The composite was calcinated to decompose carbon and obtain hollow structures. Finally, photoluminescent carbon dots were deposited on the porous magnesium ferrite core. Because of the hollow structure, carbon dots can diffuse to the Mg-ferrite core so magnetic and photoluminescence properties are available simultaneously. Photoluminescence intensity decreases with increasing Ni(ii), Cd(ii), Hg(ii) metal ions and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results show an effective nanostructure for identification of toxic metal ions and also bacteria.The interlacing of biopolymers and synthetic polymers is a promising strategy to fabricate hydrogel-based tissue scaffolds to biomimic a natural extracellular matrix for cell growth. Herein, open-cellular macroporous 3D scaffolds with a semi-interpenetrating network were fabricated through high internal phase emulsion templating. The scaffolds are prepared by (I) the curing of PEG diacrylate (PEGDAC) and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) in the continuous aquatic phase of a coconut oil-in-water emulsion stabilized by GelMA nanoparticles, and (II) the removal of the internal phase. Alexidine mouse The effect of the main contributing parameters such as pH, GelMA content, and GelMA/PEGDAC weight ratio on the emulsion features was investigated systematically. Due to the isoelectric point of GelMA at around pH 6, the GelMA particle (aggregation) size decreased at both sides of pH from 1000 to 100-140 nm because of the increased number of positive and negative charges on GelMA. These GelMA nanoparticles were able to produce stable emulsions with narrowly distributed small emulsion droplets. Moreover, the stability and emulsion droplet size were enhanced and increased, respectively, with GelMA content increasing and GelMA/PEGDAC weight ratio decreasing. These trends lie in the prevented coalescence phenomenon caused by the improved viscosity and likely partially formed network by GelMA chains in the continuous phase. Hence, the following formulation was selected for scaffold preparation φ oil = 74%, pH = 12, GeMA = 4 wt%, and GelMA/PEGDAC = 10/8. Then, PCL in different contents was infiltrated into the scaffold to balance hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity. The cell culture assay proved that the scaffold with a pore size of 60-180 μm and containing 51.2 wt% GelMA, 10.3 wt% PEG, and PCL 27.2 wt% provided a suitable microenvironment for mouse fibroblast cell (L929) adhesion, growth, and spreading. These results show that this strategy suggests promising culture for tissue engineering applications.The ability to selectively transesterify β-keto esters is a useful transformation in organic synthesis. The increasing interest in transesterification for the synthesis of compounds of pharmaceutical importance, as well as for biodiesel production, has led to the development of a variety of different approaches. This article aims to summarise recent advances in the transesterifications of β-keto esters. Particular interest has been paid to methodologies with minimal environmental impact.Catalyst-free [3+2] cycloaddition coupling between [Re n (N3) n (CO)3n L] (n = 1, L = 1-ethyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)benzimidazole (L1) and n = 2, L = 1,1'-(hexane-1,6-diyl)bis[2-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole] (L2)) and dimethyl acetylene dicarboxylate (DMAD) afforded mono- and binuclear triazolate complexes. Spectroscopic data presented unambiguous evidence for isomerization of the kinetically formed N(1) bound triazolate isomer into the N(2) analogue. The solvatochromism properties were assessed by UV/Vis spectroscopy with the aid of time dependent density functional theory calculations. The free ligands and their tricarbonyl triazolato Re(i) complexes were screened for their potential antimicrobial activity against different bacterial and fungal pathogens.Soybean protein isolate (SPI) shows a broad application prospect in the food and packaging industry. However, its inferior mechanical properties and water resistance limit its application. In this work, a series of SPI-based composite films were prepared by combining with cellulose nanofiber (CNF), graphene oxide (GO), GO/CNF, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EDGE) or GO/CNF/EGDE. The results show that by adding a small amount of reinforced materials (3%), the water resistance, hydrophilicity, mechanical properties and thermal stability of composite films were improved. The filling effect and hydrogen bonding of the reinforcing materials contribute to the formation of film structure. EGDE cross-link SPI with CNF and GO build a chemical network to improve the properties of the film. In addition, they could make a synergistic effect to better enhance the performance of a protein film. Therefore, the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the SGCE film reached 469.21% and 367.58%, respectively.A method for the synthesis of indazoles was developed which involves a copper(ii) acetate catalysed reaction of 2-formylboronic acids with diazadicaboxylates followed by acid or base induced ring closure. Hydrazine dicarboxylates were also shown as competent reaction partners for the synthesis of indazoles, however, they required a stoichiometric amount of copper(ii) acetate for the C-N bond formation step. The transformation can be efficiently performed as a two step-one pot procedure to give a range of 1N-alkoxycarbonyl indazoles.Herein, a series of NSF0.05Mn4+,0.04K+@GQD (NSF Na2SiF6, GQDs Cl-containing graphene quantum dot) phosphors was prepared. Double enhancement effects on the luminescent intensity and thermal stability triggered by the GQD coating were observed for the optimal sample as follows (a) its PL intensity was 1.72 times that of the uncoated control sample and (b) its luminescent thermal stability was greatly enhanced, with integrated PL intensities of 120, 150 and 180 °C to 179.7%, 175.8%, and 119.3% of the initial value at 25 °C, respectively. It is proposed that the above-mentioned behaviors involve a change in some of the thermal energy into light energy via a phonon-induced mechanism. The thermal stability analysis results showed that the optimal sample is suitable for application in high-power WLEDs. Specifically, warm white light with a low correlated color temperature, high luminescent efficiency and high color rendering index was obtained from the prototype WLEDs using the optimal sample as a red-emitting component.