Humphreybeach8275
We assessed the ciliary beating frequency and histological characteristics. We found that nebulized trehalose did not lead to marked alteration in ciliary beating frequency and morphology of the epithelial cultures. The in vitro testing approach used here may enable the early selection of excipients for future development of inhalation products.2-Amino-3-methylimidazole[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) is a harmful substance, mainly existing in protein-abundant thermally processed foods and polluted environments. This study investigated the hepatotoxicity of IQ by exposing zebrafish model organisms at 0, 8, 80, and 800 ng/mL concentrations for 35 days and was supposed to reveal the mechanism of IQ-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver. The results showed that, after IQ exposure, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in zebrafish liver increased significantly; meanwhile, significantly increased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-12 (IL-12) levels induced severe oxidative stress and inflammation; however, glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione s-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels significantly decreased. The results indicated that the increased IQ exposure gradually aggravated pathological changes of zebrafish liver tissue (irregular cell morphology, cytoplasmic vacuolation, and inflammatory cell infiltration) and induced significant liver damage at last. Alterations in the expressions of genes and proteins involved in the IQ-induced TLR4/MAPK and TLR4/NF-κB pathways can elucidate the mechanism of its hepatotoxicity. The study provides evidence of IQ-induced hepatotoxicity and helps to draw attention to the health risks of dietary and environmental exposure to IQ.
Light therapy is a non-pharmacological therapy that is currently being studied in cancer-related symptoms and is certificated as a low-risk intervention by FDA. Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is the most common symptom reported by cancer patients.
To examine the effectiveness of light therapy for CRF in cancer patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
We conducted a systematic review of 4 electronic databases targeted randomized clinical trials evaluating light therapy for CRF (CRD42020215446), from inception to May 2021. The primary outcome was changes of CRF scores; secondary outcomes included depression, sleep, and quality of life (QoL). We quantitatively pooled outcomes using meta-analysis with random-effects models and assessed methodological bias.
We identified thirteen RCTs representing 551 cancer patients, encompassing breast (n=5), ovarian or endometrial (n=1), multiple myeloma (n=1), lung (n=1), or combined (n=5) cancers. The comparison groups included dim light (n=12) and waiting list (n=1). Duration of intervention ranged from 1 to 12 weeks. Light intensities ranged from 417.9 to 12,000 lux. Light therapy was associated with a significant improvement in CRF (SMD = 0.45, p = 0.007), depression (SMD = -0.26, p = 0.03) and sleep difficulty (SMD = -2.46, p = 0.0006); a statistically non-significant trend was observed for QoL (SMD = 0.33, p = 0.09). Funnel plots for CRF suggest not significant publication bias.
Light therapy could be a feasible and effective option for improving CRF in cancer patients. Larger sample, rigor trials design and a standard protocol of intervention are needed to draw more conclusive conclusions.
Light therapy could be a feasible and effective option for improving CRF in cancer patients. Larger sample, rigor trials design and a standard protocol of intervention are needed to draw more conclusive conclusions.
Preparing family caregivers, cognitively, emotionally, and behaviorally, for their relative's death is an actionable component of high-quality end-of-life care. We aimed to examine the never-before-examined associations of conjoint cognitive prognostic awareness and emotional preparedness for death with caregiving outcomes and end-of-life care received by cancer patients.
For this longitudinal study, associations of death-preparedness states (no-death-preparedness, cognitive-death-preparedness-only, emotional-death-preparedness-only, and sufficient-death-preparedness states) with subjective caregiving burden, depressive symptoms, and quality of life (QOL) and patients' end-of-life care (chemotherapy/immunotherapy, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, intensive care unit care, intubation, mechanical ventilation support, vasopressors, nasogastric tube feeding, and hospice care) were evaluated using multivariate hierarchical linear and logistic regression modeling, respectively, for 377 caregivers in cancer patienheir relative's death may facilitate more favorable end-of-life-caregiving outcomes and may limit potentially nonbeneficial end-of-life care.
Family caregivers' death-preparedness states were associated with caregiving outcomes and their relative's end-of-life care. Cultivating caregivers' accurate prognostic awareness and improving their emotional preparedness for their relative's death may facilitate more favorable end-of-life-caregiving outcomes and may limit potentially nonbeneficial end-of-life care.
The impact of psychological factors on pain levels continues to be of interest throughout a cancer patient's journey. The relationship between pain and optimism has been described previously in patients with various diseases.
We further investigated the effect of optimism on pain levels felt by patients diagnosed and living with cancer before and after surgery.
The search strategy for relevant articles from inception through June 2020 included 5 databases. The main outcome of interest was the effect of optimism on cancer-related pain.
We identified 482 studies. After the full-text screening, seven articles meeting the inclusion criteria were included. Seven studies were analyzed and are included in the data table. Of the seven included articles, four articles described the association of optimism with cancer pain; four articles studied the relationship between optimism and chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP), and one article investigated optimism's relationship with acute postsurgical pain (APSP). All articles observed a negative correlation between optimism and pain levels.
Despite the differences in the pathophysiology of pain types investigated, and which stage of the patient's journey pain was experienced, all studies reported a negative association with the level of optimism and pain described by patients. Therefore, promoting and supporting psychological coping techniques, including optimism for cancer patients may decrease patients' suffering, increase their quality of life at different cancer stages, and reduce opioid use.
Despite the differences in the pathophysiology of pain types investigated, and which stage of the patient's journey pain was experienced, all studies reported a negative association with the level of optimism and pain described by patients. Therefore, promoting and supporting psychological coping techniques, including optimism for cancer patients may decrease patients' suffering, increase their quality of life at different cancer stages, and reduce opioid use.
Pain is one of the most complex and prevalent symptoms in the cancer population. Despite the protective role of acute cancer-related pain, it is also an important predictor for the likelihood of developing chronic pain after cancer treatment.
Since the last systematic review on pain prevalence rates during cancer treatment dates already from 2016, the aim of the present systematic review was to provide an overview of pain prevalence rates during cancer treatment since this previous review.
A systematic search of the literature, including studies between 2014 and 2020, was conducted using the databases Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane. Studies reporting pain prevalence rates during or within three months after curative cancer treatment were included. Title/abstract and full-text were screened double-blinded, followed by independent evaluation of the risk of bias. All prevalence rates were pooled within meta-analyses and a meta-regression was performed to clarify the amount of heterogent of adequate pain assessment and pain management approaches during cancer treatment.
Patients with gastric cancer experience health-related quality of life (HRQOL) decline during adjuvant chemotherapy following gastrectomy.
This pilot study aimed to evaluate the preliminary effect and feasibility of electro-acupuncture (EA) for HRQOL and symptom burden in these patients.
In this open-label, multi-center, parallel controlled trial, gastric cancer patients who planned to receive adjuvant chemotherapy were randomly assigned to receive high-dose EA (seven times each chemotherapy cycle for three cycles), low-dose EA (three times each chemotherapy cycle), or usual care only. The acupoints prescription consisted of bilateral ST36, PC6, SP4, and DU20, EX-HN3, and selected Back-shu points. Patients completed the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Gastric (FACT-Ga) weekly, and the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS). The primary outcome was the difference among the groups on the gastric cancer subscale (GaCS) of the FACT-Ga.
Of the 66 randomized patients, 58 were analyzed according t powered trials are feasible and needed to confirm the specific effect of EA.
Depressive symptoms are prevalent and associated with greater healthcare utilization among hospitalized adults with cancer. Music therapy and massage therapy are available at many National Cancer Institute (NCI)-Designated Cancer Centers and recommended by the American Society of Clinical Oncology for depressive symptoms, but a paucity of studies have compared these two therapies.
We conducted a retrospective, multi-method program evaluation of single, first-time music therapy and massage therapy sessions delivered to hospitalized adults with cancer.
The study was conducted at an NCI-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center between February 2018 and October 2019. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Cyclopamine.html We assessed depressive symptoms with the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) depression item. We also invited patients to provide free-text comments describing their treatment experience.
Among 1,764 patients (61.2% women, 72.7% white), 350 received music therapy and 1414 received massage therapy; music therapy was associated with a 0.4 point greater reduction (95% 0.3 to 0.6, p<0.001) in the ESAS depression score relative to massage therapy. When analyses were restricted to the 452 (25.6%) patients with moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms (ESAS score ≥4), music therapy was associated with a 1.2 point greater reduction (95% CI 0.7 to 1.7, p<0.001) relative to massage therapy, a clinically meaningful difference. In free-text comments, music therapy was described as energizing, uplifting, and evocative, whereas massage therapy was described as calming and relaxing.
Among hospitalized adult cancer patients, both music therapy and massage therapy were associated with reduced depressive symptoms, but music therapy was associated with a greater reduction than massage therapy.
Among hospitalized adult cancer patients, both music therapy and massage therapy were associated with reduced depressive symptoms, but music therapy was associated with a greater reduction than massage therapy.
