Albrightduke1126

In the present article, a novel and effective ZnO quantum dots-based fluorescent probe has been developed for the detection of cysteine in different solutions. Firstly, melamine-based fluorescent pre-probe was successfully synthesized via condensation reaction and, then ZnO quantum dots (QDs) were homogenously dispersed into this solution. This fluorescent probe was used for the detection of cysteine in different solutions such as bovine serum albumin and tap water. ZnO QDs were characterized using XRD, nano-particle size analyzer, and FE-SEM techniques. The size of the ZnO QDs was calculated as 28.03±9.86 nm, and 31.95±10.02 nm from Scherrer's equation and nano-particle size analyzer, respectively. The developed fluorescent probe was exhibited a highly selective and sensitive response to the detection of cysteine. Also, the proposed fluorescent probe has a larger Stokes shift value (236 nm). The limit of detection and linear range of ZnO QDs-based fluorescent biosensor were found as 0.642 μM and 0.1-600 μM, respectively. ZnO quantum dot-based fluorescent sensor for L-cysteine.A highly selective turn-on fluorescent and naked-eye colourimetric dual-channel probe for cyanide anions (CN-) has been designed and characterized. In the mixed solution (DMSO / H2O, 91, v / v), only CN- could cause an increase in the UV absorption intensity and the corresponding fluorescence intensity increased, and other anions had no significant effect on the probe. After treatment with cyanide in the probe solution, the solution showed a noticeable colour change, from light yellow to purple. Moreover, a fluorescence spectrophotometer can be used to observe that the fluorescence intensity of the solution is significantly enhanced. The response of the colourimetric and fluorescent dual-channel probe to CN- was attributed to nucleophilic addition, and the mechanism was determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy. In addition, this probe was used to detect CN- in actual water samples, including river water, drinking water, and tap water. The spiked CN- recovery rate is very high (97.2%-100.06%), and analytical precision is also very high (RSD  less then  2%), which shows its feasibility and reliability for detecting cyanide ions in actual water samples.Monoiodo- and dibromsubstituted dipyrromethenes HL1 - HL3 were described as a highly sensitive and selective «Off-On» fluorescent chemosensor for Zn2+ based on the chelation-enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) effect. Сoordination reactions of HL1 - HL3 with Zn2+ cations are accompanied by a significant (124 to 215-fold) increase in fluorescence intensity against the background of other metal ions in the binary propanol-1/cyclohexane mixture (130). The fluorometric detection limit of Zn2+ ions using HL1 - HL3 sensors is from 3.0∙10-8 to 3.3·10-9 mol/L. The presence of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Pb2+ cations does not interfere with the detection of Zn2+. Complexation reactions are accompanied by a visual change in the color of the solution from yellow-orange to pink-raspberry so that the HL1 - HL3 ligands can also be used as a «naked-eye» indicators of the presence of Zn2+ ions.Animals have a long history of assessing ecosystem responses to environmental disturbances, and amphibians stand out for presenting themselves as good animal model and bioindicators of environmental quality. The main purpose of the present work was to investigate the cellular effects of contamination of waters of the Marrecas River, located in the southwest of the state of Paraná, Brazil. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate and monitor the cytotoxic and mutagenic effect, with bullfrog tadpoles, and to discuss these effects with land use along this hydrographic basin. Mutagenic effects were determined by micronucleus assay, and cytotoxicity by other nuclear changes, such as segmented cells, binucleated cells, cells with buds and reniform cells. Water samples were obtained at nine sites along the Marrecas River, covering areas with rural and urban hydrological contribution. For each site, four samples were collected, along the years 2017 and 2018, encompassing the four seasons (summer, autumn, winter, and spring). The results showed mutagenic and cytotoxic effect in four sampling sites, and only cytotoxic effect in other four sites. These effects may be due, possibly, to the use of different agrochemicals across the hydrographic basin region, which have predominant hydrological contributions from crops. Data of this study indicate the presence of cytotoxic and mutagenic contaminants in the waters of the Marrecas River, which can generate environmental problems on the river fauna/flora, and can also affect the local population health.Anaerobic digestion (AD) of walnut shells (WS) results in only a limited biomethane yield because of their high fibre content, which ultimately represents an essentially nonbiodegradable lignocellulosic biomass. In the present study, thermal (i.e. Brigatinib 50-250 °C), alkaline (i.e. 1-5% w/w NaOH) and combined alkaline-thermal (i.e. 4% w/w NaOH + 150 °C thermal) pretreatment methods have been applied to increase the anaerobic biodegradation of WS. The highest biomethane yields of 159.9 ± 6.8 mL CH4.g VS-1 and 169.8 ± 6.8 mL CH4.g VS-1 were achieved after pretreatment at both 250 °C and with 4% NaOH. After combined NaOH-thermal pretreatments, the AD process showed the largest total VFA concentration (i.e. 1280.1 mg Hac L-1) but a relatively high lag phase (i.e. 3.90 days) compared to thermal and NaOH pretreatments alone, from which the highest biomethane yield (i.e. 192.4 ± 8.2 mL CH4.g VS-1 ) was achieved at the end of the AD process. link2 The highest biomethane yield from the combined NaOH-thermal pretreated WS was corroborated by the corresponding highest SCOD/TCOD ratio (i.e. 0.37 ± 0.02) and the highest lignocellulosic fibre removal (i.e. 41.1 ± 2.7% cellulose, 35.6 ± 1.8% hemicellulose, and 58.7 ± 3.2% lignin). The cumulative biomethane yields were further simulated via a modified Gompertz model. This study provides a promising strategy in the sense that the biomethane yield of WS containing large amounts of lignin can be significantly increased via thermal, NaOH, and combined NaOH-thermal pretreatment methods.Stabilized liquid membrane devices (SLMDs) have been used for passive integrative sampling of metals in freshwater systems. link3 Field measurements of metal accumulation on SLMDs can provide a time-weighted average mass of labile metals over the deployment period. We exposed SLMDs in the laboratory to 0.5 μM solutions of silver, zinc, or aluminum as nitrate salts at three levels of water hardness, measuring metal accumulation every 4 days for 32 days. We saw linear accumulation in all experimental treatments, except for silver in high hardness (345.9 mg/L as CaCO3). The time-accumulation relationships indicated that metal sorption rates vary across valency with the lower valency metals generally accumulating at greater rates. Water hardness also affected accumulation rates and accumulated mass with greater rates as hardness increased for zinc and aluminum. The accumulated zinc mass at 32 days in soft water was 78% of the mass in hard water for zinc, and accumulated aluminum mass was 29% of the mass in hard water. Factors such as oleate formation on the SLMD surface and solution chemistry, including pH and chemical speciation, were evaluated in explaining our results. Our work supports that SLMDs have utility for sampling metals in freshwater over extended time periods, which may be beneficial when there is limited access to sites; it also provide important interpretive guidance for the use of SLMDs.Most of the existing studies on stochastic convergence of emission have not adequately considered smooth structural changes. The primary purpose of this paper is to examine the validity of stochastic convergence at different income levels by recently proposed Fourier-based wavelet augmented Dickey-Fuller test with smooth shifts. Empirical results can be summed up as follows (i) carbon emission per capita follows the stationarity process in 35 high-income countries, while carbon emission per capita follows the stationarity process in 27 upper-middle-income countries; (ii) besides, carbon emission per capita follows stationarity process in 30 lower-middle-income countries, while carbon emission per capita follows stationarity process in 13 low-income countries; (iii) in light of these findings, it can be said that stochastic convergence among different income groups is valid. The implications of the empirical findings for environmental planning and management are discussed in the body of the paper.Parkinson's disease (PD) is described as the loss of dopaminergic neurons located in the substantia nigra (SN) region of the brain and a progressive motor failure. Increased frequency of PD in women, especially after menopause, suggests the effect of estrogen. This view has been supported with empirical studies. Therefore, the effect of estrogen in an experimental model of Parkinson's disease induced by rotenone was investigated. A total of 32 female Wistar Albino rats were randomly assigned to four groups (control group, ovariectomy group, Parkinson's group, Parkinson's + estrogen group). The Parkinson's group received rotenone subcutanously at the dose of 2.5 mg/kg bw, on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd 4th, 6th, 9th, 12th, 15th, 18th, and 21st days animals in the Parkinson's + estrogen group received retonon as in the Parkinson's group and was additionally subcutaneously given estrogen (implant containing 0.5 mg 17 β-estradiol lasting for 21 days). The rats were subjected to rotarod, pole, and swimming tests at the end ference in tyrosine hydroxylase-stained cells (dopaminergic neurons and dopamine) between the Parkinson's + estrogen group and the Parkinson's group. The biochemical analyses of Caspas-3 activation in SN and striatum (STR) was significantly different between the Parkinson's + estrogen group and the Parkinson's group, but this difference was not observed in STR while evaluating Bcl-2. The results of this study suggested that estrogen may have a recuperative effect on PD.This study was conducted to assess the accumulation and sources of harmful metals and associated public health risk from the usage of underground mine water of Barapukuria coal mine in Bangladesh, keeping in mind the optimum reuse. Thirty underground mine water samples had been analyzed for assessing temperature, pH, EC, TC, DO, BOD, COD, Ca, K, S, Ti, Mn, V, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr, and Pb. Numerous pollution evaluation and health risk assessment indices along with multivariate statistical tools were employed in this study to apprise the pollution scenario, controlling factors, and probable health risk. The chronic or persistent health risk of metals via oral and dermal exposure of adults and children was determined using the hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI). The results showed that the content of physicochemical parameters and potentially harmful elements in water samples was many folds higher than the national and international standards. The results of pollution evaluation indices indicate that coal seam-leached mine water is highly concentrated by potentially harmful metals and not suitable for drinking, agriculture, and aquatic lives. The correlation coefficients and multivariate analysis illustrate both the geological and anthropogenic factors controlling the variability of metals in mine water. Results of HQoral value suggest that V, Co, and Pb are significant health risk for adults and Mn, V, Co, Cu, and Pb are for children. Vanadium is found potential for dermal effects, and HIdermal value directs 33%, and 70% samples exceed the safe limit for adults and children, respectively. The HI value suggests that oral exposure to harmful metals creates more harm than dermal absorption, and children are more vulnerable than adults. It is anticipated that the outcomes of this study would deliver expedient insights to initiate necessary steps to minimize the public health risk by applying appropriate environmental protocols.