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Modern-day cataract surgery has achieved equivalence with refractive surgery, thus requiring surgeons to perform all possible pre-emptive exercises to mitigate intraoperative complications. In this direction, we possess a tremendous amount of technology to understand the preoperative status of the lens. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) is one such tool, which has played a distinctive role in imaging various forms of cataracts. In this review, we critically analyse the practical role of ASOCT in the preoperative and intraoperative periods from a cataract surgeon's perspective. After a thorough literature assessment, it was substantiated that the cross-sectional imaging ability of ASOCT can demonstrate delicate anatomical and pathological lenticular changes in a visually and clinically comprehensible way. The objective grading of immature cataracts to intralenticular and posterior capsular details in mature/white, posterior polar, traumatic and other forms of cataracts paves the way for various practical innovations as and when required. Hence, preoperative more than intraoperative ASOCT-derived lenticular knowledge is of immense help in careful surgical planning, with improved complication rates.Visual 'point-and-click' interaction artifacts such as mouse and touchpad are tangible input modalities, which are essential for sighted users to conveniently interact with computer applications. In contrast, blind users are unable to leverage these visual input modalities and are thus limited while interacting with computers using a sequentially narrating screen-reader assistive technology that is coupled to keyboards. link= Smad activation As a consequence, blind users generally require significantly more time and effort to do even simple application tasks (e.g., applying a style to text in a word processor) using only keyboard, compared to their sighted peers who can effortlessly accomplish the same tasks using a point-and-click mouse. This paper explores the idea of repurposing visual input modalities for non-visual interaction so that blind users too can draw the benefits of simple and efficient access from these modalities. Specifically, with word processing applications as the representative case study, we designed and developed NVMouse as a concrete manifestation of this repurposing idea, in which the spatially distributed word-processor controls are mapped to a virtual hierarchical 'Feature Menu' that is easily traversable non-visually using simple scroll and click input actions. link2 Furthermore, NVMouse enhances the efficiency of accessing frequently-used application commands by leveraging a data-driven prediction model that can determine what commands the user will most likely access next, given the current 'local' screen-reader context in the document. A user study with 14 blind participants comparing keyboard-based screen readers with NVMouse, showed that the latter significantly reduced both the task-completion times and user effort (i.e., number of user actions) for different word-processing activities.In this paper we consider a differentiated oligopoly with two product varieties that are supplied by two groups of firms. After computing the Cournot solution of the game, we study its sensitivity to different sources of competition, namely the degree of product substitutability and market composition. Market composition can change either via new firms entering one industry or via firms switching production techniques, thus modifying the intensity of intra-brand competition. After studying the welfare consequences of an intensification of competition, we identify the equilibrium market composition when firms are driven by profit considerations. All the results are expressed in terms of the degree of product substitutability and of what we define "weighted relative efficiency" (WRE), which is a parameter combining both firm characteristics and market conditions.Red algae, belonging to the phylum Rhodophyta, contain an abundance of useful chemicals including bioactive molecules and present opportunities for the production of different products through biorefinery cascades. The rhodophyte Palmaria palmata, commonly termed dulse or dillisk, grows predominantly on the northern coasts of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and is a well-known snack food. Due to its abundance, availability and cultivation capacity, P. palmata was selected for study as a potential candidate for a biorefinery process. In addition to studying juice and solid fractions of freshly harvested P. palmata, we have investigated the novel possibility of preserving algal biomass by ensilaging protocols similar to those employed for terrestrial forage crops. In the metabolite partitioning within the solid and liquid fractions following screw-pressing, the majority of the metabolites screened for-water soluble carbohydrates, proteins and amino acids, lipids, pigments, phenolics and antioxidant activity-remained in the solid fraction, though at differing proportions depending on the metabolite, from 70.8% soluble amino acids to 98.2% chlorophyll a and 98.1% total carotenoids. For the ensiling study, screw-pressed P. palmata, with comparative wilted and chopped, and chopped only samples, were ensiled at scale with and without Safesil silage additive. All samples were successfully ensiled after 90 days, with screw-pressing giving lower or equal pH before and after ensiling compared with the other preparations. Of particular note was the effluent volumes generated during ensiling 26-49% of the fresh weight, containing 16-34% of the silage dry matter. This may be of advantage depending on the final use of the biomass.Top-k queries have been studied intensively in the database community and they are an important means to reduce query cost when only the "best" or "most interesting" results are needed instead of the full output. While some optimality results exist, e.g., the famous Threshold Algorithm, they hold only in a fairly limited model of computation that does not account for the cost incurred by large intermediate results and hence is not aligned with typical database-optimizer cost models. On the other hand, the idea of avoiding large intermediate results is arguably the main goal of recent work on optimal join algorithms, which uses the standard RAM model of computation to determine algorithm complexity. This research has created a lot of excitement due to its promise of reducing the time complexity of join queries with cycles, but it has mostly focused on full-output computation. We argue that the two areas can and should be studied from a unified point of view in order to achieve optimality in the common model of computation for a very general class of top-k-style join queries. This tutorial has two main objectives. First, we will explore and contrast the main assumptions, concepts, and algorithmic achievements of the two research areas. Second, we will cover recent, as well as some older, approaches that emerged at the intersection to support efficient ranked enumeration of join-query results. Smad activation These are related to classic work on k-shortest path algorithms and more general optimization problems, some of which dates back to the 1950s. We demonstrate that this line of research warrants renewed attention in the challenging context of ranked enumeration for general join queries.We consider running-time optimization for band-joins in a distributed system, e.g., the cloud. To balance load across worker machines, input has to be partitioned, which causes duplication. We explore how to resolve this tension between maximum load per worker and input duplication for band-joins between two relations. Previous work suffered from high optimization cost or considered partitionings that were too restricted (resulting in suboptimal join performance). link2 Our main insight is that recursive partitioning of the join-attribute space with the appropriate split scoring measure can achieve both low optimization cost and low join cost. Smad activation It is the first approach that is not only effective for one-dimensional band-joins but also for joins on multiple attributes. link3 Experiments indicate that our method is able to find partitionings that are within 10% of the lower bound for both maximum load per worker and input duplication for a broad range of settings, significantly improving over previous work.We study the motion of a particle in a plane subject to an attractive central force with inverse-square law on one side of a wall at which it is reflected elastically. This model is a special case of a class of systems considered by Boltzmann which was recently shown by Gallavotti and Jauslin to admit a second integral of motion additionally to the energy. By recording the subsequent positions and momenta of the particle as it hits the wall, we obtain a three-dimensional discrete-time dynamical system. We show that this system has the Poncelet property If for given generic values of the integrals one orbit is periodic, then all orbits for these values are periodic and have the same period. The reason for this is the same as in the case of the Poncelet theorem The generic level set of the integrals of motion is an elliptic curve, and the Poincaré map is the composition of two involutions with fixed points and is thus the translation by a fixed element. link3 Another consequence of our result is the proof of a conjecture of Gallavotti and Jauslin on the quasi-periodicity of the integrable Boltzmann system, implying the applicability of KAM perturbation theory to the Boltzmann system with weak centrifugal force.Consider a linear realization of a matroid over a field. One associates with it a configuration polynomial and a symmetric bilinear form with linear homogeneous coefficients. The corresponding configuration hypersurface and its non-smooth locus support the respective first and second degeneracy scheme of the bilinear form. We show that these schemes are reduced and describe the effect of matroid connectivity for (2-)connected matroids, the configuration hypersurface is integral, and the second degeneracy scheme is reduced Cohen-Macaulay of codimension 3. If the matroid is 3-connected, then also the second degeneracy scheme is integral. In the process, we describe the behavior of configuration polynomials, forms and schemes with respect to various matroid constructions.We consider here three-dimensional water flows governed by the geophysical water wave equations exhibiting full Coriolis and centripetal terms. More precisely, assuming a constant vorticity vector, we derive a family of explicit solutions, in Eulerian coordinates, to the above-mentioned equations and their boundary conditions. These solutions are the only ones under the assumption of constant vorticity. To be more specific, we show that the components of the velocity field (with respect to the rotating coordinate system) vanish. We also determine a formula for the pressure function and we show that the surface, denoted z = η ( x , y , t ) , is time independent, but is not flat and can be explicitly determined. We conclude our analysis by converting to the fixed inertial frame, the solutions we obtained before in the rotating frame. It is established that, in the fixed frame, the velocity field is non-vanishing and the free surface is non-flat, being explicitly determined. Moreover, the system consisting of the velocity field, the pressure and the surface defining function represents explicit and exact solutions to the three-dimensional water waves equations and their boundary conditions.