Fuglsanglopez2558

In this review, we summarise the current knowledge on the YDV pathosystem, describe management options against YDD, analyse the impacts of the neonicotinoid ban in Europe, and consider future strategies to control YDV. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVE To create an experimental chronic total occlusion (CTO) model with calcification by dietary modification (cholesterol, calcium carbonate, vitamin D) and local injection of pro-calcification factors (dipotassium phosphate, calcium chloride, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 [BMP-2]). BACKGROUND Percutaneous revascularization of CTOs frequently fails in heavily calcified occlusions. Development of novel approaches requires a reproducible preclinical model of calcified CTO. METHODS CTOs were created in 18 femoral arteries of 9 New Zealand White rabbits using the thrombin injection model. Dietary interventions included a high cholesterol diet (0.5% or 0.25%), calcium carbonate (150 mg × 3-5 days/week), and vitamin D (50,000 U × 3-5 days/week). In selected animals, BMP-2 (1-4 μg), dipotassium phosphate, and calcium chloride were injected locally at the time of CTO creation. Animals were sacrificed at 2 weeks (n = 4 arteries), 6 weeks (n = 4 arteries), and 10-12 weeks (n = 14 arteries). RESULTS CTOs showed evidence of chronic lipid feeding (foam cells) and chronic inflammation (intimal/medial fibrosis and microvessels, inflammatory cells, internal elastic lamina disruption). In calcium/vitamin D supplemented rabbits, mineralization (calcification and/or ossification) was evident as early as 2 weeks post CTO creation, and in 78% of the overall arteries. Mineralization changes were not present in the absence of calcium/vitamin D dietary supplements. Mineralization occurred in 85% of BMP-treated arteries and 60% of arteries without BMP. PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor 3 price CONCLUSIONS Complex mineralization occurs in preclinical CTO models with dietary supplementation of cholesterol with vitamin D and calcium. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.SCOPE Shellfish allergy is an important cause of food allergy, and tropomyosin (TM) is the major allergen within shellfish. Probiotics are safe bacteria that benefit host health and nutrition and have been proposed as a novel approach for treating immunological diseases including food allergies. METHODS AND RESULTS The probiotic strain Lactobacillus casei Zhang (LcZ) isolated from koumiss was investigated for its capacity to modulate food allergy induced by TM in BALB/c mice. Oral administration of LcZ attenuated allergy symptoms and intestinal epithelial damage. Furthermore, flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, and ELISA demonstrated that LcZ administration altered the development and function of dendritic cells (DCs), T cells and B cells, finally resulting in the change of TM-specific antibody isotypes into a tolerogenic pattern. Moreover, an in vitro spleen cell culture model revealed that LcZ directly modulated regulatory tolerogenic DC and T cell development, dependent on the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSION This work indicated the ability of LcZ to alleviate TM-induced food allergy and demonstrated the involvement of the tolerogenic immune cells and NF-κB signaling pathway, indicating LcZ to be a potential immunomodulator and immunotherapy assistor. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.A novel aptamer-modified magnetic mesoporous carbon was prepared to develop a specific and sensitive magnetic solid-phase extraction method through combination with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis chloramphenicol in complex samples. More specifically, the chloramphenicol aptamer-modified Mg/Al layered double hydroxide magnetic mesoporous carbon was employed as a novel magnetic solid-phase extraction sorbent for analyte enrichment and sample clean-up. The extraction solvent, extraction time, desorption solvent, and desorption time were investigated. It was found that the mesoporous structure and aptamer-based affinity interactions resulted in acceptable selective recognition and a good chemical stability towards trace amounts of chloramphenicol. Upon combination with the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technique, a specific and sensitive recognition method was developed with a low LOD (0.94 pmol/L, S/N = 3) for chloramphenicol analysis. The developed method was successfully employed for the determination of chloramphenicol in complex serum, milk powders, fish and chicken samples, giving recoveries of 87.0-107% with RSDs of 3.1-9.7%. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVE To preliminarily study the efficacy and safety of stop-flow pelvic chemoperfusion, a novel therapeutic strategy for treating pelvic malignancies. METHODS Stop-flow chemoperfusion was performed six times in 5 patients with primary pelvic malignancies. Aortic and vena cave balloons and tourniquets were used to isolate pelvic blood flow from systemic circulation. Cisplatin was then perfused through a transarterial catheter to achieve exposure to a higher drug concentration. Pelvic and peripheral blood samples were collected to determine drug concentration during perfusion. The efficacy of stop-flow pelvic perfusion was assessed by measuring the change in tumor size, the visual analogue scale, and the tumor necrosis rate after perfusion. Safety was assessed by classifying adverse events according to CTCAE v4.03. RESULTS The mean area under the curve (AUC) and maximum drug concentration in the pelvis during perfusion were 246.23 min μg/mL and 17.29 μg/mL, respectively. These measures were significantly higher than the peripheral mean AUC and maximum drug concentration of 52.08 min μg/mL and 5.14 μg/mL, respectively. All 5 patients showed stable disease in response, with changes in tumor size of -4.7%, -5.4%, +4.7%, -8.4%, and 0.0%. Among the 5 patients, 3 (60%) experienced significant pain relief after perfusion. Three patients underwent surgery, with tumor necrosis of 63%, less then 60%, and 93%. No severe complications were observed in this study. CONCLUSIONS Stop-flow pelvic chemoperfusion resulted in exposure to drug higher concentration with fewer serious complications. These preliminary results suggest that further studies are required to comprehensively assess the therapeutic potential of stop-flow pelvic chemoperfusion in pelvic malignancies. © 2020 The Authors. Orthopaedic Surgery published by Chinese Orthopaedic Association and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.