Swansonmedina2297

Banyan tree or Ficus microcarpa is a large perennial plant with extraordinary aerial roots from the Moraceae family. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome sequence of F. microcarpa was assembled using PacBio data. The chloroplast genome size is 141,611 bp, consisting of a large single-copy (LSC) region and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 101,835 bp and 9,676 bp, respectively, which are separated by a pair of 15,050 bp inverted repeat (IR) regions. The genome includes 74 protein-coding genes, 43 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. A phylogenetic tree reconstructed by 25 complete chloroplast genomes reveals that F. microcarpa is mostly related to Ficus racemosa.Cylicocyclus spp. (Nematoda Strongylida Cyathostominae) are the common and important parasitic nematodes found in horses and donkeys worldwide. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Cylicocyclus auriculatus Looss 1900, a representative member of this genus from the donkey in Southwest China was determined using the next-generation DNA sequencing technology. The genome was 13,851 bp in size and consisted of 36 genes including 12 protein-coding genes (atp6, cox1-3, cytb, nad1-6 and nad4L), 22 transfer RNA genes and two ribosomal RNA genes (rrnL and rrnS), as well as two non-coding regions. Phylogenetic analysis showed that C. auriculatus and Cylicocyclus insigne Boulenger 1917 were closely related, and then both grouped with other congeneric species and formed a monophyletic relationship with either species of Cyathostomum, Coronocyclus, Cyathostomum, Cylicostephanus or Cylicodontophorus, demonstrating their phylogenetic stability within Cyathostominae. These cumulative mitochondrial DNA data provide novel and useful genetic markers for molecular diagnostic, systematic and evolutionary biological studies of Cyathostominae nematodes.Corylopsis sinensis Hemsl. is a deciduous shrub endemic to China, which is a valuable medicinal and ornamental species. In this study, we report the complete chloroplast genome sequence of C. sinensis, providing a genomic basis for future research. The chloroplast genome is 159,419 base pairs (bp) in length, with a large single-copy (LSC) region of 88,152 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of of 18,701 bp, and two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 26,283 bp. The overall GC content is 38.0% and the chloroplast genome encodes 113 unique genes including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. The phylogenetic results show that C. sinensis is sister to C. spicata. These results of C. sinensis will improve our understanding of the evolution of Corylopsis and Hamamelidaceae.Rubus lambertianus Ser. var. paykouangensis (Levl.) Hand.-Mazz. is great important in the phylogeny and evolution of the genus Rubus L. in the family Rosaceae. The chloroplast genome of R. lambertianus var. paykouangensis reported in this study is 156177 bp in length, and it has an average GC content of 37.18%. The complete chloroplast genome showed a typical quadripartite structure, comprising a small single copy (SSC) region (18,730 bp) and a large single copy (LSC) region (85,883 bp), both of which were separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs, 25,782 bp). This plastome was discovered to contain 129 different genes (112 unique), including 85 protein-coding genes (79 unique), 36 tRNA genes (29 unique), and 8 rRNA genes (4 unique). The published chloroplast genome of R. lambertianus var. paykouangensis will provide a significant insight into elucidating the phylogenetic relationship of taxa within the genus Rubus of the family Rosaceae.This study aimed to elucidate the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Eleutheronema rhadinum (Perciforms Polynemidae). The circular mitogenome was 16,556 bp in size, with the base composition A - 28.17%, T - 26.99%, C - 28.72%, and G - 16.12%. It had the typical vertebrate mitochondrial gene arrangement and was made up of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and one non-coding control region. Phylogenetic analysis using maximum-likelihood approved that E. rhadinum belonged to the family Polynemidae and had close relationship to E. tetradactylum. The present data will contribute to future phylogenetic studies on members of family Polynemidae and conservation strategies for E. rhadinum.The genus Unio is one of the widespread freshwater bivalves. To date, its intra-generic phylogeny remains controversial and therefore the mitochondrial genome data is needed. Here, we report the complete mitogenome of Unio douglasiae MG that is distributed in the Chihe River, a branch of Huaihe River, East China. This mitochondrial genome is 15,764 base pair in total length. It consists of 37 genes 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes (12S and 16S). The base composition was 38.38% for A, 26.48% for T, 23.17% for C, and 11.98% for G, showing an obvious bias of higher A + T content (64.86%) than the G + C content (35.14%). Phylogenetic analysis showed that U. douglasiae MG is clustered with other Unio and Nodularia mollusks in the family Unionidae. These results showed that combine with morphological techniques, the mitogenome can provide useful information to further understanding of the genetics, systematics, and conservation of this endangered species.Adrenal pseudocysts are cystic lesions arising within the adrenal gland enclosed by a fibrous connective tissue wall that lacks lining cells. They can attain a huge size and pose a diagnostic challenge with a broad range of differentials including benign and malignant neoplasms. There are only a few small case series and case reports describing these lesions. We report a series of five patients who presented with "indeterminate" abdominal cystic lesions and were later on found to have adrenal pseudocyst. Four out of five patients presented with non-specific abdominal symptoms, and one patient presented with symptoms suggestive of a functional adrenal tumor. The size of these tumors ranged from 6 to 30 cm. They had variable radiological features and in two cases even a percutaneous biopsy could not establish the diagnosis. In four of these "indeterminate" abdominal masses, an adrenal origin was not suspected preoperatively. Surgical excision provided a resolution of symptoms, ruled out malignancy, and clinched the diagnosis.Cecal volvulus is an uncommon cause of acute intestinal obstruction accounting for around 10% of intestinal volvuli. There are three main variants of cecal volvuli including the axial, loop, and bascule types. Diagnosis is confirmed via a computed tomography scan and surgery is the mainstay treatment due to a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Here we report a rare presentation of cecal volvulus in a COVID-19 positive patient that was complicated by an anastomotic leak.Introduction  Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a potentially severe complication of spinal surgeries. The occurrence of such complications causes deterioration of the patient's clinical status and delayed discharge from the hospital. Although no specific etiological factors were identified for this complication, but multiple risk factors might play role in its development, they include the use of anticoagulants, presence of uncontrolled hypertension, and perioperative patient positioning. Aim  A systematic review of the literature to investigate the prevalence of different types of intracranial hemorrhages in patients who underwent spinal surgeries. Methods  A literature review was conducted using multiple research databases. Data were extracted using multiple variables that were formulated incongruent with the study aim and then further analyzed. Results  A total of 79 studies were included in our analysis after applying the exclusion criteria and removing of repeated studies, 109 patients were identified where they were diagnosed with intracranial hemorrhage after spine surgery with a mean age of 54 years. The most common type of hemorrhage was cerebellar hemorrhage (56.0%) followed by SDH and intraparenchymal hemorrhage; 23.9 and 17.4%, respectively. The most common spine surgery was laminectomy (70.6%), followed by fixation and fusion (50.5%), excision of spinal lesions was done in 20.2% of the patient, and discectomy (14.7%). Conclusion  The data in this study showed that out of 112 patients with ICH, cerebellar hemorrhage was the most common type. ICH post-spine surgery is a rare complication and the real etiologies behind this complication are still unknown, cerebrospinal fluid drain and durotomy were suggested.Addison's disease was first described by Thomas Addison in 1855. He demonstrated the destruction of bilateral adrenal gland by tuberculosis (TB) in six patients. Since then, the incidence of TB has declined in the Western world, but in developing countries, it is still the most common cause of adrenal insufficiency. Pyroxamide price Because of the introduction of antituberculous chemotherapy, the incidence of adrenal TB has been declined in the past decades. The most common symptoms are nonspecific; therefore, diagnosis is often delayed, and patients may first present with a life-threatening adrenal crisis. The most commonly identified organism for adrenal failure in adrenal TB is Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Adrenal TB involves bilateral adrenal glands more frequently than unilateral glands. Computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are useful investigations to differentiate between tuberculous Addison's disease and the other causes of adrenal insufficiency. In CT scans or MRI, features of adrenal TB are bilateral adrenal enlargement and peripheral rim enhancement with or without calcifications. Antituberculous drugs, biochemical monitoring of adrenal function, and steroid therapy are essential for the management of adrenal TB and adrenal insufficiency. Here, we describe a case of adrenal TB with abscess formation followed by a review of the current literature of adrenal TB for better diagnosis and management of this condition.Intravenous foreign bodies following trauma to the hand are relatively uncommon with sparse reports of this condition being published in the literature. They have been reported to migrate as far as the thoracic cavity and the heart. In the following case report, we describe a case of an intravenous foreign body following hand trauma, and the treatment and potential complications are also discussed.Stentolith is a forgotten stent that acts as a nidus for stone formation leading to a stone-stent complex. Once the planned procedure is completed, these stents should be removed within 4 to 6 weeks, but if they are required for a longer period, then they should be replaced every 3 to 6 months. Devastating complications may ensue -such as cholangitis, biliary stricture, or secondary biliary cirrhosis. Management primarily comprises surgical intervention with common bile duct exploration or endoscopic clearance. The majority of patients eventually develop symptoms that lead to their diagnosis and subsequent management. This article, however, details the case of a silent stentolith and how it may have led to disastrous complications if surgical intervention was not done promptly.