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17 ± 0.19cm, respectively) (p > 0.05), and lower DSC but similar ASD to ce-fs-T1W images (0.73 ± 0.09, p < 0.001; and 0.17 ± 0.20cm, p > 0.05). The CNN overestimated PTVs on all sequences (p < 0.001).

The CNN showed promise for NPC delineation on fs-T2W images in cases where it is desirable to avoid contrast agent injection. The CNN overestimated PTVs on all sequences.

The CNN showed promise for NPC delineation on fs-T2W images in cases where it is desirable to avoid contrast agent injection. The CNN overestimated PTVs on all sequences.Fungal endophytes have been found to exist in many plant species and appear to be important to their plant hosts. However, the diversity and biological activities of these fungi remain largely unknown. Zanthoxylum simulans Hance, a popular natural spice and medicinal plant, commonly known as Szechuan pepper or Chinese-pepper, grows on Kinmen Island, Taiwan. In this study, leaf and stem samples of Z. simulans, collected in summer and winter, were screened for antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory metabolite-producing endophytic fungi. A total of 113 endophytic strains were isolated and cultured from Z. simulans, among which 23 were found to possess antimicrobial activity, belonging to six fungal genera Penicillium (26.09%, 6), Colletotrichum (21.74%, 5), Diaporthe (21.74%, 5), Daldinia (17.39%, 4), Alternaria (8.70%, 2), and Didymella (4.34%, 1). We also found that the number of species with antimicrobial activity and their compositions differed between summer and winter. Our study demonstrated that Z. simulans might contain large and diverse communities of endophytic fungi, and its community composition varies seasonally. In addition, fungal endophytes produce antimicrobial agents, which may protect their hosts against pathogens and could be a potential source of natural antibiotics.Complex interactive test items are becoming more widely used in assessments. Being computer-administered, assessments using interactive items allow logging time-stamped action sequences. These sequences pose a rich source of information that may facilitate investigating how examinees approach an item and arrive at their given response. There is a rich body of research leveraging action sequence data for investigating examinees' behavior. However, the associated timing data have been considered mainly on the item-level, if at all. Considering timing data on the action-level in addition to action sequences, however, has vast potential to support a more fine-grained assessment of examinees' behavior. We provide an approach that jointly considers action sequences and action-level times for identifying common response processes. In doing so, we integrate tools from clickstream analyses and graph-modeled data clustering with psychometrics. In our approach, we (a) provide similarity measures that are based on both actions and the associated action-level timing data and (b) subsequently employ cluster edge deletion for identifying homogeneous, interpretable, well-separated groups of action patterns, each describing a common response process. Guidelines on how to apply the approach are provided. The approach and its utility are illustrated on a complex problem-solving item from PIAAC 2012.Several fish species are known to possess mechanisms that allow them to adapt to environments with different salinities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of salinity on the expression of aquaporins (aqp1a, aqp3a, aqp8a, and aqp9a) in the gills and intestines of Chinese black sleeper. After 30 days of acclimation, the expression of aqp1a, aqp3a, and aqp9a in the gills was significantly higher in fish transferred to 5 ppt than in those transferred to 40 ppt seawater, whereas aqp8 expression was lower. In contrast, aqp1a, aqp3a, and aqp8a expression in the intestines was higher in fish acclimated in 40 ppt than in those acclimated in 5 ppt. During abrupt salinity acclimation, the levels of aqp1a and aqp9a in the gills varied over time in fish acclimated in 5 ppt, but not in 40 ppt. The aqp3a levels in gills were higher in the 5 ppt group after 24 h than in the 40 ppt. The expression level of aqp8a in gills was higher in 40 ppt than in 5 ppt, except for that at 12 h. In the intestines, expression level of aqp1a and aqp8a were significantly upregulated from 12 to 48 h following acclimation in 40 ppt and aqp3a was higher in 40 ppt group than in 5 ppt, while aqp9a expression exhibited an opposite trend. These findings suggest that aqp1a, aqp3a, aqp8a and aqp9a may play a major osmoregulatory role in water transport in the gills and intestines during acclimation to different salinity environment.Misleading identification and subsequent publications on biological, molecular, and aquaculture data of mangrove mud crab (genus Scylla de Hann 1833) is a major concern in many countries. In this study, multiple molecular markers were used for genetic identification of all four known mud crab species under genus Scylla collected from India, Philippines, Myanmar, Malaysia and Indonesia. Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS-1), Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and PCR-based species-specific markers were used to resolve taxonomic ambiguity. PCR-RFLP techniques using NlaIV and BsaJI restriction endonucleases were efficient to differentiate four different mud crab species under genus Scylla with specific fragment profile. The results also justified the use of ITS-1 and PCR-based species-specific markers to identify mud crab species available in many countries quite rapidly and effectively. Several new molecular markers generated during the study are reported here to resolve the taxonomic ambiguity of Scylla species and the results reconfirmed that India is only having two commonly available mud crab species which was reported by the authors earlier.Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a clonal proliferative disease of mature B lymphocytes. To further improve the prognosis of patients, it is necessary to further elucidate the pathogenesis of CLL and find more effective therapeutic targets. Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) is the major activated transcription factor (TF) upon osmotic pressure increase in mammalian cells, and it also regulates many target genes to affect various cellular functions. The effects of NFAT5 on tumor growth and metastasis have also been widely revealed. ISRIB clinical trial However, the effects of NFAT5 on the progression of CLL are still unclear. In this study, we found abnormally high expression of NFAT5 in human CLL patients. Additionally, NFAT5 depletion suppressed proliferation and stimulated apoptosis of CLL cells. Our data further confirmed NFAT5 regulated AQP5 expression and the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. We also found that AQP5 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of NFAT5 depletion on cell proliferation in CLL cells. Furthermore, we revealed STUB1 directly bound to NFAT5 and promoted its degradation. Taken together, our results indicate the involvement of NFAT5 in CLL progression and suggest that NFAT5 could serve as a promising therapeutic target for CLL treatment.

In industrialized countries, vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is extremely rare, except association with bariatric surgeries and hepatobiliary disorders. It is unusual that VAD develops during hemodialysis due to reduced glomerular filtration of vitamin A-binding protein. We reported the case of a 58-year-old Japanese male hemodialysis patient diagnosed with VAD.

The patient undergoing hemodialysis for more than 15years presented with progressive photophobia and night blindness and was ophthalmologically examined. He denied a history of cancer or hepatobiliary disease and reported that he loved eating prepackaged noodle bowls and foods, with prolonged low intake of fruits/vegetables. He had good visual acuity. Fundus images showed numerous white dots in the midperipheral retinae, but no degenerative changes. In baseline full-field electroretinography (ERG), b-wave responses were extremely reduced in rod ERG, a-wave amplitudes in standard-flash/strong-flash ERG were reduced to 20-25% of our controls, a- and b-wave amplitudes in cone ERG were reduced to 40-50% of the controls. Whole-exome sequencing identified no pathogenic variant for any inherited retinal disorder. He was diagnosed with VAD because of reduced serum vitamin A levels and treated with retinol palmitate. Two months after treatment commencement, the serum vitamin A level was within the normal range. Full-field ERG showed that the scotopic ERG responses markedly improved compared with baseline.

This is the first report of VAD associated with undernutrition in the Japanese hemodialysis population.

This is the first report of VAD associated with undernutrition in the Japanese hemodialysis population.Personalised care involves shared decision making (SDM) across all levels including choice in medication. However, there are a number of barriers which prevent its effective implementation in routine mental health settings. Therefore, we undertook a study to benchmark current practice across clinical services of a large urban mental health provider. The study formed part of the trust-wide 'Supported Decision Making in Medication' Co-Production Project and aims to inform future recommendations in delivering against contemporary best practice, guidance and policy. A survey exploring the views and experiences of service users and prescribers on shared and supported decision-making in medication was carried out in West London NHS Trust. Questionnaires were fully co-designed and co-delivered by a group of health professionals and individuals with lived experience. There were 100 responses from service users and 35 from prescribers. There was some good practice where both parties reported good quality conversations concerning dialogic styles, collaborative process, information provided and range of choice offered. However, prescriber's perception of their practice was not always mirrored by service user feedback whose experiences often depended upon the prescriber, the time available or the part of the service. Generally, service user experience fell short of the good practice cited by clinicians though there was noticeable variability. Commitment from organizations and increasing understanding from practitioners are vital in transforming SDM from rhetoric into reality. From our findings a further challenge is to ensure that prescribers and service users have the time, information and tools to implement it consistently.This mini-review highlights some recent progress in the engineering of single-atom catalysts (SACs) through metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and derivatives. The inherent molecular and chemical specificities within the MOFs and derivatives can offer stabilisation of the SACs with high atomic isolation and dispersion. As MOFs are often considered an infinite array of self-assembled molecular catalysts, specifically designed structures can provide further functionalities to suit the needs of different catalytic applications. In brief, we can divide the preparation approaches into three main categories (1) fabrication onto functional groups of the ligands, (2) fabrication onto Lewis acid sites of nodal centres, and (3) synthesis via a pyrolysis-mediated technique. Through these approaches, strong metal-support interactions can be established to aid the fine-tuning of the catalytic properties. We also discuss how recent progress in the development of state-of-the-art microscopic, spectroscopic, and crystallographic techniques has enabled scientists to elucidate the structure-activity relationship.