Reidrios5467

However, EGCG improved MCAO-induced neurological deficits and reduced infarct volume, alleviated histopathological changes, and decreased TUNEL-positive cells in the cerebral cortex of MCAO rats. Western blot analysis showed increases of caspase-3 and PARP expression levels in MCAO rats with vehicle, whereas EGCG administration alleviated these increases after MCAO injury. These results demonstrate that EGCG exerts a neuroprotective effect by regulating caspase-3 and PARP proteins during cerebral ischemia. In conclusion, we suggest that EGCG acts as a potent neuroprotective agent by modulating the apoptotic signaling pathway.Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health concern for both clinical and veterinary medicine. learn more Rodent feces are one of the major infectious sources of zoonotic pathogens including AMR bacteria. So far, there are limited studies reported focused on Escherichia coli isolated in rodent feces from rural and suburban areas in Vietnam. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli isolated from feces samples of 144 urban rodents caught in Hanoi, Vietnam. A total of 59 AMR E. coli was isolated from urban rodents of which 42 were multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates (resistance to at least three classes of antimicrobial agents), four were extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing isolates and five were colistin-resistant isolates. The highest prevalence of the resistance was against ampicillin (79.7% 47/59), followed by tetracycline (78.0% 46/59), nalidixic acid (67.8% 40/59), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (59.3% 35/59), chloramphenicol (45.8% 27/59), ciprofloxacin (44.1% 26/59), cefotaxime (30.5% 18/59), cefodizime (23.7% 14/59), amoxicillin-clavulanate (22.0% 13/59), and gentamicin (22.0% 13/59). With regard to the virulence genes associated with diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC), only aaiC gene found in one AMR isolate. In general, the use of antimicrobials does not aim to treat rodents except for companion animals. However, our findings show the carriage of AMR and MDR E. coli in urban rodents and highlight the potential risk of rodents in Hanoi acting as a reservoir of transferable MDR E. coli, including ESBL-producing, colistin-resistant E. coli, and virulence-associated with DEC.Cryptosporidium, a waterborne protozoan parasite, has a substantial veterinary and medical impact worldwide. This parasite is more often recognized during waterborne outbreaks because of its resistance to chlorine disinfection, small size making it difficult to inactivate/eliminate through filtration, and presence in many animal species including humans. Migratory waterfowl, in addition to acting as mechanical carriers of Cryptosporidium oocysts, can also serve as natural reservoirs of infection by host-specific Cryptosporidium species. For better understanding of the extent of genetic diversity and inter-relationships among avian isolates of Cryptosporidium, 200 fecal samples of migratory ducks from the Tokachi subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan were collected and analyzed by nested PCR (N-PCR) at the 18S rRNA gene. N-PCR revealed that 11.5% (23/200) were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. Among all samples, sequence analysis identified that 10% (20/200) were 98-100% identical to Cryptosporidium avian genotype III. On the other hand, 1.5% (3/200) were 99-100% identical to C. baileyi. This is the first molecular study reporting the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in migratory ducks in Japan. Genetic diversity among Cryptosporidium isolates from humans and birds has been reported worldwide. Nevertheless, further studies are important to assess genetic variety and to elucidate the transmission dynamics of Cryptosporidium parasites.Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an intractable disease that causes heart failure mainly due to unexplained severe cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. HCM, which occurs in 0.2% of the general population, is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young people. HCM has been studied extensively using molecular genetic approaches. Genes encoding cardiac β-myosin heavy chain, cardiac myosin-binding protein C, and troponin complex, which were originally identified as causative genes, were subsequently reported to be frequently implicated in HCM. Indeed, HCM has been considered a disease of sarcomere gene mutations. However, fewer than half of patients with HCM have mutations in sarcomere genes. The others have been documented to have mutations in cardiac proteins in various other locations, including the Z disc, sarcoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, nucleus, and mitochondria. Next-generation sequencing makes it possible to detect mutations at high throughput, and it has become increasingly common to identify multiple cardiomyopathy-causing gene mutations in a single HCM patient. Elucidating how mutations in different genes contribute to the disease pathophysiology will be a challenge. In studies using animal models, sarcomere mutations generally tend to increase myocardial Ca2+ sensitivity, and some mutations increase the activity of myosin ATPase. Clinical trials of drugs to treat HCM are ongoing, and further new therapies based on pathophysiological analyses of the causative genes are eagerly anticipated.Health care reform is a worldwide problem. To address the problems of costs, access, quality, efficiency, and equity, China initiated healthcare reform in 2009. The progress of China's healthcare reform has been internationally recognized as the reform has expanded insurance coverage and improved access to and reduced the costs of care over the ten-year period from 2008 to 2018. To achieve sustainable goals, attention must be focused on whether and how the reform encourages physicians. This paper highlights the role of physicians, the challenges that need to be addressed, and the direction in which to advance health reform in China from the perspective of physicians. The slow-growing and aging physician population cannot meet the ever-increasing medical demand. Physicians have a heavy workload, work long hours, have unsatisfactory income, and have a fraught relationship with patients. The situation calls for rethinking the value of physicians and rebuilding trust between physicians and patients. Further healthcare reform is needed to equitably allocate physicians with adequate training, time, and resources to deliver evidence-based practices and patient-centered care.