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Bumped kinase inhibitors (BKIs) that target Cryptosporidium parvum calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 have been well established as potential drug candidates against cryptosporidiosis. Recently, BKI-1649, with a 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine, or "pyrrolopyrimidine", central scaffold, has shown improved efficacy in mouse models of Cryptosporidium at substantially reduced doses compared to previously explored analogs of the pyrazolopyrimidine scaffold. Here, two pyrrolopyrimidines with varied substituent groups, BKI-1812 and BKI-1814, were explored in several in vitro and in vivo models and show improvements in potency over the previously utilized pyrazolopyrimidine bumped kinase inhibitors while maintaining equivalent results in other key properties, such as toxicity and efficacy, with their pyrazolopyrimidine isosteric counterparts.It has been demonstrated that tailoring the properties of semiconductor/dielectric interfaces with fluorinated polymers yields better performance for organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). However, it remains a challenge to fabricate bottom-gate OFET devices on fluorinated dielectrics using solution-processed methods due to the poor wettability of fluorinated dielectrics. Here, we utilized the diffusion of fluorinated poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) to construct the fluorine-rich semiconductor/dielectric interface to achieve the fabrication of bottom-gate OFETs with a solution-processed poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) semiconductor layer. The consequences indicate that the fluorinated dielectrics can effectively decrease the charge traps density at the semiconductor/dielectric interface and promote the edge-on orientation of P3HT on the dielectric surface. Thus, the devices based on fluorinated PMMA modified dielectrics exhibit higher carrier mobility and electrical stability than those of the fluorine-free devices. Our investigation affords a new strategy for the design and interface optimization of devices, which may further advance the performance of OFET devices.In recent years, much attention has been focused on two-dimensional (2D) material-based synaptic transistor devices because of their inherent advantages of low dimension, simultaneous read-write operation and high efficiency. However, process compatibility and repeatability of these materials are still a big challenge, as well as other issues such as complex transfer process and material selectivity. In this work, synaptic transistors with an ultrathin organic semiconductor layer (down to 7 nm) were obtained by the simple dip-coating process, which exhibited a high current switch ratio up to 106, well off state as low as nearly 10-12 A, and low operation voltage of -3 V. Moreover, various synaptic behaviors were successfully simulated including excitatory postsynaptic current, paired pulse facilitation, long-term potentiation, and long-term depression. More importantly, under ultrathin conditions, excellent memory preservation, and linearity of weight update were obtained because of the enhanced effect of defects and improved controllability of the gate voltage on the ultrathin active layer, which led to a pattern recognition rate up to 85%. This is the first work to demonstrate that the pattern recognition rate, a crucial parameter for neuromorphic computing can be significantly improved by reducing the thickness of the channel layer. Hence, these results not only reveal a simple and effective way to improve plasticity and memory retention of the artificial synapse via thickness modulation but also expand the material selection for the 2D artificial synaptic devices.There is a need for gas separation membranes that can perform at high temperatures, for example, for CO2 capture in industrial processes. Polyphosphazenes classify as interesting materials for use under these conditions because of their high thermal stability, hybrid nature, and postfunctionalization options. In this work, thin-film composite cyclomatrix polyphosphazene membranes are prepared via the interfacial polymerization reaction between polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene on top of a ceramic support. The prepared polyphosphazene networks are highly crosslinked and show excellent thermal stability until 340 °C. Single gas permeation experiments at temperatures ranging from 50 to 250 °C reveal a molecular sieving behavior, with permselectivities as high as 130 for H2/CH4 at the low temperatures. The permselectivities of the membranes persist at the higher temperatures; at 250 °C H2/N2 (40), H2/CH4 (31) H2/CO2 (7), and CO2/CH4 (4), respectively, while maintaining permeances in the order of 10-7 to 10-8 mol m-2 s-1 Pa-1. Compared to other types of polymer-based membranes, especially the H2/N2 and H2/CH4 selectivities are high, with similar permeances. Consequently, the hybrid polyphosphazene membranes have great potential for use in high-temperature gas separation applications.The chemical complexity of single-phase multicationic oxides, commonly termed high entropy oxides (HEOs), enables the integration of conventionally incompatible metal cations into a single-crystalline phase. However, few studies have effectively leveraged the multicationic nature of HEOs for optimization of disparate physical and chemical properties. Here, we apply the HEO concept to design robust oxidation catalysts in which multicationic oxide composition is tailored to simultaneously achieve catalytic activity, oxygen storage capacity, and thermal stability. Unlike conventional catalysts, HEOs maintain single-phase structure, even at high temperature, and do not rely on the addition of expensive platinum group metals (PGM) to be active. The HEOs are synthesized through a facile, relatively low temperature (500 °C) sol-gel method, which avoids excessive sintering and catalyst deactivation. mTOR inhibitor Nanostructured high entropy oxides with surface areas as high as 138 m2/g are produced, marking a significant structural improvement over previously reported HEOs. Each HEO contained Ce in varying concentrations, as well as four other metals among Al, Fe, La, Mn, Nd, Pr, Sm, Y, and Zr. All samples adopted a fluorite structure. First row transition metal cations were most effective at improving CO oxidation activity, but their incorporation reduced thermal stability. Rare earth cations were necessary to prevent thermal deactivation while maintaining activity. In sum, our work demonstrates the utility of entropy in complex oxide design and a low-energy synthetic route to produce nanostructured HEOs with cations selected for a cooperative effect toward robust performance in chemically and physically demanding applications.Two-dimensional (2D) boron sheets (borophenes) are promising materials for the next generation of electronic devices because of their metallic conductivity. Molecular beam epitaxy has remained the main approach for the growth of borophene, which considerably restricts large-scale production of 2D boron sheets. The high melting point of boron and the growth of borophenes at moderate temperatures posed a significant challenge for the synthesis of borophenes. Employing diborane (B2H6) pyrolysis as a pure boron source, we report, for the first time, the growth of atomic-thickness borophene sheets by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). A methodical study on the effect of temperature, deposition rate, and pressure on the growth of 2D boron sheets is provided and detailed analyses about the morphology and crystalline phase of borophene sheets are presented. The CVD-borophene layers display an average thickness of 4.2 Å, χ3 crystalline structure, and metallic conductivity. We also present experimental evidence supporting the formation of stacked bilayer and trilayer borophene sheets. Our method paves the way for empirical investigations on borophenes.Integrating nanostructured active materials, antimicrobial components, and rational porous structures is one of the promising approaches for simultaneously boosting removal efficiency, antimicrobial capacity, mechanical property, hydrophobic performance, and air permeability of air filters. However, realizing these performances of an air filter still remains a big challenge. Herein, a multifunctional air filter zNFs-Ag@PT, which is composed of a unique substrate prepared from Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs)-paper towel (PT) microfibers and an upper layer formed from aligned zein nanofibers (zNFs) inspired by a "tug-of-war" repulsion force, is reported. The Ag@PT substrate is fabricated via in situ reduction; and zNFs are prepared by electrospinning a well-prepared zein Pickering emulsion onto a specially designed collector. The innovative collector is a partially conductive design composed of an insulative middle section and two conductive ends. It is demonstrated that the introduction of AgNPs not only endows the zNFs-Ag@PT filter with an effective antimicrobial activity but also provides the substrate with an anisotropic electric field to achieve stretched and aligned zein fibers forming thinner nanofibers than that without AgNPs. As a result, the filtration performances of a zNFs-Ag@PT filter are enhanced. This study initiates an effective way to fabricate bio-based multifunctional air filters with antimicrobial and filtration performances via combining nano- and biotechnology.Chemotherapy is currently the most universal therapeutics to tumor treatment; however, limited curative effect and undesirable drug resistance effect are the two major clinical bottlenecks. Herein, we develop a two-in-one cross-linking strategy to prepare a stimuli-responsive prodrug nanogel by virtue of delivering a combination of chemotherapeutic drugs of 10-hydroxy camptothecin and doxorubicin for ameliorating the deficiencies of chemotherapy and amplifying the cancer therapeutic efficiency. The obtained prodrug nanogel has both high drug loading capacity and suitable nanoscale size, which are beneficial to the cell uptake and tumor penetration. Moreover, the chemotherapeutic drugs are released from the prodrug nanogel in response to the reductive tumor microenvironment, enhancing tumor growth inhibition in vitro and in vivo by the synergistic DNA damage. Based on these results, the unique prodrug nanogel would be a promising candidate for satisfactory tumor treatment-based chemotherapy by a simple but efficient strategy.Hyperthyroidism is a clinical condition characterized by inappropriately high synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland. It has multiple aetiologies, manifestations and potential therapies. Graves' disease is the most common form of hyperthyroidism, due to the production of autoantibodies against thyrotropin receptor, capable of over-stimulating thyroid function. A reliable diagnosis of hyperthyroidism can be established on clinical grounds, followed by the evaluation of serum thyroid function tests (thyrotropin first and then free thyroxine, adding the measurement of free triiodothyronine in selected specific situations). The recent guidelines of both the American and European Thyroid Associations have strongly recommended the measurement of thyrotropin receptor autoantibodies for the accurate diagnosis and management of Graves' disease. If autoantibody test is negative, a radioiodine uptake should be performed. Considering the most recent laboratory improvements, binding assays can be considered the best first solution for the measurement of thyrotropin receptor autoantibodies in diagnosis and management of overt cases of Graves' disease.