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%), while map navigation was the least relevant (63.9%). Action plans were the most difficult topic, where only 55% knew when to utilize their action plans. Numeracy items challenged COPD patients the most. Conclusion We summarized findings from the development and preliminary testing stages of a new asthma/COPD HL tool. This tool will now be validated with a new cohort of patients. Practice Implications Knowledge gained in this study has been applied to the final version of the tool, which is currently being validated. © 2020 Poureslami et al.Purpose COPD-OSA (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-obstructive sleep apnea) overlap syndrome is associated with more frequent COPD acute exacerbations than COPD without OSA. With the application of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in COPD, bronchiectasis is commonly detected and is associated with disease severity. Sleep respiratory disease is also associated with bronchiectasis; however, the correlation between OSA and coexisted bronchiectasis in COPD (COPD-Bx) has not been reported yet. Patients and Methods A total of 124 consecutive patients with stable COPD were enrolled. All subjects completed the chest HRCT and nocturnal polysomnography (PSG). The scores of extent and severity in bronchiectasis were assessed based on the Smith method and the Bhalla scoring system. Clinical data, questionnaire, routine blood test data, blood levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and Immunoglobulin E, and the lymphocyte subtype were collected. Results Among all enrolled patients, 56.45% (70/124) were diagnosed as COPD-OSA based on the results of PSG screening. Bronchiectasis was detected in 42.86% (30/70) of the patients with COPD-OSA, but in 18.52% (10/54) of the patients without OSA (χ2=8.264, p=0.004). PSG screening revealed that COPD with OSA had a significantly higher apnea-hypopnea index and percent of time spent with oxygen saturation below 90% (T90). Higher values of CRP, T90, and lower CD4/CD8 in the COPD-Bx with OSA were detected compared to COPD-Bx without OSA. Correlation analysis showed that the Bhalla severity score was related to CD8 cell count (r=0.446, p less then 0.05) and CD4/CD8 (r=-0.357, p less then 0.05) in all the COPD-Bx patients. The Smith extent score was also associated with the values of CD8 count (r=0.388, p less then 0.05) and CD4/CD8 (r=-0.381, p less then 0.05). Conclusion The comorbid bronchiectasis was more common in COPD-OSA overlap syndrome patient and may be related to more severe hypoxia and increased systemic inflammation. © 2020 Yang et al.Introduction With increasing availability of different treatments for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), we sought to understand patient preferences for COPD treatment in the UK, USA, and Germany using a discrete choice experiment (DCE). Methods Qualitative research identified six attributes associated with COPD maintenance treatments ease of inhaler use, exacerbation frequency, frequency of inhaler use, number of different inhalers used, side effect frequency, and out-of-pocket costs. A DCE using these attributes, with three levels each, was designed and tested through cognitive interviews and piloting. It comprised 18 choice sets, selected using a D-efficient experimental design. Demographics and disease history were collected and the final DCE survey was completed online by participants recruited from panels in the UK, USA and Germany. Responses were analyzed using mixed logit models, with results expressed as odds ratios (ORs). Results Overall, 450 participants (150 per country) completed the Dl.Background and Aim The presence of malnutrition in hospitalized geriatric patients is associated with an increased risk of mortality. see more This study aimed to examine the performance of Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002) and Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) in predicting mortality for hospitalized geriatric patients in China. Methods A prospective analysis was performed in 536 hospitalized geriatric patients aged ≥65 years. Nutrition status was assessed using the MNA-SF and NRS2002 scales within 24 hrs of admission. Anthropometric measures and biochemical parameters were carried out for each patient. Patients were follow-up for up to 2.5 years. see more Results At baseline, 161 (30.04%) patients had malnutrition/nutritional risk according to NRS2002 assessment. According to MNA-SF, 284 (52.99%) patients had malnutrition/nutritional risk. Malnutrition/nutritional risk patients had lower anthropometric and biochemical parameters (P less then 0.05). NRS2002 and MNA-SF had a strong correlation with classical nutritional markers (P less then 0.05). NRS2002 versus MNA-SF showed moderate agreement (kappa=0.493, P less then 0.001). During a median follow-up time of 795 days (range 10-947 days), 118 (22%) participants died. The Kaplan-Meier curve demonstrated that malnutrition/nutritional risk patients according to NRS2002 or MNA-SF assessment had a higher risk of mortality than the normal nutrition patients (χ 2=17.67, P less then 0.001; χ 2=28.999, P less then 0.001, respectively). From the components of the Cox regression multivariate models, only the NRS2002 score was an independent risk factor influencing the mortality. Conclusion Both NRS2002 and MNA-SF scores could predict mortality in Chinese hospitalized geriatric patients. But only NRS2002 score was the independent predictor for mortality. © 2020 Zhang et al.Objective To explore the survival value of cytoreductive partial nephrectomy (cPN) in elderly with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (EmRCC) and evaluate the characteristics of patients who benefit from cPN. Materials and Methods This was a study including 6105 patients aged ≥65 years with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) queried from Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database between 2010 and 2015, among which 1264 patients underwent cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN), 78 patients underwent cPN and 1186 patients underwent cytoreductive radical nephrectomy (cRN). Kaplan-Meier (K-M) method and Cox proportional-hazards model (COX) were used to evaluate the survival prognosis. Overall survival (OS) was compared between groups using propensity score matching (PSM) to balance the effects of confounding factors such as general features and pathological features. At last, we constructed a nomogram visualization modelled by R language to predict survival. Results For patients with EmRCC, especially for male patients with tumors size ≤7 cm, N0 stage, or isolated metastases, cPN brought a better survival than cRN.