Cochranmose1998

The catalytic asymmetric creation of silicon-stereocenter silanes is a long-sought but far less developed topic, and only a handful of examples have been reported. Moreover, the construction of (more than) two stereocenters-containing chiral silanes is a more arduous task and remains unexploited. We herein report an unprecedented copper-catalyzed desymmetrizing protoboration of divinyl substituted silanes with bis(pinacolato)diboron (B 2 pin 2 ). This method allows facile preparation of an array of enantiomerically enriched boronate-substituted organosilanes bearing contiguous silicon- and carbon-stereocenters with exclusive regioselectivity and generally excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivity. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.BACKGROUND Numerous studies have been performed to investigate the association between the primary AZFc duplication and male infertility risk,however, the sample sizes have been small and the results have been controversial. A meta-analysis was performed to assess these associations. METHODS A systematic search was conducted to identify all relevant studies from the PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, CNKI and WanFang databases up to October 22, 2019. The odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the strength of associations. All of the statistical analyses were conducted by using RevMan 5.3 . RESULTS Eleven studies were identified that involved 3140 infertile men and 2280 fertile men. Overall, there was a statistically significant association between the primary AZFc duplication and male infertility (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.29-2.14,P less then 0.0001). In the subgroup analysis by ethnic group, a statistically significant association between the primary AZFc duplication and male infertility was observed in Asian men(OR = 2.26, 95% CI =1.64-3.12,P less then 0.00001), but not in European men(OR = 0.90, 95% CI =0.59-1.38,P=0.64).For subtypes of the primary AZFc duplication, a statistically significant association was observed between the gr/gr duplication-only(OR =2.71,95% CI =1.38-5.32,P=0.004)and infertility in Asian men.Asian men with the primary AZFc duplication resulting in more than four DAZ genes were found to be at an increased risk for infertility(OR =2.70,95% CI =1.49-4.89,P=0.001). CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis provides an unprecedented illustration of how the association between the primary AZFc duplication and male infertility may be dependent on ethnicity or geographic location.Furthermore ,gr/gr duplication or increased DAZ copy number can be detrimental to spermatogenesis in Asian men. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Fe-containing sludges DW/Fe were prepared by using electroflocculation treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater (DW) provided by a company. To further investigate the formation process and the properties of DW/Fe sludges and their application in anode materials of Li-ion battery, the DW/Fe sludges prepared from industrial wastewater were compared to three other sludges MB/Fe, RB/Fe, Ta/Fe prepared from model solutions containing either methyl blue (MB), rhodamine B (RB) or tartrazine (Ta). Also, DW/Fe sludges were calcined at 500 ℃ in N2 atmosphere, to form iron oxide/carbon composite C-DW/Fe. The composition and structure of the sludges and of the C-DW/Fe composite were analyzed through FTIR, XRD, TGA, SEM, TEM and XPS, and their performances as anode of Li-ion batteries were studied by adding different proportions of conductive agent (super P® conductive carbon black). Our results show that the sludges are a complex of Fe3O4 and organic matter. The specific capacity and stability can be improved during the charge-discharge test by increasing the amount of carbon black. More importantly, this improvement is more pronounced on DW/Fe that does not require high temperature carbonization, which means sludges can not only protect the environment and avoid waste of resources, but also can be directly and widely used in decentralized energy storage devices. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.SCOPE To assess the individual effects of dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on insulin resistance (IR), gut microbiome and gut metabolites in high-fat diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. METHODS AND RESULTS DIO mice were fed an either high-fat diet (HFD), EPA (1% wt/wt) enriched HFD, or DHA (1% wt/wt) enriched HFD for 15 weeks. Both EPA and DHA supplementation reversed hyperglycemia and IR but did not affect body weight in DIO mice while DHA exhibited a more pronounced ameliorative effect in male mice. Both EPA and DHA enriched Lactobacillus and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing species from Lachnospiraceae while reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-producing Bilophila and Escherichia/Shigella. Compared with EPA, DHA supplemented mice had more abundant propionic/butyric acid-producing bacteria, including Coprococcus, Butyricimonas synergistica, Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Intestinimonas, and less abundant LPS-correlated species Streptococcus and p-75-a5. The shifts in gut microbiome co-occurred with the changes in levels of propionic/butyric acid, circulating LPS and serotonin. SN-38 manufacturer Additionally, EPA/DHA supplementation attenuated adipose inflammation with upregulated GLUT4 and Akt phosphorylation, indicating the improvement of insulin signaling. CONCLUSIONS EPA and DHA differentially reversed IR and relieved adipose inflammation while modulating gut microbiome and SCFAs/LPS production, underscoring the gut-adipose axis as a primary target of EPA/DHA. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Microbes play an important role in biotransformation and biosynthesis of biofuels, natural products, and polymers. Therefore, microbial manufacturing has been widely used in medicine, industry, and agriculture. However, common strategies including enzyme engineering, pathway optimization, and host engineering are generally inadequate to obtain an efficient microbial production system. Transporter engineering provides an alternative strategy to promote the transmembrane transfer of substrates, intermediates, and final products in microbial cells and thus enhances production by alleviating feedback inhibition and cytotoxicity caused by final products. According to the current studies in transport engineering, native transporters usually have low expression and poor transportation ability, resulting in inefficient transport processes and microbial production. In this review, we comprehensively summarized current approaches for transporter mining, characterization, and verification. Practical approaches to enhance the transport system in engineered cells, such as balancing transporter overexpression and cell growth, and evolution of native transporters were discussed.