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Human genetic variation associates with the composition of the gut microbiome, yet its influence on clinical traits remains largely unknown. We analyzed the consequences of nearly a thousand gut microbiome-associated variants (MAVs) on phenotypes reported in electronic health records from tens of thousands of individuals. We discovered and replicated associations of MAVs with neurological, metabolic, digestive, and circulatory diseases. Five significant MAVs in these categories correlate with the relative abundance of microbes down to the strain level. We also demonstrate that these relationships are independently observed and concordant with microbe by disease associations reported in case-control studies. Moreover, a selective sweep and population differentiation impacted some disease-linked MAVs. Combined, these findings establish triad relationships among the human genome, microbiome, and disease. Consequently, human genetic influences may offer opportunities for precision diagnostics of microbiome-associated diseases but also highlight the relevance of genetic background for microbiome modulation and therapeutics.As a sedentary epithelium turns motile during wound healing, morphogenesis, and metastasis, the Golgi apparatus moves from an apical position, above the nucleus, to a basal position. This apical-to-basal repositioning of Golgi is critical for epithelial cell migration. Yet the molecular mechanism underlying it remains elusive, although microtubules are believed to play a role. Using live-cell and super-resolution imaging, we show that at the onset of collective migration of epithelial cells, Golgi stacks get dispersed to create an unpolarized transitional structure, and surprisingly, this dispersal process depends not on microtubules but on actin cytoskeleton. Golgi-actin interaction involves Arp2/3-driven actin projections emanating from the actin cortex, and a Golgi-localized actin elongation factor, MENA. While in sedentary epithelial cells, actin projections intermittently interact with the apically located Golgi, and the frequency of this event increases before the dispersion of Golgi stacks, at the onset of cell migration. Preventing Golgi-actin interaction with MENA-mutants eliminates Golgi dispersion and reduces the persistence of cell migration. Taken together, we show a process of actin-driven Golgi dispersion that is mechanistically different from the well-known Golgi apparatus fragmentation during mitosis and is essential for collective migration of epithelial cells.Social-emotional learning (SEL) is an educational model for improving social-emotional competences of all students and a long-term education program connecting school, home, and community. Although there has been active research to establish evidence-based practice (EBP) of SEL programs worldwide, the quality of SEL intervention studies which is an integral part of evaluating EBP was rarely investigated. In addition, prior meta-analytic studies focused only on the effectiveness of SEL programs conducted in Western society. In this sense, in order to contribute to establishing EBP of SEL programs, the current research sought to analyze both quality and effectiveness of SEL intervention studies conducted in Korea where SEL has been investigated and applied in classroom since 2010. To conduct this study, we selected 22 peer-reviewed articles (about 23 SEL programs) and analyzed their quality by Evidence-Based Intervention (EBI) indicators and calculated effect sizes using a meta-analysis. The results of the quality analysis revealed that SEL intervention studies had some limitations with a statistical analysis, use of measurement, a control group design, intervention fidelity, and external validity. The global effect size of SEL programs was 0.27, and the results from the effect size analyses by controlling variables showed that group compositions, the number of sessions, and session length were accountable for the variability of effect sizes. selleck compound Based on these findings, we discussed the directions for future research and practice on the EBP of SEL programs that can be appreciated by researchers worldwide.[This corrects the article DOI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010016.].This study aimed to compare under-18 association football players' performance (age = 17.7±1.0 years; playing experience = 9.0 ± 3.2 years) when manipulating the number of teammates and opponents during football game-based practices. Time-motion, individual and tactical-related variables were monitored when manipulating conditions with different number of teammates and opponents (11vs11, No-Sup, No-Inf; 11vs12, Low-Sup, Low-Inf; 11vs13, Mod-Sup, Mod-Inf; and 11vs14, High-Sup, High-Inf). Results showed that adding teammates promoted increases in the longitudinal synchronization from No-Sup to Mod-Sup (Cohen's d with 95% of confidence intervals 0.25 [0.12; 0.39]; p less then .001) and High-Sup (0.61 [0.41; 0.82]; p less then .001), while decreases in the distance to the nearest teammate, both in the offensive and defensive phases (p less then .001 and p = .005, respectively). In addition, it was observed lower distance covered while running when playing in High-Sup compared to No-Sup (0.30 [-0.01; 0.61]; p = .002) during the defensive phase. Attacking in numerical inferiority promoted a higher variability in the distance to the nearest teammate from No-Inf to High-Inf (0.83 [0.27; 1.38]; p = .044), while decreasing the physical demands, specifically distance covered while running (-0.49 [-0.99; 0.01]; p = .039). In turn, defending, mainly in high-inferiority, increased the total distance covered compared to No-Inf (0.61 [0.30; 0.91]; p less then .001) and led to a decrease in the distance to the nearest teammate (-0.90 [-1.35; -0.44]; p = .002). Overall, coaches may manipulate the number of teammates and opponents to promote distinct effects at the level of cooperation and opposition dynamical interactions.High-entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA NPs) emerged as catalysts with superior performances that are not shown in monometallic catalysts. Although many kinds of synthesis techniques of HEA NPs have been developed recently, synthesizing HEA NPs with ultrasmall particle size and narrow size distribution remains challenging because most of the reported synthesis methods require high temperatures that accelerate particle growth. This work provides a new methodology for the fabrication of ultrasmall and homogeneous HEA NPs using a continuous-flow reactor with a liquid-phase reduction method. We successfully synthesized ultrasmall IrPdPtRhRu HEA NPs (1.32 ± 0.41 nm), theoretically each consisting of approximately 50 atoms. This average size is the smallest ever reported for HEA NPs. All five elements are homogeneously mixed at the atomic level in each particle. The obtained HEA NPs marked a significantly high hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity with a very small 6 mV overpotential at 10 mA/cm-2 in acid, which is one-third of the overpotential of commercial Pt/C. In addition, although mass production of HEA NPs is still difficult, this flow synthesis can provide high productivity with high reproducibility, which is more energy efficient and suitable for mass production. Therefore, this study reports the 1 nm-sized HEA NPs with remarkably high HER activity and establishes a platform for the production of ultrasmall and homogeneous HEA NPs.The healthcare workforce in the United States is becoming increasingly diverse, gradually shifting society away from the historical overrepresentation of White men among physicians. However, given the long-standing underrepresentation of people of color and women in the medical field, patients may still associate the concept of doctors with White men and may be physiologically less responsive to treatment administered by providers from other backgrounds. To investigate this, we varied the race and gender of the provider from which White patients received identical treatment for allergic reactions and measured patients' improvement in response to this treatment, thus isolating how a provider's demographic characteristics shape physical responses to healthcare. A total of 187 White patients experiencing a laboratory-induced allergic reaction interacted with a healthcare provider who applied a treatment cream and told them it would relieve their allergic reaction. Unbeknownst to the patients, the cream was inert (an unscented lotion) and interactions were completely standardized except for the provider's race and gender. Patients were randomly assigned to interact with a provider who was a man or a woman and Asian, Black, or White. A fully blinded research assistant measured the change in the size of patients' allergic reaction after cream administration. Results indicated that White patients showed a weaker response to the standardized treatment over time when it was administered by women or Black providers. We explore several potential explanations for these varied physiological treatment responses and discuss the implications of problematic race and gender dynamics that can endure "under the skin," even for those who aim to be bias free.The purpose of this study is to compare differences between kinematic parameters of pediatric gait obtained by direct kinematics (DK) (Plug-in-Gait) and inverse kinematics (IK) (AnyBody) models. Seventeen healthy children participated in this study. Both lower extremities were examined using a Vicon 8-camera motion capture system and a force plate. Angles of the hip, knee, and ankle joints were obtained based on DK and IK models, and ranges of motion (ROMs) were identified from them. The standard error of measurement, root-mean-squared error, correlation r, and magnitude-phase (MP) metrics were calculated to compare differences between the models' outcomes. The determined standard error of measurement between ROMs from the DK and IK models ranged from 0.34° to 0.58°. A significant difference was found in the ROMs with the exception of the left hip's internal/external rotation. The mean RMSE of all joints' amplitudes exceeded the clinical significance limit and was 13.6 ± 4.0°. The best curve angles matching nature were found in the sagittal plane, where r was 0.79 to 0.83 and MP metrics were 0.05 to 0.30. The kinematic parameters of pediatric gait obtained by IK and DK differ significantly. Preferably, all of the results obtained by DK must be validated/verified by IK, in order to achieve a more accurate functional assessment of the individual. Furthermore, the use of IK expands the capabilities of gait analysis and allows for kinetic characterisation.

To explore the value of radiomics in the identification of lung adenocarcinomas with predominant lepidic growth in pure ground-glass nodules (pGGNs) larger than 10 mm.

We retrospectively analyzed CT images of 204 patients with large pGGNs (≥ 10 mm) pathologically diagnosed as minimally invasive adenocarcinomas (MIAs), lepidic predominant adenocarcinomas (LPAs), and non-lepidic predominant adenocarcinomas (NLPAs). All pGGNs in the two groups (MIA/LPA and NLPA) were randomly divided into training and test cohorts. Forty-seven patients from another center formed the external validation cohort. Baseline features, including clinical data and CT morphological and quantitative parameters, were collected to establish a baseline model. The radiomics model was built with the optimal radiomics features. The combined model was developed using the rad_score and independent baseline predictors. The performance of the models was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and compared using the DeLong test.