Schackcaspersen2982

Ferulic acid is a renewable chemical found in lignocellulose from grasses such as wheat straw and sugarcane. Pseudomonas putida is able to liberate and metabolize ferulic acid from plant biomass. Deletion of the hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA hydratase-lyase gene (ech) produced a strain of P. putida unable to utilize ferulic and p-coumaric acid, which is able to accumulate ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid from wheat straw or sugar cane bagasse. Further engineering of this strain saw the replacement of ech with the phenolic acid decarboxylase padC, which converts p-coumaric and ferulic acid into 4-vinylphenol and the flavor agent 4-vinylguaiacol, respectively. The engineered strain containing padC is able to generate 4-vinylguaiacol and 4-vinylphenol from media containing lignocellulose or Green Value Protobind lignin as feedstock, and does not require the addition of an exogenous inducer molecule. Biopolymerization of 4-vinylguaiacol and 4-vinylcatechol styrene products is also carried out, using Trametes versicolor laccase, to generate "biopolystyrene" materials on small scale.The complexity of registered nurses' work in the intensive care unit places them at risk of experiencing critical incident stress. Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics (1960/2013) was used to expand the meanings of work-related critical incident stress for registered nurses working with adults in the intensive care unit. Nine intensive care unit registered nurses participated in unstructured interviews. The interpretations emphasized that morally distressing experiences may lead to critical incident stress. Critical incident stress was influenced by the perception of judgment from co-workers and the organizational culture. Nurses in this study attempted to cope with critical incident stress by functioning in 'autopilot', temporarily altering their ability to critically think and to conceal emotions. Participants emphasized the importance of timely crisis interventions tailored to support their needs. This study highlighted that critical incident stress was transformative in how intensive care unit nurses practiced, potentially altering their professional self-identity. Work-related critical incident stress has implications for nurses, the discipline, and the health care system.Drought is an environmental factor that can severely influence plant development and distribution, and greatly affect the yield and economic value of crops. We characterized CmBBX19, a BBX family subgroup IV member gene, from the transcriptome database of Chrysanthemum morifolium in response to drought stress. Drought stress and ABA treatments downregulated the expression of CmBBX19. We generated CmBBX19-overexpressing (CmBBX19-OX) lines and CmBBX19-suppressing lines (CmBBX19-RNAi), and found that suppressed expression of CmBBX19 led to enhanced drought tolerance compared with the wild-type (WT) controls, while CmBBX19-OX lines exhibited reduced drought tolerance. Downstream gene analysis showed that CmBBX19 modulates drought tolerance mainly through inducing changes in the expression of ABA-dependent pathway genes, including protective protein, redox balance, and cell wall biogenesis genes, such as responsive to ABA 18 (RAB18), peroxidase 12 (PRX12), and cellulose synthase-like protein G2 (CSLG2). Moreover, CmBBX19 was shown to interact with CmABF3, a master ABA signaling component, to suppress expression of these downstream genes. We conclude that BBX19-ABF3 module functions in the regulation of drought tolerance of chrysanthemum through ABA dependent pathway.In this study, we propose that social media reduce users' moral sensitivity through the mediation of the perceived moral intensity of hostile comments, which leads to behavioral consequences for online shaming. Three separate studies were conducted to explore this statement. SF2312 Study 1 (N = 160) compared moral sensitivity between participants in simulated social media situations and a control group. Study 2 (N = 412) tested the mediating role of perceived moral intensity through self-rated questionnaires. Study 3 (N = 295) examined the behavioral consequences of reduced moral sensitivity on online shaming by manipulating social media and perceived moral intensity. Across these three studies with their different methodologies, we found consistent support for our prediction that social media reduce users' moral sensitivity. Also, our findings shed light on perceived moral intensity as a mediator. As expected, less perceived moral intensity and less moral sensitivity (as serial mediators) induced by social media led to a higher tendency to participate in online shaming. In addition, our research suggests that the harmful effects of social media could be restricted by improving users' perceived moral intensity in the form of reminders. These findings provide novel insights into the underlying mechanism of cyberviolence on social media and also contribute to the literature on the antecedents and consequences of moral sensitivity.Background Breast cancer and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are major health problems in the U.S. Despite these highly prevalent diseases, there is limited information on the effect of HCV infection among patients with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy and the potential challenges they face during treatment. Currently, there are no guidelines for chemotherapy administration in HCV-positive patients with breast cancer. Materials and methods We performed a retrospective case-control analysis on six patients with breast cancer with active HCV infection and 12 HCV-negative matched controls who received chemotherapy between January 2000 and April 2015. We investigated dose delays, dose changes, hospitalization, hematologic reasons for dose delays, and variation in blood counts during chemotherapy from the patients' medical records. Fisher's exact test was used for statistical comparison of the outcome variables between the two groups. Results When compared with the HCV-negative patients, the HCV-positive groher prospective investigations to confirm these findings are warranted in a larger patient population. Given that hepatitis C infection can be curable with direct-acting antivirals, treatment of hepatitis C may alleviate treatment challenges during chemotherapy and improve survival for patients with breast cancer.