Andersenthomas8975

The inhibition of GPR55 and ACCα blocked the effects of LPI, and the in vivo knockdown of GPR55 was sufficient to improve liver damage in mice fed a high fat diet and mice fed a methionine-choline-deficient diet. Finally, LPI promoted the initiation of hepatic stellate cells activation by stimulating GPR55 and activation of ACC. CONCLUSIONS The LPI/GPR55 system plays a role in the development of of NAFLD and NASH by activating ACC. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a non-IgE-mediated food allergy (1). Acute FPIES is typical and characterized by repetitive and often incoercible emesis starting 1-4 h after ingestion of the culprit food (1). Severe forms may result in dehydration or hypovolemic shock (1). In the absence of biomarkers, the diagnosis of FPIES is based on clinical presentation (1). Symptoms improve after exclusion of the culprit foods and acute FPIES occurs at re-exposure. FPIES generally resolves during the first years of life and an oral food challenge (OFC) is performed to assess tolerance, generally 12-18 months after the last reaction (1). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Recruitment is a primary determinant of the long-term dynamics of plant populations in changing environments. However, little information is known about the effects of anthropogenic environmental changes on reproductive ecology of trees. We evaluated the impact of experimentally induced 18 yr of drought on reproduction of three contrasting forest trees Quercus ilex, Phillyrea latifolia and Arbutus unedo. Rainfall reduction did not decrease tree fecundity. Drought, however, affected the allocation of resources in Q. ilex and A. unedo but not the more drought tolerant P. latifolia. Larger crop production by Q. ilex and A. unedo was associated with a stronger decrease in growth in the rainfall-reduction plots compared with the control plots, suggesting that these species were able to maintain their fecundity by shifting their allocation of resources away from growth. Our results indicated resistance to change in tree fecundity in Mediterranean-type forest subjected to an average 15% decrease in the amount of soil moisture, suggesting that these ecosystems may adapt to a progressive increase in arid conditions. However, the species-specific reductions in growth may indirectly affect future fecundity and ultimately shift community composition, even without immediate direct effects of drought on tree fecundity. © 2020 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2020 New Phytologist Trust.INTRODUCTION MRI has been increasingly used in radiation therapy to facilitate tumor and organ delineation and assess treatment response. Diffusion MRI can provide cellularity information and may enable functional-based treatment planning and adaptation. However, strong distortion associated with the conventional diffusion-weighted single-shot echo-planar imaging (DW-ssEPI) sequence is problematic for accurate target delineation. The goal of this work is to propose a 3D diffusion sequence with minimal distortion for radiation therapy applications. METHODS A 3D diffusion-prepared magnitude-stabilized balanced steady-state free precession sequence (DP-MS-bSSFP) was developed. A 2D navigator was acquired during the linear catalyzation stage of the bSSFP readout to estimate the phase, which was then used in a plane-by-plane low-rank constrained reconstruction to correct the shot-to-shot k-space inconsistency. A diffusion phantom was scanned to evaluate and compare the geometric reliability and ADC accuracy with tn the phantom. The mean TRE decreased from 2.09 mm to 0.70 mm. The percentage difference of the ADC values between the two diffusion sequences were less than 5.5% and 7% for the 0 °C and room temperature study, respectively. The DW-ssEPI had strong distortion and susceptibility-related artifacts at tissue air boundary, whereas distortion was minimal in DP-MS images. Overall, the mean/max TRE was over 2 mm/7 mm in the volunteers for DW-ssEPI, whereas less than 0.8 mm/2 mm for DP-MS. Good ADC agreement was observed for the white matter, the cerebellum, and the CSF based on the Bland-Altman plots. CONCLUSION A 3D diffusion sequence was developed and validated. It provided high-resolution diffusion imaging with mean distortion less than 1 mm at 1.5T, and is a promising imaging technique for treatment planning and adaptive radiotherapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Numerous non-meat ingredients such as hydrocolloids, starches, and fibers have been studied to improve texture characteristics and increase the ability to bind water in low-fat meat products. In this sense, pulses flours (lentil, chickpea, pea, and bean) were studied at two levels and various water/flour ratios to replace 10-44 % pork meat in low-fat burgers and determine the effect on their sensory and technological properties (cooking yield, expressible liquid, diameter reduction, and color and texture profile). BLU-554 inhibitor RESULTS All pork-meat burgers that included pulse flour showed higher cooking yields, lower diameter reductions, and expressible liquids than all-meat burgers which displayed better oil and water retention. Higher water additions resulted in burgers with less hardness. Burgers with 80 g kg -1 lentil flour in all water/flour ratios presented the lowest total color difference (ΔE) compared to the commercial control. Burgers with the higher level of all pulse flour tested and medium water levels showed acceptable sensory scores. CONCLUSIONS Partial pork meat replacement by different legume flour (lentil, chickpea, pea, and bean), at levels of 80 and 150 g kg -1 and water/flour ratios of 1250, 1600 and 2000 g kg -1 resulted in low-fat burgers with adequate physicochemical characteristics. Moreover, the sensorial evaluation of the formulations with the maximum flour addition and intermediate water/flour ratio showed that they had good sensorial acceptability with no effect of flour type. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) control antiviral and antitumor immunity by inducing antigen-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell responses. Controversy exists whether cDC1s also control CD4+ T helper 2 (Th2) cell responses, since suppressive and activating roles have been reported. DC activation status, controlled by the transcription factor NF-κB, might determine the precise outcome of Th-cell differentiation upon encounter with cDC1s. To investigate the role of activated cDC1s in Th2-driven immune responses, pulmonary cDC1s were activated by targeted deletion of A20/Tnfaip3, a negative regulator of NF-κB signaling METHODS To target pulmonary cDC1s, Cd207 (Langerin)-mediated excision of A20/Tnfaip3 was used, generating Tnfaip3fl/fl xCd207+/cre (Tnfaip3Lg-KO ) mice. Mice were exposed to house dust mite (HDM) to provoke Th2-mediated immune responses. RESULTS Mice harboring Tnfaip3-deficient cDC1s did not develop Th2-driven eosinophilic airway inflammation upon HDM exposure, but rather showed elevated numbers of IFNγ-expressing CD8+ T-cells. In addition, Tnfaip3Lg-KO mice harbored increased numbers of IL-12-expressing cDC1s and elevated PD-L1 expression in all pulmonary DC subsets. Blocking either IL-12 or IFNγ in Tnfaip3Lg-KO mice restored Th2-responses, whereas administration of recombinant IFNγ during HDM sensitization in C57Bl/6 mice blocked Th2-development. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the activation status of cDC1s, shown by their specific expression of co-inhibitory molecules and cytokines, critically contributes to the development of Th2-cell-mediated disorders, most likely by influencing IFNγ production in CD8+ T-cells. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Grading represents an essential criterion for the quality assurance of black tea. The main objectives of the study were to develop a highly robust model for Chinese black tea of seven grades based on cognitive spectroscopy. RESULTS Cognitive spectroscopy was proposed to combine near-infrared spectroscopy with machine learning and evolutionary algorithms, selected feature information from complex spectral data and showed the best results without human intervention. The NIRS measuring system was used to obtain the spectra of Chinese black tea samples of seven grades. The spectra acquired were preprocessed by standard normal variate transformation (SNV), multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and min/max normalization (MIN/MAX), and the optimal pretreating method was implemented using principal component analysis combined with linear discriminant analysis algorithm. Three feature selection evolutionary algorithms, which were a genetic algorithm (GA), simulated annealing (SA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), were compared to search the best preprocessed characteristic wavelengths. Cognitive models of Chinese black tea ranks were constructed using extreme learning machine (ELM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and support vector machine (SVM) methods based on the selected characteristic variables. Experimental results revealed that the PSO-SVM model showed the best predictive performance with the correlation coefficients of prediction set (Rp ) of 0.9838, the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.2460, and the correct discriminant rate (CDR) of 98.70%. The extracted feature wavelengths were only occupying 0.18% of the origin. CONCLUSION The overall results demonstrated that cognitive spectroscopy could be utilized as a rapid strategy to identify Chinese black tea grades. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.PURPOSE Prospective motion correction is arguably the 'silver bullet' solution for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies impacted by motion, applicable to almost any pulse sequence and immune from the spin history artifacts introduced by a moving object. In prospective motion correction, the magnetic field gradients and radio frequency waveforms are adjusted in real time in response to measured head motion so as to maintain the head in a stationary reference frame relative to the scanner. Vital for this approach are accurate and rapidly sampled head pose measurements, which may be obtained optically using cameras. However, most optical methods are limited by the need to attach physical markers to the skin, which leads to decoupling of head and marker motion and reduces the effectiveness of correction. In this work we investigate the feasibility and initial performance of a stereo optical motion tracking method which does not require any attached markers. METHODS The method relies on detecting distinctive nion parameters (compared to wireless MR-sensitive markers) was 0.08-0.41 ± 0.18 mm / 0.05-0.3 ± 0.12 degrees and 0.14-0.16 ± 0.12 mm / 0.08-0.17 ± 0.08 degrees for the small and large feature patches, respectively. In vivo results in human volunteers indicated sub-millimeter and sub-degree pose accuracy for all rotations and translations except the depth direction (max error 1.8 mm) when compared to a registration-based approach. CONCLUSIONS In both bench-top and in vivo experiments we demonstrate the feasibility of using very small feature patches directly on the skin to obtain high accuracy head pose measurements needed for motion-correction in MRI brain studies. The optical technique uses in-bore cameras and is consistent with the limited visibility of the forehead afforded by head coils used in brain imaging. Future work will focus on optimization of the technique and demonstration in prospective motion correction. 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