Hawleyriis8180
3% in PVI vs. 1.6% in PVI+CTI, p=0.31). The recurrence rate of typical AFL also was not different (0.5% in PVI vs. 0.5% in PVI+CTI, p=0.99).
In this large and long-term follow-up study, prophylactic CTI ablation had no benefit in patients with paroxysmal AF without typical AFL.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02031705.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02031705.
Preimplantation QRS-T morphology screening (TMS) is a composite tool for selecting subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S-ICD) candidates. Disodium Cromoglycate However, its role in predicting the patient's response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is uncertain.
A total of 55 consecutive de novo CRT candidates were enrolled between January 2016 and March 2017. Electrocardiogram (ECG) and TMS were performed before and soon after implantation. The ECG parameters were recorded, including QRS duration and morphology (such as ΔQRS_Index, QTc during biventricular pacing mode [BiV pacing QTc], and QRS/T ratio during biventricular pacing mode [BiV pacing QRS/T ratio]). TMS monitored three sensory vectors of the S-ICD. Six months after implantation, the responses to CRT were evaluated.
Thirty-nine patients (70.9%) passed the TMS during biventricular pacing mode. At the six-month follow-up, the number of responders and super-responders was significantly higher in the passing group than in the non-passing group (responders 31/39 [79.5%] vs. 5/16 [31.3%], p<0.001; super-responders 9/39 [23.1%] vs. 1/16 [6.3%], p=0.020). The super-response rate was higher among patients who passed all three vectors than among those who passed 1 or 2 vectors (3 vs. 2 vectors, p=0.018; 3 vs. 1 vector, p=0.003). A smaller left atrial diameter, vectors that passed TMS during biventricular pacing mode, and larger ΔQRS_Index values were independently associated with good CRT response.
Our study demonstrated that patients on CRT who pass the TMS during biventricular pacing mode are more likely to respond and super-respond to CRT.
Our study demonstrated that patients on CRT who pass the TMS during biventricular pacing mode are more likely to respond and super-respond to CRT.Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has recently been recognized as the single greatest unmet need in cardiovascular medicine. As the population ages and the comorbidity increases, the prevalence of HFpEF increases considerably. Even though there have been large numbers of studies on pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of HFpEF for latest years, there are no current pharmacologic interventions that can reduce mortality. HFpEF is currently understood as a heterogeneous syndrome originated from the interplay of cardiac and extracardiac abnormalities recognized by systemic inflammation, endothelial and coronary microvascular dysfunction, cardiomyocyte dysfunction and skeletal muscle dysfunction. The difficult "jigsaw puzzle" called HFpEF has been filled with some pieces, but it is still not enough to meet clinical needs. Here, we review recent evidences and unsolved problems about HFpEF to improve our understanding of HFpEF. Finally, we hope to accelerate to completion of the problematic "jigsaw puzzle".
Skin, the first barrier to pathogens, loses its integrity and function after an injury. The presence of an antibacterial dressing at the wound site may prevent bacterial invasion and also improve the healing process.
The current study aimed to fabricate a biomimetic membrane with antibacterial properties for healing chronic wounds.
The membranes, fabricated through electrospinning, are comprised of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) as the main biomaterial and antibacterial agent, respectively. Antibacterial activity, cell attachment and viability were tested to evaluate the biological properties of the membranes. The optimal cell compatible concentration of ZnO-NPs was determined for further studies. In vitro characterization of the membranes was performed to confirm their suitable properties for wound healing.
The antibacterial PEO/ZnO-NP membrane containing 2% of nanoparticles showed no cell toxicity, and human fibroblast cells were able to adhere and proliferate on tve the wound healing process.Antemortem tau positron emission tomography imaging suggests elevated tau pathology in autosomal dominant versus late-onset Alzheimer's disease at equivalent clinical stages, but does not implicate the specific tau pathologies responsible. Here we made stereological measurements of tau neurofibrillary tangles, neuritic plaques, and neuropil threads and found compared to late-onset Alzheimer's disease, autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease showed even greater tangle and thread burdens. Regional tau burden resembled that observed in tau imaging of a separate cohort at earlier clinical stages. Finally, our results suggest tau imaging measures total tau burden in Alzheimer's disease, composed predominantly of tangle and thread pathology.
This proof-of-concept study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of suppression of insulin secretion in the treatment of obesity.
A search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (up to January 1, 2020) that used drugs that directly suppress insulin secretion (diazoxide or octreotide) in the treatment of obesity. The extracted data were analyzed using random-effects meta-analysis.
A total of seven randomized controlled trials were included, with four using diazoxide and three using octreotide to suppress insulin secretion. Suppression of insulin secretion significantly reduced fasting insulin level (mean difference -3.94 mIU/L; 95% CI -7.40 to -0.47) but slightly increased fasting blood glucose level (mean difference 0.48 mmol/L; 95% CI 0.24 to 0.72). Following the suppression of insulin secretion, significant reductions in body weight (mean difference -3.19 kg; 95% CI -5.71 to -0.66), BMI (mean difference -1.65 kg/m
; 95% CI -2.41 to -0.90), and fat mass (mean difference -5.92 kg; 95% CI -8.28 to -3.56) were observed compared with placebo in the pooled data. No significant difference in fat-free mass was observed (mean difference 0.56 kg; 95% CI -0.40 to 1.52).
Results suggest that suppression of insulin secretion may lead to reduced body weight and fat mass with slightly increased blood glucose in individuals with obesity.
Results suggest that suppression of insulin secretion may lead to reduced body weight and fat mass with slightly increased blood glucose in individuals with obesity.
Changes in the secretion of gut-derived peptide hormones have been associated with the metabolic benefits of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. In this study, the effects of RYGB on anthropometrics, postprandial plasma hormone responses, and mRNA expression in small intestinal mucosa biopsy specimens before and after RYGB were evaluated.
In a cross-sectional study, 20 individuals with obesity undergoing RYGB underwent mixed meal tests and upper enteroscopy with retrieval of small intestinal mucosa biopsy specimens 3 months before and after surgery. Concentrations of circulating gut and pancreatic hormones during mixed meal tests as well as full mRNA sequencing of biopsy specimens were evaluated.
RYGB-induced improvements of body weight and composition, insulin resistance, and circulating cholesterols were accompanied by significant changes in postprandial plasma responses of pancreatic and gut hormones. Global gene expression analysis of biopsy specimens identified 2,437 differentially expressed genes after RYGB, including changes in genes that encode prohormones and G protein-coupled receptors.
RYGB affects the transcription of a wide range of genes, indicating that the observed beneficial metabolic effects of RYGB may rely on a changed expression of several genes in the gut. RYGB-induced changes in the expression of genes encoding signaling peptides and G protein-coupled receptors may disclose new gut-derived treatment targets against obesity and diabetes.
RYGB affects the transcription of a wide range of genes, indicating that the observed beneficial metabolic effects of RYGB may rely on a changed expression of several genes in the gut. RYGB-induced changes in the expression of genes encoding signaling peptides and G protein-coupled receptors may disclose new gut-derived treatment targets against obesity and diabetes.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether suppression of ovarian function (gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist [GnRH
]) for 24 weeks in premenopausal women approaching menopause causes changes in body composition and a decline in free-living physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and whether endurance exercise training attenuates the changes.
Premenopausal women who were approaching menopause (mean [SD] age 46 [3] years, BMI 26.3 [4.8] kg/m
) were randomized to 24 weeks of GnRH
(n = 14), GnRH
+ Exercise (n = 11), or placebo (n = 9). Endurance exercise was performed 4 days per week with the goal of expending 200 to 300 kcal per session. Primary outcome measurements included body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, total daily energy expenditure (TDEE), and PAEE by doubly labeled water, and resting energy expenditure (REE) by indirect calorimetry.
Changes in TDEE, PAEE, REE, or body composition were not different between groups. However, within the GnRH
group, fat mass increased (mean [SE] total 1.7 [0.4] kg, trunk 0.9 [0.2] kg, leg 0.6 [0.2] kg) and fat-free leg mass decreased (mean [SE] -0.4 [0.2] kg) significantly.
In premenopausal women approaching menopause, ovarian hormone suppression resulted in increased adiposity without alterations in TDEE, PAEE, or REE.
In premenopausal women approaching menopause, ovarian hormone suppression resulted in increased adiposity without alterations in TDEE, PAEE, or REE.
This randomized trial experimentally manipulated social status to assess effects on acute eating behavior and 24-hour energy balance.
Participants (n = 133 Hispanics; age 15-21 years; 60.2% females) were randomized to low social status ("LOW") or high social status ("HIGH") conditions in a rigged game of Monopoly (Hasbro, Inc.). Acute energy intake in a lunchtime meal was measured by food scales. Twenty-four-hour energy balance was assessed via summation of resting metabolic rate (metabolic cart), physical activity energy expenditure (accelerometer), thermic effect of food, and subtraction of twenty-four-hour energy intake (food diary).
In the total sample, no significant differences were observed by study condition at lunchtime. LOW females consumed a greater percent of lunchtime daily energy needs (37.5%) relative to HIGH females (34.3%); however, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.291). In males, however, LOW consumed significantly less (36.5%) of their daily energy needs relative to HIGH males (45.8%; P = 0.001). For 24-hour energy balance, sex differences were nearly significant (P = 0.057; LOW females surplus +200 kcal; HIGH males surplus +445 kcal). Food-insecure individuals consumed a nearly significant greater lunchtime percent daily energy than those with food security (40.7% vs. 36.3%; P = 0.0797).
The data demonstrate differential acute and 24-hour eating behavior responses between Hispanic male and female adolescents in experimentally manipulated conditions of low social status.
The data demonstrate differential acute and 24-hour eating behavior responses between Hispanic male and female adolescents in experimentally manipulated conditions of low social status.
