Locklearcook1835
QuAKE scores improved between baseline and endpoint the Attitudes composite increased from 49.4±6.1 to 59.1±5.7 (paired t 10.65, p < 0.001, Cohen's d 0.69), and the Knowledge composite from 13.3±1.2 to 13.9±0.8 (paired t 3.97, p < 0.001, Cohen's d 0.23).
These video-based educational materials proved easy to implement in the virtual classroom, were amenable to adaptation by end-use instructors, were well received by learners, and led to measurable changes in students' knowledge of and attitudes toward ECT.
These video-based educational materials proved easy to implement in the virtual classroom, were amenable to adaptation by end-use instructors, were well received by learners, and led to measurable changes in students' knowledge of and attitudes toward ECT.A code X is k-circular if any concatenation of at most k words from X, when read on a circle, admits exactly one partition into words from X. It is circular if it is k-circular for every integer k. While it is not a priori clear from the definition, there exists, for every pair [Formula see text], an integer k such that every k-circular [Formula see text]-letter code over an alphabet of cardinality n is circular, and we determine the least such integer k for all values of n and [Formula see text]. The k-circular codes may represent an important evolutionary step between the circular codes, such as the comma-free codes, and the genetic code.The multimammate mouse (Mastomys natalensis; M. natalensis) serves as the main reservoir for the zoonotic arenavirus Lassa virus (LASV), and this has led to considerable investigation into the distribution of LASV and other related arenaviruses in this host species. In contrast to the situation with arenaviruses, the presence of other viruses in M. natalensis remains largely unexplored. #link# In this study, herpesviruses and polyomaviruses were identified and partially characterized by PCR methods, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. In tissues sampled from M. natalensis populations in Côte d'Ivoire and Mali, six new DNA viruses (four betaherpesviruses, one gammaherpesvirus and one polyomavirus) were identified. Phylogenetic analysis based on glycoprotein B amino acid sequences showed that the herpesviruses clustered with cytomegaloviruses and rhadinoviruses of multiple rodent species. The complete circular genome of the newly identified polyomavirus was amplified by PCR. Amino acid sequence analysis of the large T antigen or VP1 showed that this virus clustered with a known polyomavirus from a house mouse (species Mus musculus polyomavirus 1). These two polyomaviruses form a clade with other rodent polyomaviruses, and the newly identified virus represents the third known polyomavirus of M. natalensis. This study represents the first identification of herpesviruses and the discovery of a novel polyomavirus in M. natalensis. In contrast to arenaviruses, we anticipate that these newly identified viruses represent a low zoonotic risk due to the normally highly restricted specificity of members of these two DNA virus families to their individual mammalian host species.
An integrative comparative transcriptomic approach on six sugar beet varieties showing different amount of sucrose loss during storage revealed genotype-specific main driver genes and pathways characterizing storability. Sugar beet is next to sugar cane one of the most important sugar crops accounting for about 15% of the sucrose produced worldwide. Since its processing is increasingly centralized, storage of beet roots over an extended time has become necessary. Sucrose loss during storage is a major concern for the sugar industry because the accumulation of invert sugar and byproducts severely affect sucrose manufacturing. This loss is mainly due to ongoing respiration, but changes in cell wall composition and pathogen infestation also contribute. While some varieties can cope better during storage, the underlying molecular mechanisms are currently undiscovered. We applied integrative transcriptomics on six varieties exhibiting different levels of sucrose loss during storage. Already prior to Withaferin A in vivo , welgs, transcriptomics identified changes in genes involved in cell wall modifications. After 13 weeks of storage, over 900 differentially expressed genes were detected between well and badly storable varieties, mainly in the category of defense response but also in carbohydrate metabolism and the phenylpropanoid pathway. These findings were confirmed by gene co-expression network analysis where hub genes were identified as main drivers of invert sugar accumulation and sucrose loss. Our data provide insight into transcriptional changes in sugar beet roots during storage resulting in the characterization of key pathways and hub genes that might be further used as markers to improve pathogen resistance and storage properties.Doxorubicin (Dox) is a widely neoplasm chemotherapeutic drug with high incidences of cardiotoxicity. Prodigiosin (PG), a red bacterial pigment from Serratia marcescens, has been demonstrated to potentiate Dox's cytotoxicity against oral squamous cell carcinoma cells through elevating Dox influx and identified as a Dox enhancer via PG-induced autophagy; however, toxicity of normal cell remains unclear. This study is conducted to evaluate putative cytotoxicity features of PG/Dox synergism in the liver, kidney, and heart cells and further elucidate whether PG augmented Dox's effect via modulating Dox metabolism in normal cells. Murine hepatocytes FL83B, cardio-myoblast h9c2, and human kidney epithelial cells HK-2 were sequentially treated with PG and Dox by measuring cell viability, cell death characteristics, oxidative stress, Dox flux, and Dox metabolism. PG could slightly significant increase Dox cytotoxicity in all tested normal cells whose toxic alteration was less than that of oral squamous carcinoma cells. The augmentation of Dox cytotoxicity might be attributed to the increase of Dox-mediated ROS accumulation that might cause slight reduction of Dox influx and reduction of Dox metabolism. It was noteworthy to notice that sustained cytotoxicity appeared in normal cells after PG and Dox were removed. Taken together, moderately metabolic reduction of Dox might be ascribed to the mechanism of increase Dox cytotoxicity in PG-induced normal cells; nevertheless, the determination of PG/Dox dose with sustained cytotoxicity in normal cells needs to be comprehensively considered.This study explored the function and mechanism of RAD50 interactor 1 (RINT1), Zeste white 10 (ZW10) or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene-1 (NAG-1) in cell growth of colon cancer. The mRNA expression of RINT1 was suppressed in patients with colon cancer. In addition, disease free survival (DFS) in colon cancer patients with high expression of RINT1, ZW10 and NAG-1 were promoted compared with colon cancer patients with low expression of RINT1, ZW10 and NAG-1. Over-expression of RINT1, ZW10 or NAG-1 reduced colon cancer cell growth, migration and invasion in vitro model. In contrast, down-regulation of RINT1, ZW10 or NAG-1 promoted colon cancer cell growth, migration and invasion in vitro model. Over-expression of RINT1 promoted while down-regulation of RINT1 suppressed ZW10 and NAG-1 expression. Following knockdown of ZW10 and NAG-1 protein expressions, RINT1 induced changes of colon cancer cell growth, migration and invasion were inhibited. Taken together, it is indicated that RINT1 is a new suppression target to reduce cell growth, migration and invasion of colon cancer by targeting ZW10/NAG-1.
Our aim was to evaluate the rhinological changes during hypothyroid and euthyroid periods in patients with acquired hypothyroidism.
The newly diagnosed 40 adult patients with hypothyroidism who presented to the Endocrinology clinic at a tertiary hospital were enrolled in the study. Patients having blood thyroid-stimulating hormone levels greater than 4.95IU/dl were consulted to the ENT clinic. Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scores, Peak Nasal Inspiratory Flow rates and nasalmucociliary clearancetime of patients were noted before and 4months after the oral levothyroxine sodium tablet treatment.
Of the patients included in the study, 34 (85%) were females and 6 (15%) were males. The mean thyroid-stimulating hormone values before the treatment was 10.01 ± 3.31IU/dl and 4.03 ± 2.45IU/dl at the end of the treatment. The difference in values was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The mean mucociliary clearancetime before treatment was 8.03 ± 3.29min and 7.35 ± 2.87min at the end of treatment. The decrease in mucociliary clearancetime was statistically significant (p = 0.001). We did not detect any significant difference between pre- and posttreatment values of nasal obstruction symptom evaluation scores and peak nasal inspiratory flow rates.
The patients with hypothyroidism have prolonged mucociliary clearance time in hypothyroid period of the disease. Regarding to this data, we may recommend clinicians to follow-up these patients more closely for respiratory tract diseases and sinonasal infections.
The patients with hypothyroidism have prolonged mucociliary clearance time in hypothyroid period of the disease. link2 Regarding to this data, we may recommend clinicians to follow-up these patients more closely for respiratory tract diseases and sinonasal infections.
Several studies have been performed using recently developed smartphone-based acoustic analysis techniques. We investigated the effects of septoplasty and turbinoplasty in patients with nasal septal deviation and turbinate hypertrophy accompanied by snoring by recording the sounds of snoring using a smartphone and performing acoustic analysis.
A total of 15 male patients who underwent septoplasty with turbinoplasty for snoring and nasal obstruction were included in this prospective study. Preoperatively and 2months after surgery, their bed partners or caregivers were instructed to record the snoring sounds. The intensity (dB), formant frequencies (F
, F
, F
, and F
), spectrogram pattern, and visual analog scale (VAS) score were analyzed for each subject.
Overall snoring sounds improved after surgery in 12/15 (80%) patients, and there was significant improvement in the intensity of snoring sounds after surgery (from 64.17 ± 12.18dB to 55.62 ± 9.11dB, p = 0.018). There was a significant difference in the F
formant frequency before and after surgery (p = 0.031), but there were no significant differences in F
, F
, or F
. The change in F
indicated that patients changed from mouth breathing to normal breathing. The degree of subjective snoring sounds improved significantly after surgery (VAS from 5.40 ± 1.55 to 3.80 ± 1.26, p = 0.003).
Our results confirm that snoring is reduced when nasal congestion is improved, and they demonstrate that smartphone-based acoustic analysis of snoring sounds can be useful for diagnosis.
Our results confirm that snoring is reduced when nasal congestion is improved, and they demonstrate that smartphone-based acoustic analysis of snoring sounds can be useful for diagnosis.
To evaluate the evolution of chemosensation via extended psychophysical testing in patients who suffered from sudden chemosensory loss due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Additionally, this study sought to determine whether odor threshold testing provided additional information on olfactory loss due to COVID-19 compared to the more common odor identification testing.
Prospective cohort study of patients with sudden chemosensory loss since February 2020 and confirmed COVID-19 infection via RT-PCR or serology testing. Olfactory function was tested extensively using the "Sniffin Sticks" test battery. In addition, we screened gustatory perception and nasal cooling sensations using psychophysical tests.
Seventy-two patients completed the study. link3 After a mean of 37days, 37% of patients showed olfactory dysfunction, 7% were dysgeusic, and 48% showed signs of low sensitivity for cooling sensation. A longer duration of anosmia before smell improvement was correlated with lower olfactory function at 5weeks.
