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tarda CGH9 was high (89.00±15.56) compared to the T1 group (78.00±0.00). Furthermore, the catfish administered with a booster dose of E. tarda OMPs with or without AH adjuvant showed no additional increase in immune response or protective immunity. These results suggested that E. tarda OMPs and AH adjuvant complex has a higher potential to induce protective immunity, which may be a good choice as a vaccine to combat E. tarda infection in catfish.Trace minerals participate in reproductive processes and are crucial for oocyte maturation. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of combined supplementation with copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) during bovine in vitro maturation (IVM) on subsequent embryo development and quality. The IVM medium was supplemented as follows a) Control (no mineral supplementation); b) MScz (6 ng/mL Mn + 100 ng/mL Se + 200 ng/mL Cu + 400 ng/mL Zn); c) MScZ (6 ng/mL Mn + 100 ng/mL Se + 200 ng/mL Cu + 1200 ng/mL Zn); d) MSCz (6 ng/mL Mn + 100 ng/mL Se + 600 ng/mL Cu + 400 ng/mL Zn). Supplementation with MScz and MSCz produced more blastocysts compared with the control. Total blastocyst cell number was higher when minerals were added at any combination. Day-8 blastocysts derived from oocytes treated with minerals had lower intracellular reactive oxygen species concentration and lipid content than the control. In conclusion, combined supplementation with Cu, Mn, Se and Zn during bovine oocyte IVM increased in vitro production performance, improving embryo developmental ability and quality.
Aging of the worldwide population has been observed, and postoperative outcomes could be worse in elderly patients. This nationwide study assessed trends in number of surgical resections in octogenarians regarding various major surgical procedures and associated postoperative outcomes.
All patients who underwent surgery between 2014 and 2018 were included from Dutch nationwide quality registries regarding esophageal, stomach, pancreas, colorectal liver metastases, colorectal cancer, lung cancer and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). For each quality registry, the number of patients who were 80years or older (octogenarians) was calculated per year. Postoperative outcomes were length of stay (LOS), 30day major morbidity and 30day mortality between octogenarians and younger patients.
No increase in absolute number and proportion of octogenarians that underwent surgery was observed. Median LOS was higher in octogenarians who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer, colorectal liver metastases, lung cancer, pes were worse in octogenarians.
Besides the prototypical hepatitis B virus (HBV) infectious particle, which contains a full-length double-stranded DNA (flDNA), additional circulating virus-like particles, which carry pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), spliced1RNA (sp1RNA) or spliced-derived DNA (defDNA) forms have been described. We aimed to determine the level of these four circulating forms in patients and to evaluate their impact on viral lifecycle.
Chronic HBV untreated patients (n = 162), included in the HEPATHER cohort, were investigated. Pangenomic qPCRs were set up to quantify the four circulating forms of HBV nucleic acids (HBV
). In vitro infection assays were performed to address the impact of HBV
.
Hierarchical clustering individualized two clusters of HBV
diversity among patients (1) cluster 1 (C1) showing a predominance of flDNA; (2) cluster 2 (C2) showing various proportions of the different forms. HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis phase and higher viral load (7.0 ± 6.4 vs 6.6 ± 6.2 Log
copies/ml; p < 0.001) characterized C2 compared to C1 patients. Among the different HBV
, pgRNA was more prevalent in C1 patients with high vs low HBV viral load (22.1% ± 2.5% vs 4.1% ± 1.8% of HBV
, p < 0.0001) but remained highly prevalent in C2 patients, whatever the level of replication. C2 patients samples used in infection assays showed that (1) HBV
secretion was independent of the viral strain; (2) the viral cycle efficiency differed according to the proportion of HBV
in the inoculum, independently of cccDNA formation. Inoculum enrichment before infection suggests that pgRNA-containing particles drive this impact on viral replication.
Besides the critical role of HBV replication in circulating HBV
diversity, our data highlight an impact of this diversity on the dynamics of viral cycle.
Patients were included from a prospective multicenter French national cohort (ANRS CO22 HEPATHER, NCT01953458).
Patients were included from a prospective multicenter French national cohort (ANRS CO22 HEPATHER, NCT01953458).Identifying gay neighborhoods could help in targeting HIV prevention efforts for men who have sex with men. This study's purpose was to identify gay neighborhoods using latent class analysis (LCA). Data at the ZIP code level were drawn from the American Community Survey, website lists of gay bars and neighborhoods, and the Florida Department of Health HIV surveillance system. A two-class model was selected based on fit. About 9% of the ZIP code data was in class two, which was designated as gay neighborhoods. Cohen's kappa coefficient was used to examine agreement between the classification of ZIP codes from LCA and websites. Fair agreement was found (0.2501). Gay neighborhoods could serve as a place to disseminate information about pre-exposure prophylaxis and other methods for HIV prevention. Improved measures, such as the planned question about same-sex spouses for the 2020 US Census, are needed to identify gay neighborhoods in population-level surveys.This work describes the development of a novel method for quantitative mapping of Hg and Se in mushroom fruit body tissues with laser ablation coupled to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Different parameters of the protocol for preparation of the standards used for quantification via external calibration were assessed, e.g., the dissolution temperature of gelatin standards and the addition of chitosan and L-cysteine as additives to the gelatin-based calibration droplets to better match the sample matrix. While chitosan was not suited for this purpose, the presence of L-cysteine considerably improved the figures of merit of the calibration, leading to limits of detection of 0.006 and 0.3 µg g-1 for Hg and Se, respectively, at a pixel size of 20 × 20 µm. Further, an in-house reference material, ideally suited for the validation of the method for application to mushroom samples, was successfully prepared from a paste of Boletus edulis. The newly developed method was used to investigate the distribution of Hg and Se in tissue sections of five porcini mushroom individuals of three different species (Boletus edulis, Boletus aereus, and Boletus pinophilus) and one sample of a parasol mushroom (Macrolepiota procera). For one sample, additional areas were ablated at higher spatial resolution, with a laser spot size down to 5 µm, which allows a detailed investigation of the spatial distribution of Hg and Se in mushrooms.In this paper is reported the selective colorimetric detection and quantification of carbidopa, an inhibitor of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, in the co-presence of levodopa as dopamine precursor in pharmaceutical formulations for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The method is based on the selective condensation reaction between the hydrazine group from carbidopa and the formyl functional group of vanillin, a natural flavoring agent, in acidified alcoholic solution. The yellow color development (λmax ~ 420 nm) due to the formation of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldazine (HMOB) was observed for carbidopa only, whereas levodopa, lacking the hydrazine group, did not color the solution, as expected. The calibration curves for two tablet formulations of levodopa in combination with carbidopa (41) were superimposable with levodopa/carbidopa (41), as well as carbidopa alone, in standard solution, i.e., the excipients and additives did not interfere with carbidopa determination, corresponding to a mean recovery about 105%. The linear dynamic range was between 5.00 and 50.0 mg L-1 with very good reproducibility within this range (CVav% about 3-4%) and very good sensitivity, with limits of quantification of about 1 mg L-1. The colorimetric method developed here is very simple, inexpensive, and effective for drug estimation and quality control of pharmaceutical formulations.Obesity represents an important risk factor for prostate cancer, driving more aggressive disease, chemoresistance, and increased mortality. White adipose tissue (WAT) overgrowth in obesity is central to the mechanisms that lead to these clinical observations. Adipose stromal cells (ASCs), the progenitors to mature adipocytes and other cell types in WAT, play a vital role in driving PCa aggressiveness. ASCs produce numerous factors, especially chemokines, including the chemokine CXCL12, which is involved in driving EMT and chemoresistance in PCa. A greater understanding of the impact of WAT in obesity-induced progression of PCa and the underlying mechanisms has begun to provide opportunities for developing interventional strategies for preventing or offsetting these critical events. These include weight loss regimens, therapeutic targeting of ASCs, use of calorie restriction mimetic compounds, and combinations of compounds as well as specific receptor targeting strategies.Cold habitat is considered a potential source for detergent industry enzymes. This study aims at the metagenomic investigation of Tsomgo lake for taxonomic and functional annotation, unveiling the deterzome potential of the residing microbiota at this site. The present investigation revealed molecular profiling of microbial community structure and functional potential of the high-altitude Tsomgo lake samples of two different temperatures, harvested during March and August. Bacteria were found to be the most dominant phyla, with traces of genomic pieces of evidence belonging to archaea, viruses, and eukaryotes. Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were noted to be the most abundant bacterial phyla in the cold lake. In-depth metagenomic investigation of the cold aquatic habitat revealed novel genes encoding detergent enzymes, amylase, protease, and lipase. Further, metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) belonging to the psychrophilic bacterium, Arthrobacter alpinus, were constructed from the metagenomic data. The annotation depicted the presence of detergent enzymes and genes for low-temperature adaptation in Arthrobacter alpinus. Psychrophilic microbial isolates were screened for lipase, protease, and amylase activities to further strengthen the metagenomic findings. A novel strain of Acinetobacter sp. click here was identified with the dual enzymatic activity of protease and amylase. The bacterial isolates exhibited hydrolyzing activity at low temperatures. This metagenomic study divulged novel genomic resources for detergent industry enzymes, and the bacterial isolates secreting cold-active amylase, lipase, and protease enzymes. The findings manifest that Tsomgo lake is a potential bioresource of cold-active enzymes, vital for various industrial applications.
