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This study reveals that greater eveningness is associated with poorer sleep quality among 1st-year college students, which may lead to severer depression, and highlights the importance of resilience training in reducing depressive symptoms.
The anatomical complexity of the pelvis creates challenges for orthopaedic oncologists to accurately and safely resect tumors involving the sacroiliac joint. Current technology may help overcome these obstacles.
Four fellowship-trained orthopaedic oncologists performed 22 all-posterior sacroiliac cuts using freehand, computerized navigation, and patient-specific cutting guides on a Sawbones male pelvis model. Cut accuracies to preoperative planned margins were analyzed via a high-resolution optical scanner. Soft tissue damage was determined by visually inspecting the Sawbones foam placed on the far side of the cut.
Within 5 mm of the margins, the freehand technique resulted in 67.0% cut accuracy, the navigation technique had 71.1%, and the patient-specific cutting guide technique had 85.6% (P = .093). Within 2 mm, the techniques showed an accuracy of 25.8%, 32.5%, and 47.5%, respectively (P = .022). Regarding soft tissue damage, the freehand technique exhibited minimal penetration damage for 16.7% of the cuts, while navigation and patient-specific guide techniques exhibited 25.0% and 75.0%, respectively (P = .046). Years of surgical experience of the operator (1-7) did not influence the cut accuracy for any method.
Under ideal conditions, patient-specific guide technology possesses the same or better accuracy as other cutting techniques as well as the circumvention of soft tissue damage.
Under ideal conditions, patient-specific guide technology possesses the same or better accuracy as other cutting techniques as well as the circumvention of soft tissue damage.Infections with any pathogen can be severe and present with numerous complications caused by the pathogen or the host immune response to the invading microbe. However, coinfections, also called polymicrobial infections or secondary infections, can further exacerbate disease. Coinfections are more common than is often appreciated. In this review, we focus specifically on coinfections between viruses and other viruses, bacteria, parasites, or fungi. Importantly, innate immune signaling and innate immune cells that facilitate clearance of the initial viral infection can affect host susceptibility to coinfections. Understanding these immune imbalances may facilitate better diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of such coinfections.Aldicarb, a carbamate pesticide, is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, with oral median lethal dose (LD50 ) estimates in rats ranging from 0.46 to 0.93 mg/kg. A three-phase approach was used to comprehensively assess aldicarb as an oral-ingestion hazard. First, the solubility of aldicarb in popular consumer beverages (bottled water, apple juice, and 2% milk) was assessed. Lethality was then assessed by administering aldicarb in bottled water via gavage. A probit model was fit to 24-h survival data and predicted a median lethal dose of 0.83 mg/kg (95% CI 0.54-1.45 mg/kg; slope 4.50). Finally, organoleptic properties (e.g., taste, smell, and texture) were assessed by allowing rats to voluntarily consume 3.0 mL of the above beverages as well as liquid eggs adulterated with aldicarb at various concentrations. This organoleptic assessment determined that aldicarb was readily consumed at lethal and supralethal doses. Overt toxic signs presented within 5 min post-ingestion, and all rats died within 20 min after consuming the highest concentration (0.542 mg/mL), regardless of amount consumed. Because rats have more developed chemoreceptive capabilities than humans, these results suggest that aldicarb may be consumed in toxic or even lethal concentrations by humans in a variety of beverages or foods.Neural tube defects (NTDs) are serious congenital malformations. In this study, we aimed to identify more specific and sensitive maternal serum biomarkers for noninvasive NTD screenings. We collected serum from 37 pregnant women carrying fetuses with NTDs and 38 pregnant women carrying normal fetuses. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation were conducted for differential proteomic analysis, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to validate the results. We then used a support vector machine (SVM) classifier to establish a disease prediction model for NTD diagnosis. We identified 113 differentially expressed proteins; of these, 23 were either up- or downregulated 1.5-fold or more, including five complement proteins (C1QA, C1S, C1R, C9, and C3); C3 and C9 were downregulated significantly in NTD groups. The accuracy rate of the SVM model of the complement factors (including C1QA, C1S, and C3) was 62.5%, with 60% sensitivity and 67% specificity, while the accuracy rate of the SVM model of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP, an established biomarker for NTDs) was 62.5%, with 75% sensitivity and 50% specificity. Combination of the complement factor and AFP data resulted in the SVM model accuracy of 75%, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed 75% sensitivity and 75% specificity. These data suggest that a disease prediction model based on combined complement factor and AFP data could serve as a more accurate method of noninvasive prenatal NTD diagnosis.Traits are critical in predicting decomposition that fuels carbon and nutrient cycling in ecosystems. However, our understanding of root trait-decomposition linkage, and especially its dependence on mycorrhizal type and environmental context, remains limited. We explored the control of morphological and chemical (carbon- and nutrient-related) traits over decomposition of absorptive roots in 30 tree species associated with either arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) or ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi in temperate and subtropical forests in China. Carbon-related traits (acid-unhydrolysable residue (AUR) and cellulose concentrations) had predominant control of root decomposition in AM species while nutrient-related traits (magnesium concentration) predominately controlled that in ECM species. Thicker absorptive roots decomposed faster in AM species as a result of their lower AUR concentrations, but more slowly in ECM angiosperm species potentially as a result of their higher magnesium concentrations. Root decomposition was linked to root nutrient economy in both forests while root diameter-decomposition coordination emerged only in the subtropical forest where root diameter and decomposition presented similar cross-species variations. Our findings suggest that root trait-decomposition linkages differ strongly with mycorrhizal type and environment, and that root diameter can predict decomposition but in opposing directions and with contrasting mechanisms for AM and ECM species.In 2000, David Satcher wrote, Oral Health in America A Report of the Surgeon General, and stated that "oral health means much more than healthy teeth," and he challenged all health providers to step up and be a part of the improvement of the nation's oral health status. Over the past few decades, the heightened awareness of these oral health inequities within the United States has resulted in public policy stakeholders and scholars, similarly calling for the improvement of the nation's oral health status. Satcher also suggested that saliva may provide clues to a patient's overall health and a possible predictor of systemic disease. There have been several articles that have demonstrated an increased risk of systemic diseases with circulating inflammatory mediators, a reduction in treatment cost for pregnant women who received treatment for their clinically diagnosed periodontal disease. Health profession education has responded to the call for transforming the health system by developing graduates who are capable for working in an environment designed to improve the overall health of patients. Therefore, this article examines why oral health professionals have a significant opportunity to contribute to the improvement overall health of patients and participate in healthcare transformation.
Little is known about the diagnostic approaches for immediate hypersensitivity reactions (IHRs) due to 5-nitroimidazole antibiotics. The aim was to evaluate the usefulness of in vivo tests and basophil activation test (BAT) for the diagnosis of IHRs due to metronidazole and ornidazole and to determine possible cross-reactivity in between.
Forty-nine patients with a clear history of IHRs due to these drugs and 20 healthy subjects who were known to tolerate these drugs were included. Skin tests (STs) and single-blind placebo-controlled drug provocation tests (SBPCDPTs) were performed with both drugs whereas BAT was applied only with the culprit drug.
The most and least common reaction types were urticaria/angioedema (34.7%) and anaphylaxis (14.3%), respectively. SBPCDPTs were positive in 15 out of 47 patients, and only 7 had positive STs. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of STs for metronidazole/ornidazole were 33.3%/16.6%, 94.2%/97.3%, 60%/50%, and 84.6%/88.1%, respectively. BAT was positive in 12 out of 15 patients and negative in 10 control subjects, giving a sensitivity rate of 71.4% (CI, 29.0%-96.3%) for metronidazole and 83.3% (CI, 35.8%-99.5%) for ornidazole. The optimal concentration of both drugs for BAT was determined as 5mg/mL. No cross-reactivity among two drugs was observed according to in vivo tests.
Our study showed that SBPCDPT and BAT are both useful diagnostic tools for IHRs due to 5-nitroimidazole antibiotics and can be used as supplementary to each other. No cross-reactivity between metronidazole and ornidazole in IHRs exists.
Our study showed that SBPCDPT and BAT are both useful diagnostic tools for IHRs due to 5-nitroimidazole antibiotics and can be used as supplementary to each other. No cross-reactivity between metronidazole and ornidazole in IHRs exists.
Tortuosity of corneal nerve fibers acquired by in vivo Confocal Microscopy (IVCM) are closely correlated to numerous diseases. MK-8353 While tortuosity assessment has conventionally been conducted through labor-intensive manual evaluation, this warrants an automated and objective tortuosity assessment of curvilinear structures. This paper proposes a method that extracts the image-level features for corneal nerve tortuosity grading.
For an IVCM image, all corneal nerve fibers are first segmented and then, their tortuosity are calculated by morphological measures. The ordered weighted averaging (OWA) approach, and the k-Nearest-Neighbor guided dependent ordered weighted averaging (kNNDOWA) approach are proposed to aggregate the tortuosity values and form a set of extracted features. This is followed by running the Wrapper method, a supervised feature selection, with an aim to identify the most informative attributes for tortuosity grading.
Validated on a public and an in-house benchmark data sets, experimental results demonstrate superiority of the proposed method over the conventional averaging and length-weighted averaging methods with performance gain in accuracy (15.44% and 14.34%, respectively).
The simultaneous use of multiple aggregation operators could extract the image-level features that lead to more stable and robust results compared with that using average and length-weighted average. The OWA method could facilitate the explanation of derived aggregation behavior through stress functions. The kNNDOWA method could mitigate the effects of outliers in the image-level feature extraction.
The simultaneous use of multiple aggregation operators could extract the image-level features that lead to more stable and robust results compared with that using average and length-weighted average. The OWA method could facilitate the explanation of derived aggregation behavior through stress functions. The kNNDOWA method could mitigate the effects of outliers in the image-level feature extraction.
