Soelbergstevens2280

The subsequent regeneration of the sorbent is best achieved through washing with slightly basic (pH 8-10) non-polar solvents. The obtained theoretical insights expand and complement experimental observations and provide important information that can contribute to further exploration into the adsorbent properties of graphene-based materials, and towards the development of predictive adsorption models.This study investigated the feasibility of applying a novel protocol for constructing a fertilizer draw solution (DS) index used in osmotic membrane bioreactor (OMBR) for simultaneous wastewater treatment and sustainable fertigation. The results indicated that system performance (i.e., water flux, reverse salt flux, contaminant removal) varied critically under different fertilizers. In which, the highest water recovery (∼60%) was observed with potassium chloride (KCl), whereas the lowest value (∼20%) was observed with ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), which corresponded to the highest reverse salt flux. IMT1 ic50 With all fertilizers, the membrane fouling layer thickness was in the range of 15.7-45.7 μm. The foulant were mostly irreversible and hydrophilic, with protein and polysaccharides were the dominant compounds. NH4NO3 and NH4H2PO4 (MAP) fertilizers caused the highest and lowest fouling resistances, respectively. Based on the matrix of performance aspects, the very first DSI was constructed for the assessment of fertilizer suitability. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that fouling resistance played a pivotal role in the total variation of the system. The multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) suggested MAP as the most appropriate fertilizer with the highest fertilizer DS index (0.90), followed by KH2PO4 (0.67), KCl (0.65), NaNO3 (0.58), and NH4NO3 (0.16). A numerical simulation using an artificial intelligence-based technique revealed that MAP is also capable of maintaining high performance during long-term operations.Pharmaceutical and food pollutants have threatened global health. Pharmacotherapy has left a positive impression in the field of health and life of people and animals. However, the many unresolved problems brought along with residues of pharmaceuticals in the environmental and food. Consumption of the world's freshwater resources, toxic chemicals, air pollution, plastic waste directly affects water and soil resources. Pesticides have a wide role in pollutants. Therefore, the determination of pesticides is significant to eliminate their negative effects on living things. Nowadays, there are many analytical methods available. However, new analysis methods are still being researched due to certain limitations of traditional methods. Electrochemical sensors have drawn attention because of their superior properties, such as short analysis time, affordability, high sensitivity, and selectivity. The development of new analytical strategies for assessing risks from pharmaceutical to food pollutants in water and soil This work aims to indicate the recently published paper related to pesticide analysis and highlight the importance of 2D-nanomaterials on sensors.Investment in biofuels, as sustainable alternatives for fossil fuels, has gained momentum over the last decade due to the global environmental and health concerns regarding fossil fuel consumption. Hence, effective management of biofuel supply chain (BSC) components, including biomass feedstock production, biomass logistics, biofuel production in biorefineries, and biofuel distribution to consumers, is crucial in transitioning towards a low-carbon and circular economy (CE). The present study aims to render an inclusive knowledge map of the BSC-related scientific production. In this vein, a systematic review, supported by a keywords co-occurrence analysis and qualitative content analysis, was carried out on a total of 1,975 peer-reviewed journal articles in the target literature. The analysis revealed four major research hotspots in the BSC literature, namely (1) biomass-to-biofuel supply chain design and planning, (2) environmental impacts of biofuel production, (3) biomass to bioenergy, and (4) techno-economic analysis of biofuel production. Besides, the findings showed that the following subject areas of research in the BSC research community have recently attracted more attention (i) global warming and climate change mitigation, (ii) development of the third-generation biofuels produced from algal biomass, which has recently gained momentum in the CE debate, and (iii) government incentives, pricing, and subsidizing policies. The provided insights shed light on the understanding of researchers, stakeholders, and policy-makers involved in the sustainable energy sector by outlining the main research backgrounds, developments, and tendencies within the BSC arena. Looking at the provided knowledge map, potential research directions in BSCs towards implementing the CE model, including (i) integrative policy convergence at macro, meso, and micro levels, and (ii) industrializing algae-based biofuel production towards the CE transition, were proposed.The present work was conducted to assess whether the implementation of Supercritical Carbon dioxide Explosion (SCE) is an efficient approach for sewage sludge pre-treatment. In this context, SCE was optimized with the aim to develop a method attempting to increase the biodegradability of sewage sludge's organic matter content, and thus, to enhance the subsequent anaerobic digestion and methane production. The statistical tool of response surface methodology was applied to evaluate the effects of the main pre-treatment parameters (i.e. temperature and time) and their interactions on methane yield, which was defined as the response. Temperature was found to be the most significant variable, having the greatest effect on methane yield. Following this, an optimum set of pre-treatment conditions corresponding to a temperature of 115 °C and time of 13 min, was determined. Under these optimum conditions, the predicted response value was 300 mL CH4/g of volatile solids. The corresponding experimental value obtained from the validation experiment fitted well with this value, clearly demonstrating the effective use of response surface methodology in optimizing SCE. Additionally, under optimum conditions, the methane yield presented a statistically significant increment of 8.7%, compared to untreated sludge. This revealed the impact of SCE as an effective and alternative way for the efficient pre-treatment of sewage sludge. Finally, thermal pre-treatment, alkaline and acidic hydrolysis were also applied to the already pre-treated sludge. It was concluded that the combined pre-treatment techniques contributed to a further increase of methane production compared to raw (untreated) substrate.We conducted a follow-up observational study on the effects of dioxin exposure on the synthesis of steroid hormones in infants during the perinatal period. The participants included 42 pairs of mothers and infants that were previously studied in 2015. We analyzed four types of steroid hormones including progesterone, testosterone, androstenedione (A-dione), and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in the serum samples of 6-year-olds and the concentration of dioxins in breast milk. A multivariate linear regression was performed to associate steroid hormones (dependent variables) and dioxins with the body mass index (BMI), sex, age, and residence of participants (independent variables). The results were reported as β (standardized coefficient) and p-values. We found that dioxins have a significant negative correlation with DHEA and A-dione but no significant relationship with progesterone and testosterone. However, in previous studies, we found that testosterone and progesterone levels were significantly related to dioxins in 4-year-olds. We concluded that dioxins can affect the level of steroid hormones, but their effects fluctuate, and the harm caused by dioxins in children requires further long-term monitoring.This study intended to investigate the potential of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) (fruit extract of Papaya) against heat and drought stress in wheat. The characterization of green-synthesized ZnO-NPs was done through UV-vis spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Individual and combination of PGPR (Pseudomonas sp.) and ZnO-NPs (10 ppm) amendments were tested in a pot experiment to upregulate wheat defence system under three stress groups (drought, heat and combined heat and drought stress). Drought and heat stress synergistically caused higher damage to wheat plants than individual heat and drought stress. This observation was confirmed with remarkable higher MDA and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content. Treated plants exposed to all stress groups showed an improved wheat growth and stress resistance through better biomass, photosynthetic pigments, nutrients, soluble sugars, protein and indole acetic acid content. Combination of ZnO-NPs and Pseudomonas sp. Protects the plants from all stress groups by producing higher proline, antioxidant enzymes i. e superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and dehydroascorbate reductase, and abscisic acid. Moreover, higher stress alleviation by this treatment was manifested by marked reduced electrolyte leakage, MDA and H2O2. The findings of current study confirmed that the synergistic actions of PGPR and ZnO-NPs can rescue plants from both single and combined heat and drought stress.From January 2020 to December 2020, high-resolution data of volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations were monitored by online instruments at a petroleum refinery. The measurement results showed that the external contaminants, meteorological conditions and photochemical reactions had a great influence on the VOC data measured in the petroleum refineries. Some significant differences were observed in the emission composition of different refineries, while propene (34.2%), propane (10.2%), n-butane (5.6%), i-pentane (5.0%) were the dominant species emitted from the refinery in this study. The correlations between compounds with similar atmospheric lifetimes were strong (R2 > 0.9), which indicated that the diagnostic ratios of these compounds could be used as indicators to identify the refinery emission source. Chronic health effects of non-carcinogenic risk results showed that acrolein had the highest non-carcinogenic risk and other compound-specific health risks may be of less concern in the refining area. Halogenates and aromatics accounted for 97.4% of the total carcinogenic risk values, while 1,2-dibromoethane, chloromethane, benzene, trichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane contributed approximately 80% of the total carcinogenic risk assessment values. This research has recorded valuable data about the VOC emission characteristics from the perspective of the high-resolution monitoring of the petroleum refinery. The results of this work will provide a reference to accurately quantify and identify the emission of petroleum refineries and further throw some light on effective VOC abatement strategies.