Taylorjohannsen1460

As the first of 15 Healthy China initiatives, the Health Education Initiative has the crucially important goal of improving citizens' health literacy. There are two key activities in the initiative for improving health literacy. The first is to establish a mechanism for dissemination of health sciences knowledge through development of national and provincial databases of health sciences expertise and a national resource of accessible health knowledge. The second is to establish a health education and health promotion performance evaluation mechanism for medical institutions and medical personnel. In this paper, we analyzed the content and strategies of these two health educational activities.



What is already known on this topic?Healthy aging among Chinese older people has low prevalence. Some sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were shown to be associated with healthy aging.What is added by this report?The age-adjusted prevalence of healthy aging in the 6 provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs) of China is 15.8 % in 2019. County-level factors, such as the prevalence of healthy communities in a county, as well as some sociodemographic variables and physical exercise, are potential factors of healthy aging.What are the implications for public health practice?These findings showed that more targeted actions, including generalizing healthy communities and individual-level interventions, may be of great importance for healthy aging.

The incidence of falls among older people is 20.7% in China. Falls are the top cause for death from injuries in people aged 65 years and above, and mortality rates increase with age in China. There are few reports on the epidemiological characteristics of falls in older people nationwide in recent years.

What is already known about this topic? The incidence of falls among older people is 20.7% in China. Falls are the top cause for death from injuries in people aged 65 years and above, and mortality rates increase with age in China. There are few reports on the epidemiological characteristics of falls in older people nationwide in recent years.What is added by this report? This study found that among older people with falls reported in the National Injury Surveillance System (NISS) in 2018, there were more females than males. The peak time for falls was in the morning. Home was the most common site where falls occurred, and leisure activities and housework were the main activities when falls occurred. After falling, the lower limbs and head were most often injured with bruises and fractures. The degree of injury was mainly mild and moderate.What are the implications for public health practice? Data based on the NISS can be used as an additional data source for research on falls in China. This study identified priorities for the control and prevention of falls.



What is already known about this topic?While the establishment of an air quality health index (AQHI) in some countries yielded positive outcomes in communicating health risks of air pollution, China lagged behind in developing its own AQHI. Several research studies of AQHI were conducted in China, but this scientific research has not yet been applied to standards.What is added by this report?This report introduced the method of calculation of Chinese AQHI to be launched in pilot cities. The index in this report was established on the basis of fully drawing on international experience and considering Chinese characteristics.What are the implications for public health practice?The purpose of this report is to guide unified application of the AQHI throughout China and translate scientific evidence into public services to promote public health. Based on the AQHI construction method in this report, an AQHI real-time computing platform and data transfer interface will be developed. The release of AQHI aims to communicate health risk of air pollution and provide scientific health protective guidance to the general public, accordingly to protect people's health.

Rabies remains a serious public health problem in China. The only way to prevent the fatal disease was through timely and adequate post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).

Among all the 126,133 cases visited Tianjin PEP clinics during 2020, more than 90% of the patients were injured by domestic dogs or cats, and about 70% of the animals received vaccination. Most outpatients have knowledge of rabies and show high compatibility with PEP.

To better control rabies, we need to pay more attention to people who lack knowledge of rabies and help them gain awareness of PEP.

To better control rabies, we need to pay more attention to people who lack knowledge of rabies and help them gain awareness of PEP.

The epidemiological characteristics of human rabies in China in 2016-2020 were analyzed in order to provide the scientific basis for the formulation of the prevention and control policy of rabies at next stage.

The data of China's National Notifiable Disease Reporting System (NNDRS) from 2016 to 2020 were collected and analyzed by using a descriptive epidemiology method.

A total of 2,074 cases of human rabies were reported from 2016-2020 in China, there were year over year decreases in total number of cases. Human rabies appeared throughout the year, among which the highest in incidence happened from August to October, while March and December months were months in which the epidemic was weakest.

Though decreases were observed for human rabies in China, further steps should be taken to maintain these results. Management should be strengthened and the immunity of dogs should be prioritized to control this situation from the source. In addition, all reported cases should be monitored and reported to achieve the accurate prevention and control.

Though decreases were observed for human rabies in China, further steps should be taken to maintain these results. Management should be strengthened and the immunity of dogs should be prioritized to control this situation from the source. check details In addition, all reported cases should be monitored and reported to achieve the accurate prevention and control.

Rabies is a fatal zoonotic infectious disease that poses a serious threat to public health in China. Since 2005, a National Animal Rabies Surveillance System has been operating to understand the rabies situation in animals in China with a view to control and eventually eliminate dog-mediated human rabies.

From 2010, the brain tissues of dogs, livestock, and wild animals showing rabies-like clinical signs were collected and tested by the National Reference Laboratory (NRL) for Animal Rabies to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies, including animal species, geographic distribution, and transmission sources. Over the same period, clinically suspected animal rabies cases were collected by Animal Disease Control Centers through the National Animal Disease Monitoring Information Platform (NADMIP) and then reported in the

.

During 2010-2020, 170 of 212 suspected animal rabies cases were submitted to and confirmed by NRL as rabies virus-positive. Of these confirmed cases dogs, especially free-roaming and ownerless dogs in rural areas, were major transmission hosts (71/170). A total of 51 infected dogs attacked humans with 45 biting more than one person. The dog cases were reported all year round, but with significantly more in spring and summer. The majority of livestock rabies cases (70/80) being caused by rabid wild foxes in Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia revealed that foxes play a pivotal role in animal rabies epizootics in the north and northwest of the country.

Dogs were the main transmission sources of rabies in China, and along with the recent increase of rabies in foxes and other wildlife, presented an increasing threat to livestock and public health.

Dogs were the main transmission sources of rabies in China, and along with the recent increase of rabies in foxes and other wildlife, presented an increasing threat to livestock and public health.

Identifying the most influential spreaders in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission networks is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies.

This study identified key nodes of the HIV molecular transmission network among men who have sex with men (MSM) by utilizing linkages between sequences to reconstruct the transmission network at the molecular level.

This study could act as an important supplement of laboratory results to epidemiological studies and suggests that interdisciplinary research could inspire new ideas for finding breakthroughs on HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention and control.

This study could act as an important supplement of laboratory results to epidemiological studies and suggests that interdisciplinary research could inspire new ideas for finding breakthroughs on HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention and control.

Malaria control was affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study conducted active case finding for key flights and key populations to determine malaria transmission.

Surveillance for malaria was conducted for entry personnel coming from areas affected by malaria. It is estimated that at least 100,000 tests were conducted in Guangdong Province; 154 cases were confirmed during the surveillance.

To maintain the malaria elimination status, comprehensively maintaining a sensitive and effective surveillance response system is especially important.

To maintain the malaria elimination status, comprehensively maintaining a sensitive and effective surveillance response system is especially important.

Human adenovirus (HAdV) was frequently associated with acute respiratory disease (ARD) outbreaks in military camps.

HAdV-B7, HAdV-B14, and HAdV-B55 were determined to be responsible for 3, 2, and 4 ARD outbreaks in military camps, China, respectively, with a total attack rate of 28.0% during 2011 to 2014.

The findings suggest that vaccine development and administration in military camps must be prioritized. Quarantining among new recruits before entering into the military and the identification of the major responsible genotypes at the current stage is warranted.

The findings suggest that vaccine development and administration in military camps must be prioritized. Quarantining among new recruits before entering into the military and the identification of the major responsible genotypes at the current stage is warranted.

Macrosomia has short-term and long-term adverse health effects and is thus an important public health concern. Recent decades have witnessed increasing incidence of macrosomia in many countries.

The present study used a large population-based birth cohort study to depict incidence of macrosomia among live births in rural areas of Henan Province of China from 2013 to 2017.

Among the 1,262,916 births, 82,353 were cases of macrosomia. The overall incidence of all types of macrosomia, of macrosomia with birth weight <4,500 g, and of macrosomia with birth weight ≥4,500 g were 6.52%, 5.30%, and 1.22%, respectively. From 2013 to 2017, the incidence of macrosomia decreased by 31.3% from 7.96% in 2013 to 5.47% in 2017 ( [Formula see text]=946.96, [Formula see text]<0.001). Male infants and infants ≥42 gestational weeks had significantly higher incidence of macrosomia than that of female infants and infants <42 gestational weeks (

<0.001).

Gestational weight control through nutrition management and physical activities during pregnancy are needed to reduce incidence of macrosomia.