Cochranmendez0168
Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc., traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used in the treatment of dementia. Cornel iridoid glycosides of Cornus officinalis is therapeutic to Alzheimer's disease (AD), while its pharmacodynamic material basis is not clear. Cornuside, an iridoid glycoside extracted from of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc, might be a potential anti-AD candidate.
Cornuside was evaluated for its effect on scopolamine induced AD mice, and its action mechanisms were explored.
ICR mice were administered with 1mg/kg scopolamine intraperitoneally to induce amnesia. The therapeutic effect of cornuside of cognitive function was evaluated via series of behavioral tests, including Morris water maze test, step-through test and step-down test. In addition, specific enzyme reaction tests were used to detect the content of acetylcholine (ACh) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), superooamine neurotransmitters, which finally contributed to its therapeutic effect on scopolamine induced amnesia.
Cornuside improved cognitive dysfunction induced by scopolamine in behavioral tests. The mechanisms of cornuside were further investigated from the aspects of neurotransmitters and oxidative stress. Cornuside could inhibit oxidative stress and neurotransmitter hydrolases, increase ACh and monoamine neurotransmitters, which finally contributed to its therapeutic effect on scopolamine induced amnesia.
The prescription of Wei-Tong-Xin (WTX) is improved based on the prescription "Wanyingyuan", a famous decoction documented in the book of Huatuozhongzangjing in the Han dynasty. Many years of clinical verification have demonstrated that WTX can be used to treat gastrointestinal diseases, especially gastric ulcer (GU). However, the potential pharmacological mechanism is undefined.
This research was conducted to explore the pharmacological mechanisms under the consideration of the therapeutical effect of WTX against GU by combining the network pharmacology strategy and in-vivo verified experiments.
A prediction network describing the relationship between WTX and GU was established based on information collected from multiple databases. Then, the intersecting protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the drug-disease overlapping gene targets was constructed, and several key targets related to both WTX and GU were obtained. Besides, the Gene Ontology (GO) biological enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclope-P53, and VEGFA compared to the model group.
WTX, an ancient traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compound prescription, may affect the inflammatory response and apoptosis process by regulating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and related gene targets. Therefore, it is an effective drug candidate for the modern treatment of GU.
WTX, an ancient traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compound prescription, may affect the inflammatory response and apoptosis process by regulating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and related gene targets. Therefore, it is an effective drug candidate for the modern treatment of GU.
Duranta erecta Linn. belonging to the Verbenaceae family is widely used in the traditional systems of medicines practiced in Bangladesh, India, Nigeria, the Philippines, and Brazil. The ethnomedicinal application as vermifuge, febrifuge, diuretic, anti-parasitic, and anti-malarial are well documented. D. erecta is also a significant source of phenylethanoid glycoside known as acteoside-a drug in clinical trials for IgA nephropathy patients.
This review aims to critically highlight the existing studies on D. erecta, including its botanical authentication, geographical distribution, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties. Critical discussion is focused on the overview and gap in knowledge for future research. Additionally, the clinical significance of its major secondary metabolite, i.e., acteoside, has also been discussed with emphasis on biosynthesis, distribution, pre-clinical, and clinical outcomes.
Professional research data from 1963 to 2021 appeared in scholarly journalioactivity-guided or fingerprint-assisted studies are required to validate the ethnomedicinal uses, concerning cellular and molecular mechanisms, quality standardization, and safety with respect to its bioactive constituent(s). Therefore, the present review identified the gap in the research on scientific validation of Duranta based ethnomedicines and may provide critical information for the development of phytopharmaceuticals/Phyto-cosmeceuticals.
Xie Bai San is a Chinese medicine prescription that has been used to treat lung cancer in China for a long time. It has been proven to alleviate the symptoms and extend the survival time of lung cancer patients. Xie Bai San comprises Cortex Lycii, Cortex Mori, and Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata. The effects and mechanisms of Cortex Mori and Glycyrrhizae on lung cancer have been reported, whereas the underlying mechanism of Cortex Lycii remains unknown.
Network pharmacology was used to explore the unknown mechanisms underlying the effect of Cortex Lycii on lung cancer. Molecular docking was used to predict the binding of a compound to the protein. The fingerprint of Cortex Lycii was obtained by HPLC. Cell counting Kit-8 assay was used to determine the appropriate concentration of Cortex Lycii extract for human lung adenocarcinoma cells, A549 and H1299. Wound healing assay and Matrigel invasion assay were used to detect the influence of Cortex Lycii extract on the migration and invasion ability of A549 and H1n agonist of HSP90. Moreover, acacetin and apigenin, two components of Cortex Lycii, reduced the protein level of p-AKT and p-mTOR, and the reduction was also inhibited by Terazosin.
Cortex Lycii suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung cancer cells through the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway, possibly by targeting HSP90AB1 and inhibiting HSP90AB1-AKT binding.
Cortex Lycii suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung cancer cells through the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway, possibly by targeting HSP90AB1 and inhibiting HSP90AB1-AKT binding.
Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber ex F. H. Wigg.), as a garden weed grown globally, has long been consumed as a therapeutic herb. Its folkloric uses include treatments of digestive disorders (dyspepsia, anorexia, stomach disorders, gastritis and enteritis) and associate complex ailments involving uterine, liver and lung disorders.
The present study aims to critically assess the current state of research and summarize the potential roles of dandelion and its constituents in gastrointestinal (GI) -protective actions. A focus is placed on the reported bioactive components, pharmacological activities and modes of action (including molecular mechanisms and interactions among bioactive substances) of dandelion products/preparations and derived active constituents related to GI protection.
The available information published prior to August 2021 was reviewed via SciFinder, Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, Wiley On-line Library, and The Plant List. The search was based on the ethnomedical rbstances to support their applications in food, medicine and pharmaceuticals.
The review reveals some in vivo and in vitro studies on the potential of dandelion derived products as complementary and alternative medicines/therapeutics against GI disorders. click here The whole herb may alleviate some symptoms related GI immuno-inflammatory basing on the abundant anti-inflammatory and anti-oxide active substances. Dandelion root could be a nontoxic and effective anticancer alternative, owing to its abundant terpenoids and polysaccharides. However, research related to GI protective dandelion-derived products remains limited. Besides the need of identifying bioactive compounds/complexes in various dandelion species, more clinical studies are also required on the metabolism, bioavailability and safety of these substances to support their applications in food, medicine and pharmaceuticals.
Aconitine, a C
-norditerpenoid alkaloid, derives from many medicinal plants such as Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. (Chinese), Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb (Chinese), which were used to rheumatic fever, painful joints and some endocrinal disorders.
The present paper reviews research progress relating to the pharmacokinetics, physiological and pathological processes of aconitine, while some promising research direction and the detoxification of aconitine are also discussed.
The accessible literature on aconitine, from 1990 to 2020, obtained from published materials of electronic databases, such as SCI finder, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Springer and Google Scholar was systematically analyzed.
In this review, we address the pharmacokinetics of aconitine, as well as its pharmacological effects including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, immunoregulation, analgesic, insecticide and inhibition of androgen synthesis. Further, we summarize the toxicity of aconitine such as cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity, on which we strikingly focus on the ways to reduce the toxicity of aconitine based.
Aconitine plays an vital role in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes and we can reduce the toxicity of aconitine by compatibility and hydrolysis. Although some issues still exist, such as the correlative relationship between the dose and toxicity of aconitine not being clear, our review may provide new ideas for the application of aconitine in the treatment of related diseases.
Aconitine plays an vital role in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes and we can reduce the toxicity of aconitine by compatibility and hydrolysis. Although some issues still exist, such as the correlative relationship between the dose and toxicity of aconitine not being clear, our review may provide new ideas for the application of aconitine in the treatment of related diseases.Dysfunctional decision-making has been observed in alcohol dependence. However, the specific underlying processes disrupted have yet to be identified. Important to goal-directed decision-making is one's motivational state, which is used to update the value of actions. As ethanol dependence disrupts decision-making processes, we hypothesized that ethanol dependence could alter sensitivity to motivational state and/or value updating, thereby reducing the capability for adaptive behavior. Here we employed a sequential instrumental learning task to examine this hypothesis. In two experiments, mice underwent chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) or air (Air) vapor exposure and repeated withdrawal procedures to induce ethanol dependence. Mice were then trained on a sequence of distal and proximal lever pressing for sucrose under either mild or more severe food restriction. Half of all Air and CIE mice then underwent a motivational shift to a less hungry state and effects of this motivational shift were evaluated acros are important for decision-making.
Metformin is the most commonly prescribed medication to treat diabetes. Emerging evidence suggests that metformin could have off target effects that might help promote healthy muscle aging, but these effects have not been thoroughly studied in glucose tolerant older individuals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of metformin consumption on skeletal muscle mitochondrial bioenergetics in healthy older adults.
We obtained muscle biopsy samples from 16 healthy older adults previously naïve to metformin and treated with metformin (METF; 3F, 5M), or placebo (CON; 3F, 5M), for two weeks using a randomized and blinded study design. Samples were analyzed using high-resolution respirometry, immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting to assess muscle mitochondrial bioenergetics, satellite cell (SC) content, and associated protein markers.
We found that metformin treatment did not alter maximal mitochondrial respiration rates in muscle compared to CON. In contrast, mitochondrial H
O
emission and production were elevated in muscle samples from METF versus CON (METF emission 2.
