Gravesscott7072
Bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are necessary in the renewable energy systems. However, the kinetically slow and large energy-demanding procedures of oxygen electrocatalysis make the preparation of bifunctional catalysts difficult. In this work, we report a novel hierarchical GdFeO3 perovskite oxide of a spherelike nanostructure and surface modification with the group X heterometal oxides. The nanostructured GdFeO3 layer behaved as a bifunctional electrocatalyst in the oxygen electrocatalysis of OER and ORR. Moreover, the surface decoration with catalytically active PtO x + Ni/NiO nanoparticles enhanced the electrocatalytic performances substantially. Incorporation of mesoporous PtO x + Ni/NiO nanoparticles into the porous GdFeO3 nanostructure enlarged the electrochemically active surface area and provided the interconnected nanostructures to facilitate the OER/ORR. The nanostructures were visualized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images, and the surface area and pore size of nanoparticles were analyzed from N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms. Tafel analysis indicates that surface modification effectively improves the kinetics of oxygen reactions and accordingly increases the electrocatalytic efficiency. Finally, the 2 wt % PtO x + NiO|GdFeO3 (x = 0, 1, and 2) electrode achieved the enhanced OER performance with an overpotential of 0.19 V at 10 mA/cm2 in an alkaline solution and a high turnover frequency of 0.28 s-1 at η = 0.5 V. Apatinib Furthermore, the ORR activity is observed with an onset potential of 0.80 V and a half-wave potential (E1/2) of 0.40 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode.Hot carrier injection (HCI), occurring when the horizontal electric field is strongly applied, usually affects the degradation of nanoelectronic devices. In addition, metal contacts play a significant role in nanoelectronic devices. In this study, Schottky contacts in multilayer tungsten diselenide (WSe2) field-effect transistors (FETs) by hot carrier injection (HCI), occurring when a high drain voltage is applied, is investigated. A small number of hot carriers with high energy reduces the Schottky barrier height and improves the performance of FETs effectively rather than damaging the channel. Thermal annealing at the end of the fabrication process increases device performance by causing interfacial reactions of the source/drain electrodes. HCI causes a significant enhancement in the local asymmetry, especially in the subthreshold region. The subthreshold swing (SS) of the thermally annealed FETs is significantly improved from 9.66 to 0.562 V dec-1 through the energy of HCI generated by a strong horizontal electric field. In addition, the contact resistances (RSD), also called series resistances, extracted by a four-probe measurement and a Y-function method were also improved by decreasing to a 10th through the energy of HCI. To understand the asymmetrical characteristics of the channel after the stress, we performed electrical analysis, electrostatic force microscopy (EFM), and Raman spectroscopy.Eumelanin is a polymeric structure made of dihydroxyindole (DHI) as the basic motif. Since the oxidative polymerization of DHI forms the core of eumelanin, understanding the effect of polymerization on its optical and photoprotective properties is crucial to elucidate the structure-function relationship of eumelanin. In this work, we investigate the effect of dimerization of DHI on the photoprocesses of eumelanin. We observe that there are several low-energy conical intersections and energetically favorable pathways for deactivation of photoexcited dimeric DHI species. While the original deactivation modes of the monomers are still important, in dimers the intermonomer dihedral angles seem to play a central role.Construction of porous photoactive MOF-based composite systems is regarded as one of the most effective strategies to improve light harvesting, increase the surface area, provide plenty of exposed active sites, and promote the reduction and oxidation abilities of some organic photocatalytic reactions. Herein, we synthesized porous CdS@Zr-MOF photocatalysts based on the representative photocatalyst CdS and crystalline Zr-MOFs, such as MOF-808, NU-1000, and PCN-222, to illustrate their excellent photocatalytic performance for the synthesis of imines in air. The morphology and composition of these photocatalysts were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), indicating their crystallinity, high porosity, and interfacial interaction between constituents. Compared with individual components, these porous CdS@Zr-MOF composites could remarkably promote photocatalytic activity for the oxidative coupling of amines under air and visible-light conditions. The photocatalytic reaction showed broad substrate suitability. More importantly, the conversion yield reached up to 95% for the inactive aliphatic amines, and imines were formed as the single product. The improvement of the photocatalytic performance of CdS@Zr-MOF composites can be mainly ascribed to their high surface areas, more exposed active sites, excellent dispersion of CdS, and special porous photocatalytic systems, which tune the band gap, broaden the light response range, and facilitate the carrier separation.
In cervical cancer screening programs, women with abnormal cytology and confirmation by biopsy are referred for colposcopy for histological evaluation.
We characterized the presence and the genotype of HPV by Linear Array HPV genotyping assay in cytological samples collected from about 400 women undergoing conization, with reported high CIN grade after biopsy.
The most prevalent genotype was HPV 16, with an increasing presence depending on the severity of the CIN and with the highest incidence in the 26-35 age range. In the group of younger women (<25) we found the highest percentage of CIN3 (39.3%) and the lowest of CIN1 (17.9%). An increase of CIN1 with increasing age was observed. A different distribution of HPV presence was observed depending on CIN grade (P<0.001) CIN1 HPV negative samples were 46.3%, CIN2 5.8% and CIN3 1.4%. Interesting, in the analyzed cohort, we observed the presence of 30% of CIN1. Moreover, within CIN1, 85% of them were associated to negative HPV detection, this observation suggested that the detection of HPV presence may be useful to identify low CIN grade that should be reconsidered for surgical treatment.
These findings suggest implementing the protocol for the management of women with high risk precancer lesions, with a further HPV test before surgical treatment. The evaluation of HPV presence and genotype before conization might represent a useful tool in reducing or postpone the conization treatment.
These findings suggest implementing the protocol for the management of women with high risk precancer lesions, with a further HPV test before surgical treatment. The evaluation of HPV presence and genotype before conization might represent a useful tool in reducing or postpone the conization treatment.
Measurement error must always be considered when planning a research project and interpreting its results. The accuracy of some data collected during a study can often be confidently assured, but more than one measurement or observer is needed to assess exposure and outcomes status in cases where clinical measurement is prone to measurement error. Little attention is paid in nursing research to misclassification and measurement error. Bias is often discussed in nursing research education, but not its potential consequences or measures that can be taken to improve the study's quality.
To present examples of random measurement error - misclassification of a binary outcome - in a continuous exposure and outcomes variable, to address this gap in nurses' research training.
The article discusses the relationship between exposure and outcome in the absence and presence of measurement error using risk (relative risk) and association using correlation. It provides methods to estimate the true value of these measures of risk and association, when only given the clinical measurements with errors.
If the assumption of random error holds, attenuation of risk or association towards the null will occur.
Understanding the effect of measurement error including misclassification will enable researchers to interpret the results of their studies, and to take into consideration this potential error when planning and conducting a study.
Understanding the effect of measurement error including misclassification will enable researchers to interpret the results of their studies, and to take into consideration this potential error when planning and conducting a study.
Adaptive optics optical coherence tomography (AO-OCT) technology enables non-invasive, high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) imaging of the retina and promises earlier detection of ocular disease. However, AO-OCT data are corrupted by eye-movement artifacts that must be removed in post-processing, a process rendered time-consuming by the immense quantity of data.
To efficiently remove eye-movement artifacts at the level of individual A-lines, including those present in any individual reference volume.
We developed a registration method that cascades (1)a 3D B-scan registration algorithm with (2)a global A-line registration algorithm for correcting torsional eye movements and image scaling and generating global motion-free coordinates. The first algorithm corrects 3D translational eye movements to a single reference volume, accelerated using parallel computing. link2 The second algorithm combines outputs of multiple runs of the first algorithm using different reference volumes followed by an affine transforma a global coordinate system.
We can efficiently correct eye motion in all 3D at the level of individual A-lines using a global coordinate system.Phylogenetic relationships within the sinica-group of macaques based on morphological, behavioral, and molecular characteristics have remained controversial. link3 The Nepal population of Assam macaques ( Macaca assamensis) (NPAM), the westernmost population of the species, is morphologically distinct but has never been used in phylogenetic analyses. Here, the phylogenetic relationship of NPAM with other congeners was tested using multiple mitochondrial and Y-chromosomal loci. The divergence times and evolutionary genetic distances among macaques were also estimated. Results revealed two major mitochondrial DNA clades of macaques under the sinica-group the first clade included M. thibetana, M. sinica, and eastern subspecies of Assam macaque ( M. assamensis assamensis); the second clade included M. radiata together with species from the eastern and central Himalaya, namely, M. leucogenys, M. munzala, and NPAM. Among the second-clade species, NPAM was the first to diverge from the other members of the clade around 1.9 million years ago. Our results revealed that NPAM is phylogenetically distinct from the eastern Assam macaques and closer to other species and hence may represent a separate species. Because of its phylogenetic distinctiveness, isolated distribution, and small population size, the Nepal population of sinica-group macaques warrants detailed taxonomic revision and high conservation priority.
