Holbrookholm2024

This supports the fact that the ensemble model results in better-generalized model and leads to efficient framework. Although a 0.004 and 0.003 difference were seen between the AUC of two base models (DenseNet201 and ResNet152V2) and the proposed ensemble, this increase in the model quality is critical in medical research. T-SNE revealed that in the proposed ensemble, no points were clustered into the wrong class. These results expose the strong performance of the proposed ensemble.

The study concluded that the ensemble model can increase the ability to predict breast cancer response to first-cycle NAC than two DenseNet201 and ResNet152V2 models.

The study concluded that the ensemble model can increase the ability to predict breast cancer response to first-cycle NAC than two DenseNet201 and ResNet152V2 models.Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health issue with high mortality rates worldwide. Recently, tremendous researches of artificial intelligence (AI) have been conducted targeting at TB to reduce the diagnostic burden. However, most researches are conducted in the developed urban areas. The feasibility of applying AI in low-resource settings remains unexplored. In this study, we apply an automated detection (AI) system to screen a large population in an underdeveloped area and evaluate feasibility and contribution of apply AI to help local radiologists detect and diagnose TB using chest X-ray (CXR) images. First, we divide image data into one training dataset including 2627 TB-positive cases and 7375 TB-negative cases and one testing dataset containing 276 TB-positive cases and 619 TB-negative cases, respectively. Next, in building AI system, the experiment includes image labeling and preprocessing, model training and testing. A segmentation model named TB-UNet is also built to detect diseased regions, which uses ResNeXt as the encoder of U-Net. We use AI-generated confidence score to predict the likelihood of each testing case being TB-positive. Then, we conduct two experiments to compare results between the AI system and radiologists with and without AI assistance. Study results show that AI system yields TB detection accuracy of 85%, which is much higher than detection accuracy of radiologists (62%) without AI assistance. In addition, with AI assistance, the TB diagnostic sensitivity of local radiologists is improved by 11.8%. Therefore, this study demonstrates that AI has great potential to help detection, prevention, and control of TB in low-resource settings, particularly in areas with scant doctors and higher rates of the infected population.

The complex position of a first line manager is characterized by heavy workload and contradictory demands. Little is known about how first line managers experience demand and control in their work.

The aim of this study was to explore experiences of demand and control among first line managers within psychiatric and addiction care.

In the present study, interviews with ten managers in for-profit psychiatric and addiction care in Sweden were analyzed with a phenomenographic approach.

The managers experiences of demand and control implied varied and extensive responsibilities for a wide range of professions; regulation by organizational, economic, and political frameworks; creating balance in their work; and handling the emergence and consequences of acute crisis. These experiences of demand and control involved high and contradictory demands together with coexisting high and low levels of control. Many of their work characteristics could be described in terms of both demand and control.

The first line managers experiences of demand and control are more complex than implied by the job demand control theory. Our results suggest that the organizational position and branch should be considered when identifying health hazards in the work environment of first line managers.

The first line managers experiences of demand and control are more complex than implied by the job demand control theory. Our results suggest that the organizational position and branch should be considered when identifying health hazards in the work environment of first line managers.

The number of studies investigating the relationship between office employees and the development of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) is limited. Only a few focused on assessing workplace ergonomics of office employees.

This study aims to investigate the risk of MSDs and associated factors in the office workplaces of a large-size manufacturing company.

Data were gathered from 208 office employees from a manufacturing company via Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) and Cornell questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed to examine the relationship between ergonomic risk levels and MSDs reported by the office staff.

The mean ROSA final score is 3.52 (std. dev. = 0.71), chair section is 3.30, monitor and telephone section is 2.18, and mouse and keyboard section is 2.69. Thirty-nine of 208 (18.8%) office workplaces are at risk. The most important factor to raise the risk level is found to be the height and depth of the chair. The Cornell questionnaire results highlight that the highest discomfort severity is related to the neck (32.26%), lower back (23.23%) and upper back (22.26%). The discomforts in the neck (r = 0.362), upper back (r = 0.404) and lower back (r = 0.368) are moderately and positively correlated according to the final ROSA score. The results indicate that the highest risked departments are Accounting, Sub Industry, Production Planning, and Manufacturing Management.

The parameters associated with the chair section should be considered a priority for reducing and eliminating MSDs among office employees.

The parameters associated with the chair section should be considered a priority for reducing and eliminating MSDs among office employees.

Burnout is widely regarded as a syndrome resulting from chronic occupational stress. While physician burnout has been the subject of extensive research, physician wellness has been proposed as an alternative framework for understanding physician distress.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the organizational context of faculty wellness within an academic health care system.

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 chairs of clinical and non-clinical departments in a US university school of medicine.

Chairs described several system-level factors perceived to interfere with faculty wellness such as a stricter regulatory environment, the loss of professional autonomy, the up or out promotion system, limitless hours, and the rise of shadow work. While all chairs articulated some degree of responsibility for the wellness of their faculty, some said they lacked the skills or knowledge of resources to fully engage in this role.

Findings from this study are consistent with recean wellness.

Work participation among employees with depression is hampered due to cognitive impairments. Although studies show higher levels of work disability among people with a lower education, highly educated employees may encounter specific challenges in fulfilling their work role due to the cognitive impairments of depression, as they often perform cognitively demanding jobs. There is little knowledge about their challenges and opportunities with regard to work participation.

To investigate how highly educated employees with depression manage work participation by focusing on their views on opportunities and challenges in fulfilling their work role.

Eight individual interviews with highly educated employees with depression were conducted. Transcripts were analysed using qualitative content analysis.

The analysis revealed four categories struggling with acknowledging depression and disclosure; fear of being stigmatised at work; work is a motivator in life; and striving to fulfil the work role at the expense of private life activities.

Highly educated employees with depression need guidance regarding the disclosure of information about health issues and work ability. To successfully manage their work role, they need a clear plan with outlined tasks, demands and goals. Healthcare professionals and workplaces should support them in setting limits with regard to work tasks and working hours.

Highly educated employees with depression need guidance regarding the disclosure of information about health issues and work ability. To successfully manage their work role, they need a clear plan with outlined tasks, demands and goals. EGFR inhibitor Healthcare professionals and workplaces should support them in setting limits with regard to work tasks and working hours.

Lack of mental health literacy among rehabilitation professionals and employers in the return-to-work of persons with mental health problems resulted in the development of a three-day group training program, the Support to Employers from rehabilitation Actors about Mental health (SEAM) intervention.

To evaluate the impact of SEAM on rehabilitation professionals' knowledge and beliefs, attitudes, and supporting behaviors towards people with mental health problems and employers as part of the return-to-work process.

In this longitudinal study, 94 rehabilitation professionals were included. Data were collected prior to (T1), immediately after (T2) and 6 months after SEAM training (T3) using knowledge and attitude scales and a questionnaire on supporting behaviors. SEAM includes training in Mental Health First Aid, presentations and discussions on current research on work and mental health, and strategies and communication guidelines to use when meeting service users and employers as part of the return-to-work of persons with mental health problems. SEAM also includes a homepage with targeted employer information. Data were analyzed using non-parametric statistics.

SEAM significantly increased rehabilitation professionals' knowledge of mental health (T1-T2 z = -2.037, p = 0.042; T2-T3 z = -5.093, p = 0.001), and improved their attitudes towards persons with mental health problems (T1-T2 z = 4.984, p = 0.001). Professionals (50-60%) also estimated that they had increased their use of supporting strategies towards service users and employers.

The study suggests that SEAM can increase mental health literacy among rehabilitation professionals and lead to a greater focus on service users' resources and work ability, as well as on employers' support needs.

The study suggests that SEAM can increase mental health literacy among rehabilitation professionals and lead to a greater focus on service users' resources and work ability, as well as on employers' support needs.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are prevalent in dental hygienists. Although engineering controls and ergonomic training is available, it is unclear why this intransigent problem continues. One possible barrier is that a comprehensive, standardized protocol for evaluating dental hygiene work does not exist.

This study aimed to generate a valid and reliable observational protocol for the assessment of dental hygiene work.

An iterative process was used to establish and refine an ecologically valid video acquisition and observation protocol to assess key activities, tasks, and performance components of dental hygiene work.

Good inter-rater reliability was achieved across all variables when the final coding scheme was completed by three independent raters.

This work provides an exemplar of the process required to generate a comprehensive protocol for evaluating the work components of a particular job, and provides standardized nomenclature for use by scientists and practitioners interested in understanding and addressing the pervasive issue of work-related disorders in dental hygienists.