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Although patients with cancer are at an increased risk of infection-related complications, few studies have characterized their vulnerability to measles and mumps. Given the recent outbreaks and increased community vaccine hesitancy, understanding measles and mumps immunity within this population is vital.

To identify a point prevalence estimate of protective measles and mumps antibodies among ambulatory patients with cancer.

In this cross-sectional study, residual clinical plasma samples were obtained from consecutive patients with cancer at Seattle Cancer Care Alliance/Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, Washington, in August 2019. These samples were tested for measles and mumps IgG using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patients without cancer were excluded from the analysis.

Patient age, sex, self-reported race and ethnicity, primary disease, receipt of chemotherapy in the past 30 days before sample collection, hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) history, and date of ith cancer lacked protective antibodies for measles and 38% lacked protective antibodies for mumps. Deficits in protective antibodies underscore patients' increased risk during outbreaks and emphasize the need for community-based efforts to increase herd immunity to protect this population.

In this study, 25% of ambulatory patients with cancer lacked protective antibodies for measles and 38% lacked protective antibodies for mumps. Deficits in protective antibodies underscore patients' increased risk during outbreaks and emphasize the need for community-based efforts to increase herd immunity to protect this population.

It is unclear when, where, and by whom health care workers (HCWs) working in hospitals are infected with SARS-CoV-2.

To determine how often and in what manner nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection occurs in HCW groups with varying exposure to patients with COVID-19.

This cohort study comprised 4 weekly measurements of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies and collection of questionnaires from March 23 to June 25, 2020, combined with phylogenetic and epidemiologic transmission analyses at 2 university hospitals in the Netherlands. Included individuals were HCWs working in patient care for those with COVID-19, HCWs working in patient care for those without COVID-19, and HCWs not working in patient care. Data were analyzed from August through December 2020.

Varying work-related exposure to patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.

The cumulative incidence of and time to SARS-CoV-2 infection, defined as the presence of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in blood samples, were measured.

Among 801 HCWs, there were 439 HCWs wor.29; 95% CI, 1.52-7.14). Epidemiologic data combined with phylogenetic analyses on COVID-19 wards identified 3 potential HCW-to-HCW transmission clusters. No patient-to-HCW transmission clusters could be identified in transmission analyses.

This study found that HCWs working on COVID-19 wards were at increased risk for nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection with an important role for HCW-to-HCW transmission. These findings suggest that infection among HCWs deserves more consideration in infection prevention practice.

This study found that HCWs working on COVID-19 wards were at increased risk for nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection with an important role for HCW-to-HCW transmission. These findings suggest that infection among HCWs deserves more consideration in infection prevention practice.

While surgeons often delay pregnancy and childbearing because of training and establishing early careers, little is known about risks of infertility and pregnancy complications among female surgeons.

To describe the incidence of infertility and pregnancy complications among female surgeons in the US and to identify workplace factors associated with increased risk compared with a sociodemographically similar nonsurgeon population.

This self-administered survey questionnaire was electronically distributed and collected from November 2020 to January 2021 through multiple surgical societies in the US and social media among male and female attending and resident surgeons with children. Nonchildbearing surgeons were asked to answer questions regarding the pregnancies of their nonsurgeon partners as applicable.

Surgical profession; work, operative, and overnight call schedules.

Descriptive data on pregnancy loss were collected for female surgeons. Use of assisted reproductive technology was compared betweeWith an increasing percentage of women representing the surgical workforce, changing surgical culture to support pregnancy is paramount to reducing the risk of major pregnancy complications, use of fertility interventions, or involuntary childlessness because of delayed attempts at childbearing.

This national survey study highlighted increased medical risks of infertility and pregnancy complications among female surgeons. With an increasing percentage of women representing the surgical workforce, changing surgical culture to support pregnancy is paramount to reducing the risk of major pregnancy complications, use of fertility interventions, or involuntary childlessness because of delayed attempts at childbearing.

What are the roles of antimalarial therapy prescribers and eye care specialists in regard to antimalarial dosing, screening for retinal toxic effects, and antimalarial treatment cessation?

Antimalarial prescribers should prescribe antimalarial dosages at 5 mg/kg/d or less of actual body weight. A baseline retinal examination with optical coherence tomography should be performed within 6 months of starting antimalarial therapy to rule out confounding disease. Patients at low risk for retinopathy do not require annual screening until 5 years of antimalarial use. Eye care clinicians should not stop treatment with antimalarials because of equivocal findings, as retinopathy occurs slowly, and therefore there is time for repeated testing. Antimalarial treatment cessation should be a collaborative decision that involves the patient, the prescriber, and the eye care clinician and that focuses on patient values, the severity of the underlying disease, and the estimated risk of visual loss if treatment with the drug is continued.

Antimalarial prescribers should prescribe antimalarial dosages at 5 mg/kg/d or less of actual body weight. A baseline retinal examination with optical coherence tomography should be performed within 6 months of starting antimalarial therapy to rule out confounding disease. Epacadostat Patients at low risk for retinopathy do not require annual screening until 5 years of antimalarial use. Eye care clinicians should not stop treatment with antimalarials because of equivocal findings, as retinopathy occurs slowly, and therefore there is time for repeated testing. Antimalarial treatment cessation should be a collaborative decision that involves the patient, the prescriber, and the eye care clinician and that focuses on patient values, the severity of the underlying disease, and the estimated risk of visual loss if treatment with the drug is continued.

Major depressive disorder is prevalent and impairing. Parsing neurocomputational substrates of reinforcement learning in individuals with depression may facilitate a mechanistic understanding of the disorder and suggest new cognitive therapeutic targets.

To determine associations among computational model-derived reinforcement learning parameters, depression symptoms, and symptom changes after treatment.

In this mixed cross-sectional-cohort study, individuals performed reward and loss variants of a probabilistic learning task during functional magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and follow-up. A volunteer sample with and without a depression diagnosis was recruited from the community. Participants were assessed from July 2011 to February 2017, and data were analyzed from May 2017 to May 2021.

Computational model-based analyses of participants' choices assessed a priori hypotheses about associations between components of reward-based and loss-based learning with depression symptoms. Changes in both of major depression revealed mechanistic features associated with these symptoms and points to possible learning-based therapeutic processes and targets.The NS1 protein of flaviviruses is taking center stage. Recent work has made it an attractive target for development of vaccines and immunotherapeutics. Cavazzoni and colleagues (2021. J. Exp. Med.https//doi.org/10.1084/jem.20210580) now reveal a dark side to NS1, linking it to the development of self-reactive antibodies.An electrochemical non-enzymatic sensor based on a NiVP/Pi material was developed for the selective and sensitive determination of glucose. The novel sensor showed a high sensitivity of 6.04 mA μM-1 cm-2 with a lowest detection limit of 3.7 nM in a wide detection range of 100 nM-10 mM. The proposed sensor exhibited a superior selectivity without any interference from the oxygen evolution reaction during glucose sensing. We also found that this glucose sensor showed negligible interference from various interferents, such as ascorbic acid, uric acid, dopamine and sodium chloride. Additionally, a novel flexible sensor was developed by coating the NiVP/Pi over Whatman filter paper, which exhibited two linear ranges of 100 nM to 1 μM and 100 μM to 10 mM with an ultra-sensitivity of 1.130 mA μM-1 cm-2 and 0.746 mA μM-1 cm-2, respectively, in 0.1 M NaOH. The proposed sensor was tested with human blood serum samples demonstrating its practical application. Our findings provide a new route by fine tuning the composition of nickel and vanadium that sheds new light on better understanding the processes. This NiVP/Pi-based sensor offers a new approach towards the electrochemical detection of glucose, enabling glucose monitoring in a convenient way.The coffee ring effect results from the migration of particles in a drying particle laden drop and their subsequent deposition at the three phase contact line. The evaporative flux during the drying of sessile drops and the spatial distribution of particles in the coffee ring patterns exhibit azimuthal symmetry. It is possible to break this symmetry with the help of gravity by simply manipulating the inclination of the substrate on which the colloidal droplet undergoes drying. However, the effect of particle size, substrate wettability and inclination angle on the extent of asymmetry in the spatial distribution of particles over the deposit patterns has not been explored and is the subject of the current work. Our experiments on the drying of aqueous dispersions of polystyrene particles show that (i) asymmetry in the deposition of particles is observed irrespective of the diameter of the dispersed particles in the drying drop (ii) the degree of asymmetry increases with a decrease in wettability of the drop on the substrate and (iii) it is a non-monotonic function of the inclination angle of the substrate. These results indicate the possibility of additional particle transport mechanisms working in tandem with evaporation driven capillary flows and demand further investigation of the physics of pattern formation in drops drying on oriented substrates.Steam reforming of methane (SRM) requires high temperatures to be promoted, and the production of carbon dioxide from the side reaction has also become a problem. In this study, we separated the reaction sites for SRM to suppress CO2 generation using a gas-phase photoelectrochemical (GPEC) system with a cell coated with a Pt/YSZ powder catalyst on an oxygen ion-conductive YSZ pellet, where the reaction was assisted by light irradiation. As a result, SRM proceeded stoichiometrically and the production of CO2 was suppressed. We expect the findings obtained by the GPEC system will be useful in providing design guidelines for photocatalysts.