Bentleysteensen5169

(2) Emission intensity has the most significant influence to industrial wastewater in decreasing emissions; energy efficiency makes the biggest contribution to industrial solid waste in decreasing emissions, economic output and population contribute the most to industrial solid waste in increasing emissions. (3) Nanjing has the highest contribution rate of emission intensity and population, and the contribution rate of energy efficiency and economic output to Taizhou is the highest. Identifying the key driving factors of different pollutants can serve as evidence and guidance for urban environmental governance, therefore reducing emissions ulteriorly, and achieving sustainable development.The construction industry plays an important role in energy saving and carbon emissions mitigation of China. Promoting carbon emission efficiency is seen as an efficient way to abate carbon emissions. Using 2005-2016 data, the carbon emission efficiency of the construction sector in 30 provinces is estimated, and the spatial distribution characteristics of the carbon emission efficiency of the construction industry is explored. The spatial Markov transition probability matrix is employed to investigate the influence of the spatial spillover effect on the regional distribution pattern of carbon emission efficiency. The results demonstrate that the carbon emission efficiency of the construction industry exhibits an unbalanced regional distribution, which is high in the east and low in the west. The spatial autocorrelation indicates that the carbon emission efficiency has a spatial dependence and is characterized by spatial agglomeration. Markov Chain results show a significant spatial spillover effect in carbon emission efficiency. The provinces with higher carbon emission efficiency have a positive effect on their neighbors, while the provinces with lower efficiency have a negative effect on neighbors. The findings are of great importance to understand the differences in and interactions of carbon emission efficiency between regions.Wetlands are one of the most productive aquatic ecosystems on earth, and their water quality is an indicative of their suitability for maintaining various ecosystem services. In this study, different statistical techniques and water quality index (WQI) were employed to access the status and spatiotemporal patterns in water quality of seven selected (two natural and five manmade) wetlands of Punjab. The results revealed that the status of water quality in the selected wetlands was between good and poor during studied seasons (summer, monsoon, and winter) of year 2019. The principal component analysis identified three groups of wetlands with distinct water quality characteristics with spatial patterns Kahnuwan Chhamb and Keshopur Miani having nearly similar values of pH, total dissolve salts, electrical conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, total alkalinity, bicarbonate and ammonium content; Ropar, Kanjli, and Harike having higher value of nutrients than the other wetlands; and Ranjit Sagar and Nangal with low value of measured water quality characteristics. Further, analysis of variance revealed that all analyzed water quality parameters showed temporal patterns in water quality except water pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, and phosphate content. This comparative study enhanced our knowledge about the spatiotemporal patterns in water quality and in the future will be helpful to the policymakers and concerned authorities for developing better water quality management strategies for these wetlands.A microcosm bioassay was designed to assess the efficacy of wastewater treatment methods used in sewage plants. The taxonomic and feeding characteristics of a meiobenthic nematode assemblage from Ghar El Melh lagoon (Tunisia) were used to achieve this goal. Nematode assemblages were exposed for 30 days to untreated wastewater (UW) obtained from the sewage treatment plant of Sidi Ahmed (Tunisia) and three mixtures with treated wastewater (TW33 = 33%, TW66 = 66%, and TW100 = 100%). Concerning the nematode abundance, the exposure to either treated wastewater (TW33-100) or untreated wastewater (UW) had no significant effect. In contrast, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou's Evenness were clearly reduced by contamination with both types of wastewater, with a more pronounced negative impact prior to treatment in the sewage plant. The multivariate analyzes revealed a change in the taxonomic composition of the nematofauna in response to the contamination by untreated or treated wastewater. The relative abundances of species in wastewater replicates compared to controls reflected this taxonomic restructuring. Finally, Ascolaimus elongatus, Terschellingia communis, and Kraspedonema octogoniata were less represented in all experimentally treated units and could be considered as 'sensitive taxa to wastewater'. While, Paracomesoma dubium, appears to be a 'tolerant and/or opportunistic' species, showing increased relative abundances under all wastewater treatments.Air pollution in Port Harcourt metropolis exacerbated by ambient air-borne black soot particles in the past 4 years has become a great concern especially for children who indulge in recreational pools' activities. This study was therefore carried out to evaluate the toxicities of recreational pools in Port Harcourt City and hence perform preliminary health risk assessment. Five recreational pools (4 outdoor and 1 indoor) were used out of the randomly selected 8, from 30 that were identified. Toxicity assessment was carried out using "Ostracods-linked mathematical model" while risk assessment was by analysing protein oxidation and hepatotoxicity in the hepatocytes of exposed rats. Questionnaire-based approach was used to elicit relevant information from children (10-13 years) who consistently engaged in recreational pool activities. The pH and temperature and bacteriological examination of the pools were also carried out. Results show that all the pools were in fairly good sanitary conditions based on the highest mean bacterial counts (2.33±0.57/100 ml), while all were slightly acidic and with normal temperature range. The toxicity indices of outdoor pools (SP 1) and (SP 5) are respectively 20.8 and 49.0 units, while that of outdoor pools (SP 2) and (SP 3) are the same (42.5 units). "No-observed-effect-toxicity" (NOET) was observed for the indoor pool (SP 4). Analysis of the structured questionnaires inferred that none of the children traced has or has had any of the recreational water illnesses. However, results of protein oxidation in rats and hepatotoxicity of rats' hepatocytes suggest that the exposed children may be at oxidative stress-related risks in future especially if the children continue, without adequate precaution, in the use of these pools. It is recommended that further monitoring of these children be continued while measures such as frequent changes of the pool water are ensured.Low-carbon transformation has become a key priority in China, as demonstrated in the implementation of the Carbon Peak, Carbon Neutralization policy, leading to increasing concern of environmental performance at the corporate level. BMS-986158 This paper measures the carbon emission of 1,089 Chinese companies through the EIO-LCA-based approach. Then we examine the impacts of international crude oil price fluctuations and the corporate development level on carbon emissions of individual companies. Our results indicate that an increase in international crude oil price uncertainty could inhibit the company's carbon emission. In parallel, we find that there might exist an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) inverted U-shaped correlation between the company's development level and its environmental performance. However, some exceptions to corporate carbon performance may emerge, resulting from specific corporate characteristics such as the state-owned nature and whether the firm is listed on the stock exchange. Our results could help companies optimize their internal carbon emission structure during the low-carbon transition process and contribute to effective policy regulations towards the target of carbon reduction.Pistachio is an economically valuable crop, and Iran is among the biggest producers, exporters, and consumers of this product in the world. During the growing season, pistachios are subjected to multiple sprayings with various pesticides, which result in the accumulation of their residues in nuts. These residues have raised concerns regarding consumers' health. In this research, uptake and dissipation kinetics of insecticides imidacloprid (IMI), thiacloprid (THI), thiamethoxam (THX), and abamectin (ABA) were investigated in pistachio nuts. Field experiments were conducted in a pistachio orchard. Pistachio trees were sprayed with the recommended dose of each insecticide formulation and water as the control. Samplings were performed for up to 49 days. Based on the results, pesticides uptake and dissipation kinetics were best fitted to first-order exponential growth (FOEG) and single first-order kinetic (SFOK) models, respectively. Variations in pesticides uptake/dissipation rates were mostly related to their water solubility, pKa, and log Kow. THX showed a higher uptake rate (0.16 ± 0.04) compared to IMI (0.10 ± 0.01) and THI (0.06 ± 0.01). The fastest dissipation rates were observed for IMI (0.04 ± 0.002 day-1) and THX (0.03 ± 0.001 day-1), while the slowest belonged to THI (0.02 ± 0.003 day-1). ABA residues were below the quantification limit (LOQ) throughout the experiment. Based on FOEG and SFOK model predictions, multiple sprayings with THI and THX resulted in final concentrations exceeding the maximum residue limit (MRL). Hazard quotients for all pesticides were less then 1, indicating no risk to humans via consumption of the pistachio nut.Concentrations of 12 metals (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb and Zn) were examined in the pectoral and thigh muscle of great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo). The samples were collected from Central Tisza-Jászság Nature Conservation Area in Hungary. The tissue samples were analysed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The aim of the study was to examine the impacts of heavy metal pollution on the water birds, determine the concentrations of the abovementioned metals in the different muscle tissues of these wetland birds, and provide the basic materials for monitoring the environmental pollution. Among the investigated elements/metals, the detected concentrations of As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Mo and Ni were below the detection limit. Higher concentration of Cu, Hg, Mn and Pb was measured in the pectoral muscle compared to the thigh muscle, but only in the case of Cu and Mn were found significant differences between the tissues. In the case of the Zn concentration, the higher value was detected in the thigh muscle. There were no statistical differences between males and females in either metal concentrations.The occurrence of ten target pharmaceuticals was investigated in drinking water sources and tap water in a city in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, including erythromycin (ERY), roxithromycin (RTM), ciprofloxacin (CPX), ofloxacin (OFX), sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TC), ibuprofen (IBF), and naproxen (NPX). And the corresponding ecological risk for three classes of aquatic organisms and human health risk for different life stages were estimated. Results demonstrated that nine pharmaceuticals except for TC were detected with the frequencies of 20-100% and the concentrations of less then LOQ-118.60 ng/L in drinking water sources. Only SMX and IBF were detected quantitatively with the highest concentrations of 0.69 ng/L and 1.28 ng/L in tap water, respectively. The concentrations of the target pharmaceuticals were lower than or comparable with those in other drinking water systems. The spatiotemporal variations of the target pharmaceuticals might be mainly attributed to their usage object, emission amount, and natural attenuation.