Johnstonshah5197

The research contributes to the body of knowledge relating to the reduction of carbon emissions through prefabrication. This is pertinent to contractors, homebuyers and governments who are constantly seeking ways to achieve a circular economy. V.Bioremediation is one of efficient methods to solve the issues of water or soil contaminated by metal ions. However, the harvested biowaste is often troublesome to handle owing to the second pollution. Herein, the waste eggshell membrane was used to adsorb Cu2+ in wastewater, which was then converted into biochar containing copper ions (Cu2+-Cu+/Biochar) via a rapid pyrolysis. By integrating the collective advantages of eggshell membrane and Cu2+-Cu+, such as superior electrical conductivity, enlarged electrochemically active surface area, unique three-dimensional porous network characteristics, and fast charge transport, the Cu2+-Cu+/Biochar system can be used as a self-supporting sensor for detection of nitrite (NO2-). The sensor demonstrated superior electrochemical sensing abilities accompanied by a broad linear range (1-300 μM), ultralow detection limit (0.63 μM), and high sensitivity (30.0 μA·mM-1·cm-2). In addition, the fabricated electrochemical sensor has excellent stability, good reproducibility, and strong anti-interference performance. More importantly, the sensor has a high recovery rate when it is used to detect nitrite in tap water, mineral water, and sausage, indicating the feasibility of using this sensor in practical applications. This study provides a green and sustainable approach for simultaneous treatment of biomass waste eggshell membrane, remedy of heavy metals, and electrochemical detection of nitrite. V.As a new type of pollutant, microplastics have attracted increased attention because of their widespread and persistent existence in the water environment. In this study, we investigated one of the eight largest lakes in China-Wuliangsuhai Lake in Inner Mongolia. The microplastic concentration in Wuliangsuhai Lake ranges from 3.12 to 11.25 n/L. The different functional areas in Wuliangsuhai can be divided into four categories, namely effluent, fishing, intake and wetland areas. The highest microplastic concentration occurs in the intake area. The collected microplastics are divided into four types, i.e., fibers, pellets, fragments and films, of which fibers are the most abundant. Among the four functional areas of Wuliangsuhai Lake, the highest fiber concentration is observed in the fishing area. The microplastics in Wuliangsuhai Lake are mainly small size, and the microplastics smaller than 2 mm account for 98.2% of the total microplastics, while the microplastic size in the intake area is relatively large. Polystyrene and polyethylene are the main polymer types. Agricultural wastewater, domestic sewage and fishery discharge have the greatest impact on the microplastic distribution. This study reveals that the inland lakes in northern China are polluted by microplastics, which may cause potential harm to the surrounding environment. The number of apple (Malus pumila Mill.) orchards has increased substantially in hilly regions of the Loess Plateau of China, as a significant element of the large-scale 'Grain for Green' ecological rehabilitation program that aims to conserve soil and water while improving the regions economic prospects. However, the long-term effects of the orchard expansion and the adaptive responses of apple trees to drought are not known. Thus, using a space-for-time substitution approach, we investigated plant-available water and fine-root distribution in the 0-8 m soil profile in apple orchards of various ages in a dry year (2015, 392 mm rainfall) and the following year with normal precipitation (2016, 500 mm rainfall). We found that plant-available water gradually decreased with stand age in the dry year, but increased in the normal year, especially in the 0-2 m soil layer. Fine root (2 m) had soil moisture storage deficit. In the dry year (2015), the apple trees increased both the average depth (D50 and D95 values) and biomass of their fine-root systems in response to water stress, relative to the normal year (2016). Thus, the apple trees extracted water primarily from the shallow ( less then 2 m) layers in the normal year, but from deeper soil layers in the dry year, to sustain growth. The results of this study will help to guide land and agricultural water management in rainfed apple orchards in hilly regions of the Loess Plateau and similar dryland regions. V.Antibiotic contaminants have the potential to interfere with the control of cyanobacterial bloom through generating hormesis in cyanobacteria at current contamination level of ng L-1. This study investigated the influence of a mixture of four frequently detected antibiotics, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline, during the treatment of Microcystis aeruginosa by copper sulfate (CuSO4) algaecide. CuSO4 significantly (p  less then   0.05) inhibited cell density, growth rate, Fv/Fm value, chlorophyll a content and microcystin production ability of M. aeruginosa in a dose-dependent manner at application doses of 0.01-0.05 mg L-1. Besides, CuSO4 inhibited oxidation-reduction process, photosynthesis and biosynthesis in M. aeruginosa at the proteomic level. Preventative application of CuSO4 to a low density (4 × 105 cells mL-1) of M. aeruginosa effectively prevented the formation of bloom at low CuSO4 doses, which is a possible route for eliminating the negative effects of CuSO4 algaecide in aquatic environments. The presence of mixed antibiotics alleviated the toxicity of CuSO4 in M. aeruginosa, through the downregulation of cation transport proteins and the upregulation of proteins related with chlorophyll a synthesis, photosynthesis, gene expression and oxidation-reduction. Mixed antibiotics also promoted microcystin synthesis in CuSO4 treated cells through the upregulation of microcystin synthetases. Mixed antibiotics significantly (p  less then   0.05) increased cell density, growth rate, Fv/Fm value, chlorophyll a content and microcystin production ability in CuSO4 treated cells at test concentrations of 80 and 200 ng L-1. A no-impact threshold of 20 ng L-1 for mixed antibiotics (5 ng L-1 for each antibiotic) was suggested for eliminating the interference of antibiotic contaminants on cyanobacterial bloom control. MRTX0902 order