Morganegholm8848

Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is one of the most important cereal crops in the world with colorful seeds. To study the diversity and cultivar-specificity of phytochemicals in sweet sorghum seeds, widely targeted metabolomics was used to analyze the metabolic profiles of the white, red, and purple seeds from three sweet sorghum cultivars Z6, Z27, and HC4. We identified 651 metabolites that were divided into 24 categories, including fatty acids, glycerolipids, flavonoids, benzoic acid derivatives, anthocyanins, and nucleotides and its derivatives. Among them, 217 metabolites were selected as significantly differential metabolites which could be related to the seed color by clustering analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal signal correction and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). A significant difference was shown between the red seed and purple seed samples, Z27 and HC4, in which 106 were downregulated and 111 were upregulated. The result indicated that 240 metabolites were significantly different, which could be related to the purple color with 58 metabolites downregulated and 182 metabolites upregulated. And 199 metabolites might be involved in the red phenotype with 54 downregulated and 135 upregulated. There were 45 metabolites that were common to all three cultivars, while cyanidin O-malonyl-malonyl hexoside, cyanidin O-acetylhexoside, and cyanidin 3-O-glucosyl-malonylglucoside were significantly upregulated red seeds, which could be the basis for the variety of seed colors. Generally, our findings provide a comprehensive comparison of the metabolites between the three phenotypes of S. bicolor and an interpretation of phenotypic differences from the point of metabolomics. Copyright © 2020 Yaxing Zhou et al.Bacillus megaterium NCT-2 is a nitrate-uptake bacterial, which shows high bioremediation capacity in secondary salinization soil, including nitrate-reducing capacity, phosphate solubilization, and salinity adaptation. To gain insights into the bioremediation capacity at the genetic level, the complete genome sequence was obtained by using a multiplatform strategy involving HiSeq and PacBio sequencing. The NCT-2 genome consists of a circular chromosome of 5.19 Mbp and ten indigenous plasmids, totaling 5.88 Mbp with an average GC content of 37.87%. The chromosome encodes 5,606 genes, 142 tRNAs, and 53 rRNAs. Genes involved in the features of the bioremediation in secondary salinization soil and plant growth promotion were identified in the genome, such as nitrogen metabolism, phosphate uptake, the synthesis of organic acids and phosphatase for phosphate-solubilizing ability, and Trp-dependent IAA synthetic system. Furthermore, strain NCT-2 has great ability of adaption to environments due to the genes involved in cation transporters, osmotic stress, and oxidative stress. This study sheds light on understanding the molecular basis of using B. megaterium NCT-2 in bioremediation of the secondary salinization soils. Copyright © 2020 Bin Wang et al.BACKGROUND Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) is an uncommon autosomal recessive disorder of mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation. Syncope is a transient loss of consciousness due to acute global cerebral hypoperfusion. Late-onset MADD with syncope has not been reported previously. CASE SUMMARY We report a 17-year-old girl with exercise intolerance and muscle weakness. She felt palpitation and shortness of breath after short bouts of exercise. She also suffered from a transient loss of consciousness many times. Muscle biopsy showed lipid storage. Genetic mutation analysis indicated a compound heterozygous mutation c.250G > A (p.A84T) and c.872T > G (p.V291G) in the ETFDH gene. The results of Holter electrocardiogram monitoring showed supraventricular tachycardia when the patient experienced a loss of consciousness. After treatment with riboflavin and carnitine, muscle weakness and palpitation symptoms improved rapidly. No loss of consciousness occurred, and the Holter electrocardiogram monitoring was normal. CONCLUSION Late-onset MADD with supraventricular tachycardia can cause cardiac syncope. Carnitine and riboflavin supplement were beneficial for treating the late-onset MADD with cardiac syncope. Attention should be paid to the prevention of cardiac syncope when diagnosing late-onset MADD. ©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Primary intimal sarcoma of the pulmonary artery is a rare malignant tumor originating from the pulmonary artery, which has a low incidence rate and is easily misdiagnosed as pulmonary embolism. There is no standard protocol for the treatment of primary intimal sarcoma of the pulmonary artery. CASE SUMMARY This study reports a patient with primary intimal sarcoma of the pulmonary artery who was admitted to our hospital in 2017. The clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and outcome of the patient were retrospectively analyzed. The patient was a Chinese Han male aged 44 years. He had three consecutive episodes of syncope, and was thus admitted to a local hospital. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography showed multiple lesions with abnormal densities in the pulmonary trunk, left pulmonary artery, mediastinum and pericardium, which were consistent with recurrence after tumor resection. He underwent surgery, and was pathologically diagnosed with intimal sarcoma of the pulmonary artery. He relapsed 3 mo after surgery, and apatinib was administered. His condition was stable after 4 mo, with tolerable and controllable adverse reactions. He subsequently died 19 mo after surgery. CONCLUSION Primary intimal sarcoma of the pulmonary artery has no specific clinical or imaging manifestations. The diagnosis of this disease depends on histopathology and immunohistochemistry, and has a poor clinical prognosis. Surgical treatment is currently a favorable option for primary intimal sarcoma of the pulmonary artery, and targeted therapy may provide new insights for the development of effective treatment methods. ©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Congenital anomalous retinal artery is rare and does not typically affect visual acuity. However, an abnormal artery that passes through and supplies blood to the macular area complicated with branch retinal artery occlusion may negatively impact visual acuity. This study reports an unusual case of anomalous retinal artery combined with retinal artery occlusion. CASE SUMMARY A 52-year-old male presented with severely reduced vision in the right eye. The fundus examination revealed an anomalous artery, extending from the superior temporal arcade and crossing the macula into the inferior temporal quadrant. The anomalous artery was partially occluded, with a narrowed lumen. A cherry-red spot was observed with whitening of the macular area, suggesting macular edema. Fundus fluorescein angiography revealed disc leakage and a delayed filling time. Optical coherence tomography revealed increased thickness of the neuroretina and underlying layers. The patient was treated with vessel dilation, hyperbaric oxygen, ocular massage, and thrombolytics. Visual acuity of the right eye subsequently improved to 20/200 from hand motion at 4 cm. This improvement in visual acuity persisted when the patient was examined at the 1-mo follow-up visit. The patient was subsequently followed via telephone interview. selleck inhibitor The information provided via interview indicated that visual acuity in the affected eye was stable up to 6 years from the time of the initial presentation. However, after 3 additional years, the patient was diagnosed with neovascular glaucoma in the right eye, which was subsequently enucleated. CONCLUSION Although congenital retinal vascular anomaly, including anomalous retinal artery, rarely affects vision, when complicated with branch retinal artery occlusion, the abnormal artery that supplies the macula may severely reduce visual acuity. ©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Severe horizontal bone deficiency of the maxillary anterior region is considered a major challenge in reconstruction and successful implant placement. Various approaches have been developed to augment bone volume. Of these approaches, onlay bone graft, alveolar bone splitting, and guided bone regeneration have been suggested. CASE SUMMARY A 22-year-old female patient, with no previous medical history, presented to the Department of Oral Implantology, Wuhan University due to a missing right maxillary incisor. The X-ray results showed severe horizontal bone deficiency, with an available bone width of 3.1-4.0 mm. The two bone blocks sandwich technique was performed to augment the bone volume. After 6 months healing, X-ray results showed that the newly formed alveolar ridge dimension increased to 4.7-9.5 mm horizontally. Implant insertion surgery was performed and all-ceramic restorations were fabricated. The implant was stable at the 1-year follow-up visit after restoration, and the X-ray showed a stable bone level around the dental implant. The scores for the pink esthetic score and white esthetic score were 12 and 8, respectively, and the patient was satisfied with the esthetic outcome. CONCLUSION The two bone blocks sandwich technique may be an alternative treatment option in augmenting severe horizontal bone deficiency of the anterior maxilla. ©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Natural killer (NK)/T cell lymphoma is a rare and highly aggressive malignant tumor, and is a special form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Although extranodal involvement is frequently found in tissues such as the skin, testicular and gastrointestinal tract etc, its presence in skeletal muscle has scarcely been reported in the literature. CASE SUMMARY We report a case of extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma with muscle swelling as the first clinical manifestation. A 42-year-old man, who initially presented with localized swelling in the double lower extremities, demonstrated gradual facial and eyelid swelling, and his imaging results showed multiple sites of muscle damage throughout the body. The final pathological results suggested NK/T cell lymphoma, and immunohistochemistry showed CD20 (-), CD3Ɛ (+), CD30 (+), CD56 (-), EBER (+), Ki67 (60%), TIA-1 (+) and CD68 (±) staining. The muscle swelling significantly improved after treatment with chemotherapy regimens. CONCLUSION This disease is difficult to diagnose and highly invasive, and should be included in the differential diagnosis of unexplained muscle swelling. ©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND A 46-year-old male underwent ascending aortic replacement, total arch replacement, and descending aortic stent implantation for Stanford type A aortic dissection in 2016. However, an intraoperative stent-graft was deployed in the false lumen inadvertently. This caused severe iatrogenic thoracic and abdominal aortic dissection, and the dissection involved many visceral arteries. CASE SUMMARY The patient had pain in the chest and back for 1 mo. A computed tomography scan showed that the patient had secondary thoracic and abdominal aortic dissection. The ascending aortic replacement, total arch replacement, and descending aortic stent implantation for Stanford type A aortic dissection were performed 2 years prior. An intraoperative stent-graft was deployed in the false lumen. Endovascular aneurysm repair was performed to address this intractable situation. An occluder was used to occlude the proximal end of the true lumen, and a covered stent was used to direct blood flow back to the true lumen. A three-dimensional printing technique was used in this operation to guide pre-fenestration.