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sponses that define them in a negative way. check details In the end, the burn survivor's individual, familial, and social dimensions are significantly impacted.Vitamin D (25OHD) deficiency is associated with poor outcomes in intensive care populations. The primary objective of this 7-center study was to determine if 25OHD deficiency is associated with infectious outcomes in adult burn patients. Generalized linear mixed modeling was used to control for center effect, percent total body surface area burn (% TBSA), age, and presence of inhalation injury. A total of 1147 patients were initially included (admitted January 2016 through August 2019). After exclusions, 234 (56.8%) in the deficient (25OHD less then 20 ng/mL) and 178 in the non-deficient group (25OHD ≥ 20 ng/mL) remained, surpassing a priori power requirements. The non-deficient group had their concentration drawn earlier (p less then 0.001), were more likely to be male (p = 0.006), Caucasian (p less then 0.001), have lower body mass index (p = 0.009), lower % TBSA (p = 0.002), and taking a 25OHD supplement prior to admission (p less then 0.001). Deficient patients were more likely to have an infectious outcome (52.1% vs 36.0%, p = 0.002), acute kidney injury with renal replacement therapy (p = 0.009), less ventilator free days in the first 28 days (p less then 0.001), and vasopressors (p = 0.01). After controlling for center, % TBSA, age, and inhalation injury the best model also included presence of deficiency (OR 2.425 [CI 1.206-4.876]), days until 25OHD supplement initiation (OR 1.139 [CI 1.035-1.252]), and choice of cholecalciferol over ergocalciferol (OR 2.112 [CI 1.151-3.877]). To the authors' knowledge, this is the first multicenter study to evaluate the relationship between 25OHD and infectious complications in burn patients.

Worldwide, different strategies have been chosen to face the COVID-19-patient surge, often affecting access to health care for other patients. This observational study aimed to investigate whether the standard of burn care changed globally during the pandemic, and whether country´s income, geographical location, COVID-19-transmission pattern, and levels of specialization of the burn units affected reallocation of resources and access to burn care.

The Burn Care Survey is a questionnaire developed to collect information on the capacity to provide burn care by burn units around the world, before and during the pandemic. The survey was distributed between September and October 2020. McNemar`s test analyzed differences between services provided before and during the pandemic, χ2 or Fisher's exact test differences between groups. Multivariable logistic regression analyzed the independent effect of different factors on keeping the burn units open during the pandemic.

The survey was completed by 234 burn units in 43 countries. During the pandemic, presence of burn surgeons did not change (p=0.06), while that of anesthetists and dedicated nursing staff was reduced (<0.01), and so did the capacity to manage patients in all age groups (p=0.04). Use of telemedicine was implemented (p<0.01), collaboration between burn centers was not. Burn units in LMICs and LICs were more likely to be closed, after adjustment for other factors.

During the pandemic, most burn units were open, although availability of standard resources diminished worldwide. The use of telemedicine increased, suggesting the implementation of new strategies to manage burns. Low income was independently associated with reduced access to burn care.

During the pandemic, most burn units were open, although availability of standard resources diminished worldwide. The use of telemedicine increased, suggesting the implementation of new strategies to manage burns. Low income was independently associated with reduced access to burn care.

Burn injuries remain common in the world, with an average of more than thousands of cases requiring medical attention each year. Singapore sees an average of 220 burns admissions annually. Given the high number of burn cases in Singapore, the authors identified that there is a need for more public awareness on first aid burn treatment. Acute management of burns can improve eventual patient outcome. The authors devised a simple mnemonic that can be used in burns education for first aid treatment, intended to be taught to trained personnel, who will have the first contact with these burn patients. The aim of the study was to assess the viability of implementing this mnemonic, B.U.R.N.S, to facilitate first aid education for burns.

In this study, we presented this mnemonic as a poster to 30 full-time burn care medical professionals. Feedback was then obtained from this group of medical professionals and used to revise the mnemonic. The mnemonic was then subsequently taught to 400 medical professionals, who ah to also be able to do so on an international level when courses are conducted.The exceptionally severe burns caused by incendiary weapons make strengthening international law a humanitarian imperative. Given healthcare professionals' deep understanding of the human cost of burn injuries, they are in a unique position to urge governments to initiate a process to assess the law's shortcomings at a major UN disarmament meeting in December. One way to advocate for such policy change is by signing an open letter from healthcare professionals and burn survivor organizations.Impaired wound healing is one of a variety of severe diabetic complications and involves many factors, including consistent oxidative stress, prolonged inflammation, impaired angiogenesis, and delayed re-epithelialization. Despite the severe negative impacts that impaired wound healing has on patients' lives, detailed mechanisms and effective therapies are still not fully developed. In this study, we aim to investigate the potential effects and mechanisms of topical administration of pterostilbene and resveratrol on burn wound healing in diabetes. Our in vitro experiments in human umbilical vein endothelial cells showed that long term exposure of hyperglycemia induces oxidative stress and suppression of hypoxia inducible factor1α (HIF1α) signaling pathway, and pterostilbene treatment completely, while resveratrol treatment partly, reversed this effect. Further in vivo experiments in diabetic rats showed that topical administration of pterostilbene exhibited stronger efficacy than resveratrol in normalizing oxidative stress, HIF1α activity, and accelerating burn wound healing in diabetes. We conclude that topical administration of pterostilbene accelerates burn wound healing in diabetes through activation of the HIF1α signaling pathway; thus, pterostilbene may be a potential candidate for clinical treatment of burn wound healing in diabetes.

The first states began implementing the Medicaid expansion provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2014. Studies have yet to address its impact on burn patients.

Burn patients in geographic regions that expanded Medicaid coverage were compared to patients in regions that did not expand Medicaid before and after implementation of the ACA using bivariate statistics and a difference-in-differences model. A multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with having Medicaid insurance. The primary outcome of this study was the rate of Medicaid insurance.

Of 25,331 discharges, we found greater increases in Medicaid coverage after the ACA in the Medicaid expander regions (23.4-40.2%) compared to the non-expander regions (18.5-20.1%). The difference-in-differences estimate between the expander and non-expander regions was 0.15 (95% CI 0.11-0.18, p<0.001). Patients admitted in expander regions were more likely to be insured by Medicaid (OR 1.57 [95%CI 1.21-2.05]), as were patients of Black race (OR 1.25 [95%CI 1.19-1.32), Hispanic ethnicity (OR 1.29 [95%CI 1.14-1.46]), and female sex (OR 1.59 [95%CI 1.11-2.27]). We also found a significant interaction between time period (pre-ACA/post-ACA) and expander region location (OR 2.10 [95%CI 1.67-2.62]).

The Medicaid expansion provision of the ACA led to increased Medicaid coverage among burn patients which was significantly higher in areas with widespread implementation of the expansion.

The Medicaid expansion provision of the ACA led to increased Medicaid coverage among burn patients which was significantly higher in areas with widespread implementation of the expansion.Research supports that people of color in the U.S. have poorer outcomes after burn injury compared to White individuals. The current study sought to explore burn health disparities by testing the relationship between racial and ethnic minority status, a proxy for systemic discrimination due to race and ethnicity, with two key constructs linked to functional outcomes, satisfaction with appearance and social community integration. Participants included 1318 burn survivors from the Burn Model System National Database (mean age = 40.2, SD = 12.7). Participants completed measures of satisfaction with appearance and social community integration at baseline, 6-, 12-, and 24-months after burn injury. Linear regressions revealed that racial and ethnic minority status significantly related to lower satisfaction with appearance and social community integration compared to White individuals at all time points. In addition, satisfaction with appearance continued to significantly relate to greater social community integration even while accounting for race and ethnicity, age, sex, burn size, and physical disability at 6-, 12-, and 24-month time points. Overall, the study supports that racial and ethnic minority burn survivors report greater dissatisfaction with their appearance and lower social community reintegration after burn injury.Burns are a common traumatic injuries with considerable morbidity and mortality rates. Post-burn intestinal injuries are closely related to oxidative stress and inflammatory response. The aim of the current study was to investigate the combined effect of sodium butyrate (NaB) and probiotics (PROB) on severe burn-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response and the underlying mechanism of action. Sprague-Dawley rats with severe burns were treated with NaB with or without PROB. Pathomorphology of skin and small intestine tissue was observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and severe burn-induced apoptosis in small intestine tissue was examined via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay. The release of factors related to inflammation was quantified using ELISA kits and qRT-PCR and levels of oxidative stress markers were evaluated using biochemical assays. Furthermore, mitochondrial morphological changes in small intestinal epithelial cells were observed usinand decreased the phosphorylation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2). In conclusion, our findings indicate that combined NaB and PROB treatment may inhibit severe burn-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in the small intestine by regulating HMGB1/NF-κB and ERK1/2/Nrf2 signaling, thereby providing a new therapeutic strategy for intestinal injury induced by severe burn.