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Neuropsychological assessment can enrich our understanding of Pediatric Bipolar Disorder (PB). This study aimed to (1) analyze the occurrence of neuropsychological frequency of deficits and difficulties in children with PB; (2) verify whether there is a performance difference between PB type I (PB-I) and PB type II (PB-II)/unspecified, and between PB with and without ADHD; and (3) verify the cognitive efficiency differences within the PB group and control groups, and among clinical subgroups. Participants in the study were 16 children diagnosed with PB and 40 children with typical development (6-12 years old). The results indicated a high frequency of deficits/difficulties in verbal fluency, cognitive efficiency in performing basic abilities, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and working memory, with emphasis on verbal and executive losses. There were indications that type PB-I and comorbidity with ADHD negatively impact a child's neuropsychological development. The clinical group showed more cognitive efficiency losses compared with the control group, and greater losses were observed in PB-I and in PB with ADHD. The role of neuropsychological evaluation in multidomain and nonlinear statistical analysis is critical to gaining an understanding of the clinical and cognitive heterogeneity of PB.

The focus of this study was to investigate the possibility of producing ibuprofen-nicotinamide (IBU-NIC) and ibuprofen-isonicotinamide (IBU-INA) cocrystal-containing granules, using a one-step fluidized bed dryer granulation manufacturing process, and evaluate their mechanical properties.

Pharmaceutical cocrystals represent a suitable strategy to improve properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), such as solubility and processability. Ibuprofen (IBU) is a small molecule API which can form cocrystals with different coformers, including NIC and INA. An improvement in mechanical properties for IBU-NIC cocrystals relative to IBU was previously reported but, to date, the formulation of IBU cocrystals in a solid dosage form has not been investigated.

cocrystallization and granulation were achieved concurrently by processing in a lab-scale fluidized bed granulator following a design of experiment (DoE) approach using a two-level factorial design with both process and formulation variables. Solid-state, micrometric, dissolution, and mechanical (tabletability) characteristics of granules were assessed post-processing.

Granules containing cocrystals were successfully prepared for 11 of 16 DoE runs. Lenalidomide datasheet Parameters with a significant effect on granule drug loading, flow function, porosity, and size could be identified from the DoE model. Process yield was increased by using a high inlet temperature at high solution feed rate. To avoid the formation of sticky particles, caking and over-wetting of the powder during the process, the utilization of high inlet temperature, low API + coformerfiller ratio, low API concentration in solution and low solution feed rate were suggested by the model.

The multivariable model developed enables accurate optimization of the granulation process for IBU cocrystals.

The multivariable model developed enables accurate optimization of the granulation process for IBU cocrystals.An increasing number of medical teachers have taken an interest in design thinking, which has been used for years in business, law, and technology sectors. Yet, what does design thinking mean, and how has it been applied in medical education? This commentary discusses design thinking from multiple perspectives. First, it overviews, briefly, the historical development of design thinking, which medical education literature has seldom addressed in detail. Second, it synthesizes three current understandings of design thinking across disciplines design thinking as a cognitive style, as a process of creativity and innovation, and as an organizational attribute. Third, it presents a 'roundup' of design thinking initiatives that have been applied at preclinical and clinical levels, including programs, courses, workshops, and hackathons. To conclude, the commentary suggests future directions for medical teachers interested in design thinking. Although design thinking is showing promise in medical education, there is substantial work to be done theoretically and practically.Objective This study aimed to observe the effect of miR-9-5p and CPEB3 on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, and investigate the underlying targeting regulatory mechanism. Materials & methods Various experiments like CCK-8, colony formation assay, wound healing assay and Transwell were performed for cancer cell activities detection, including cell proliferation, growth activity, migration and invasion. Results MiR-9-5p was found to be highly expressed in HCC cells, while CPEB3 was poorly expressed (p less then 0.05). The overexpression of miR-9-5p and the silencing of CPEB3 both could significantly promote cell proliferation, migration and invasion (p less then 0.05). In addition, miR-9-5p could target to downregulate CPEB3 expression, thus accelerating cell proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition process in HCC. Conclusion MiR-9-5p can target CPEB3, thereby promoting cell proliferation, migration and invasion in HCC. The axis of miR-9-5p/CPEB3 is expected to become a potential therapeutic target beneficial for HCC patients.Background This study aimed to 1) determine the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI), 2) identify risk factors for AKI, and 3) evaluate the impact of AKI on in-hospital outcomes in hospitalized patients for methanol intoxication.Methods We searched the National Inpatient Sample Database for hospitalized patients from 2003 to 2014 with a primary diagnosis of methanol intoxication. We excluded patients with end-stage kidney disease. We identified the AKI using a discharge diagnosis code. We compared clinical characteristics, in-hospital treatment, outcomes, and resource use between AKI and non-AKI patients.Results A total of 603 hospital admissions for methanol intoxication were analyzed. AKI developed in 135 (22.4%) admissions. Anemia (OR 3.43 p less then 0.001), hypertension (OR 1.86; p = 0.02), volume depletion (OR 3.46; p = 0.001), sepsis (OR 6.91; p less then 0.001), rhabdomyolysis (OR 6.25; p = 0.003), and acute pancreatitis (OR 5.30; p = 0.004) were independent risk factors for AKI development. AKI was significantly associated with increased risk of in-hospital mortality and organ failure.