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a long-term follow-up.The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has coordinated a research project titled "Enhancing Nuclear Analytical Techniques to Meet the Needs of Forensics Sciences" (CRP F11021) with the aim of empowering accelerator and reactor based techniques for applications in forensic sciences. One of the key topics of this project was the analysis and classification of forensic glass specimens using Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) techniques and in particular, Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE). To this end, glass fragments from car windows from different car models and manufacturers provided by the Israeli police force were subjected to PIXE measurements at three laboratories to determine their elemental compositions and possible glass corrosion. Major and trace elements were measured and given as an input to machine learning (ML) algorithms in order to develop classification models to determine the origin of the glass samples. First, we have developed ML models based on the results obtained at each lab. These models successfully classified glass fragments into different car models with an accuracy> 80% on external test sets. Next, we demonstrated that following an appropriate pre-processing step, results from different labs could be combined into a single unified database for the derivation of a classification model. This model demonstrates good performances that matches or surpasses the performances of models derived from the individual labs. This finding paves the way towards establishing an international database that is composed of measurements from various PIXE labs. We believe that using this methodology of combining various sources of measurements will improve models' performances and generality and will make the models accessible to law enforcement agencies around the world.
Orgasm is a complex, multimodal reflex induced typically by genital stimulation. Genitally stimulated orgasms (GSOs) activate excitatory neurochemical pathways in the brain and spinal cord that ultimately stimulate sympathetic outflow and the inhibition of parasympathetic spinal circuits in the lower lumbar cord. However, some women claim to have orgasms spontaneously without genital stimulation.
To report the case of a 33-year-old woman who developed the ability to attain and control the duration of a subjective orgasmic state without genital stimulation after tantric training.
Blood was taken at weekly intervals before, during, and after spontaneously-induced orgasms that lasted 5 or 10 minutes, or after a 10-minutes period of book reading. Plasma was analyzed using ELISA for luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, free testosterone, and prolactin. The woman also provided subjective scores for different types of orgasms using the Mah and Binik (2002) Orgasm Rating Scale (ORS).
Prolactin lTsarski K, A Case of Female Orgasm Without Genital Stimulation. Sex Med 2022;10100496.Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) caused by structural vascular lesions is associated with better outcomes than primary ICH, but this relationship is poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that ICH from a vascular lesion has more benign hematoma characteristics compared to primary ICH. We performed a retrospective study using data from our medical center. The SMASH-U criteria were used to adjudicate the etiology of ICH. The co-primary outcomes were admission parenchymal hematoma volume and hematoma expansion at 24 h. Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to test associations. A total of 231 patients were included of whom 42 (18%) had a vascular lesion. Compared to primary ICH patients, those with structural vascular lesions were younger (49 vs. 68 years, p less then 0.001), less likely to have hypertension (29% vs. 74%, p less then 0.001), had lower mean admission systolic blood pressure (140 ± 23 vs. read more 164 ± 35, p less then 0.001), less frequently had IVH (26% vs. 44%, p = 0.03), and had mostly lobar or infratentorial hemorrhages. The median admission hematoma volume was smaller with vascular lesions (5.9 vs. 9.7 mL, p = 0.01). In regression models, ICH from a vascular lesion was associated with smaller admission hematoma volume (beta, -0.67, 95% CI, -1.29 to -0.05, p = 0.03), but no association with hematoma expansion was detected when assessed as a continuous (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, -4.46 to 6.30, p = 0.73) or dichotomous exposure (OR, 1.86; 95% CI, 0.40 to 8.51, p = 0.42). In a single-center cohort, patients with ICH from vascular lesions had smaller hematoma volumes than patients with primary ICH.Evidence from recent trials evaluating efficacy of antifibrinolytic agents in the context of traumatic brain injury may lead to changes in the management of patients with traumatic brain injury. Tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces the proteolytic action of plasmin on fibrin clots, resulting in an inhibition of fibrinolysis and stabilisation of established blood clots. There has been significant interest in use of the drug as a therapeutic agent in the context of severe haemorrhage; however, considerable controversies regarding its efficacy remain. A number of trials have demonstrated a small but significant decrease in mortality following its administration, but the results have been somewhat inconsistent and may not be generalisable. The results of the CRASH-3 trial were that there was no statistical difference in the number of traumatic brain injury related deaths (18.5% with TXA and 19.8% with placebo; relative risk [RR] 0·94; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0·86-1·02). Nonetheless, there was a subgroup of patients for whom TXA appeared to provide benefit, and this was in patients with mild and moderate injury (with a Glasgow Coma Score > 8). This is potentially a very important finding that may have huge potential implications; however, we believe it does not currently provide indisputable evidence to support the administration of TXA to all patients with TBI. Further work is required to better define the subset of patients who may benefit as well as to evaluate the long-term functional benefit in order to determine which types of severe traumatic brain injury patients would derive more benefits than harms from TXA.
Tobacco manufacturers design and marketed products with appealing sensory characteristics to drive product uptake and continued use. We assessed smokers' and non-smokers' cognitive, affective, and sensory responses to Camel Snus (CS) and Nicotine gum (NG) to gauge future intentions to use.
In a single laboratory session, 348 participants (including current smokers and nonsmokers in Buffalo, NY and Boston, MA) were exposed to CS and NG products in counterbalanced order. Exposure involved a cumulative set of 3 steps in which participants i) viewed an advertisement; ii) viewed the packaging, and iii) touched and smelled the product, without actual use. Current daily and non-daily smokers were invited to undertake a fourth exposure step by sampling the product. Following product exposure, participants completed perception measures and reported future intentions to use either product at the end of the survey. After each exposure, participants' reported feelings of valence and arousal.
Smokers reported greater preference to try NG (63.8%) compared with CS (17.4%) or neither (18.8%), whereas majority of nonsmokers preferred neither product (64.3%) (p<0.01). Of those offered to sample the products, 78.3% daily smokers and 68.4% non-daily smokers opted to sample. When asked about intentions to try, a greater proportion of smokers stated a preference to try NG over CS, as did the small number of nonsmokers who expressed a preference.
Intentions to try CS were low despite different levels of exposure to product, and this low product appeal and interest in use may translate to limited potential of CS to serve as a reduced harm product for smokers.
Intentions to try CS were low despite different levels of exposure to product, and this low product appeal and interest in use may translate to limited potential of CS to serve as a reduced harm product for smokers.In three studies, we examined how attributing the criminal actions of a drug-addicted offender to their "true self" influences perceptions of their blameworthiness. Study 1 revealed that attributing a drug-addicted offender's crime (theft) to his true self positively predicted judgments of the offender's blameworthiness for the crime. Study 2 employed an experimental design and revealed that information connecting a crime (vs. not connecting) to an addicted offender's true self led to greater judgments of blame, whereas learning that the offender had (vs. did not have) a genetic predisposition to addiction mitigated blame. In Study 3, participants read a vignette about a drug-addicted thief whose addiction began with a doctor's prescription, a drug-addicted thief whose addiction began with recreational drug use, or a thief with no mention of addiction. Participants in the prescription condition, but not the recreational use condition, attributed theft to the offender's true self less and ascribed less blame for the crime, relative to the no addiction condition. Furthermore, participants attributed the addiction less to the offender's true self and assigned less blame to the offender for his addiction in the prescription (vs. recreation) condition. Overall, our studies suggest that lay intuitions about true selves robustly guide people's judgments about blame in the context of crimes involving drug-addicted offenders.
Among the major impediments to successful smoking cessation are strong cravings, especially during times of heightened stress. Affective responses to stress (e.g., acute anxious and depressed mood) may serve as important mediators of cigarette cravings that are amenable to intervention. Experimental models have been developed to reliably induce cravings during stress under laboratory conditions, permitting a closer examination of possible changes in affect that may be driving cigarette cravings. A key limitation of the extant research is its reliance on samples of predominantly White males who smoke. Although several recent studies suggest possible gender- and race/ethnicity-based differences in affective responses to acute stress, no studies have explored how such differences may contribute to cigarette cravings.
To address this gap, we conducted an experimental study in which a diverse sample of healthy volunteer female (n = 163) and male (n = 139) nicotine-dependent individuals who smoked were exposed to a stressor (guided imagery of painful dental work). We assessed negative affect and cigarette craving immediately before and after the imaginal dental stressor.
Path analyses revealed that the acute stressor induced increases in negative affect, which, in turn, increased cigarette craving (significant direct and indirect effects, p's < 0.05; R
= 0.5). Interestingly, effects were more pronounced in women and in non-White individuals who smoked.
Results highlight the important roles of stress and affect in craving, and the need to consider gender and race/ethnicity when developing interventions to manage stress-induced cigarette cravings among individuals attempting to quit.
Results highlight the important roles of stress and affect in craving, and the need to consider gender and race/ethnicity when developing interventions to manage stress-induced cigarette cravings among individuals attempting to quit.
