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We asked participants to discriminate the gender of pedestrians in static video frames and found that the altered saccadic localization correlated with the degree of crowding of the saccade targets. Taken together, our results provide strong evidence that crowding impacts both recognition and goal-directed actions in natural driving situations.Nitrogen-nitrogen (N-N) bond-containing compounds are occasionally described in nature. Despite their interesting structural and biological features, biosynthetic machineries of N-N bond formation in nature remained undiscovered for a long time. However, the understanding on biosynthetic machineries of N-N bond formation have rapidly accumulated within the last few years. This includes the discovery of nitrous acid biosynthetic pathway used in secondary metabolism and the identification of metalloenzymes actually catalyzing N-N bond formation. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the understanding on the biosyntheses of N-N bond-containing natural products.Recent days have seen growing evidence of cancer's susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and of the effect of genomic differences on the virus' entrance genes in lung cancer. Genetic confirmation of the hypotheses regarding gene expression and mutation pattern of target genes, including Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2), Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2), Basigin (CD147/BSG) and Paired Basic Amino Acid Cleaving Enzyme (FURIN/PCSK3), as well as correlation analysis, were evaluated in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC) using in silico analysis. Not only were gene expression and mutation patterns detected, but also there was a correlation and survival analysis between ACE2 and other target genes expression levels. PKC inhibitor The total genetic anomaly carrying rate of target genes, including ACE2, TMPRSS2, CD147/BSG and FURIN/PCSK3, was determined as 8.1% and 21 mutations detected, with 7 of these mutations having pathogenic features. p.H34N on the RBD binding residues for SARS-CoV-2 was determined in our LUAD patient group. According to gene expression analysis results in LUAD and LUSC patient groups, while the TMPRSS2 level was statistically significantly decreased in the LUSC patient group compared to healthy control, the ACE2 level was determined to be high in LUAD and LUSC. There were no meaningful differences in expression of CD147 and FURIN genes. The challenge for the today is building the assessment of genomic susceptibility to COVID-19 in lung cancer, requiring detailed experimental laboratory studies, in addition to in silico analyses, as a way of assessing the mechanism of novel virus invasion that can be used in the development of effective SARS-CoV-2 therapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Ceftriaxone is an antibiotic agent frequently used in paediatric hospital practice for the treatment of severe bacterial infections. The use of this agent can result in cholelithiasis and/or biliary sludge, more commonly in children than in adults. This systematic review was aimed at analyzing available literature concerning ceftriaxone-associated biliary pseudolithiasis in paediatric patients, with a special emphasis on the clinical aspects. A literature analysis was performed using Medline and Embase electronic databases (articles published in English up to December 2019), with the search terms and combinations as follows "ceftriaxone", "cholelithiasis", "biliary sludge" "gallstones" "neonates" "children" "clinical aspects" "management". Several case reports, case series and prospective/retrospective studies have documented a relationship between ceftriaxone treatment and biliary pseudolithiasis in the paediatric population, even though literature data regarding neonates and infants are scarce. Ceftriaxone-associated biliary pseudolithiasis is dose-dependent and usually asymptomatic but, sometimes, it may present with abdominal pain, nausea and emesis. Abdominal ultrasonography should be performed when this complication is suspected. Generally, ceftriaxone-associated cholelithiasis resolves over a variable period of time (days to months) after cessation of therapy. Therefore, a conservative approach to this condition is advocated, but a prolonged follow-up may be necessary. A personalized assessment of factors predisposing to ceftriaxone-associated biliary pseudolithiasis before prescribing the drug can allow to minimize the risk of developing it, with significant advantages in terms of human and economic costs.Health policy is an important component of prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and promotion of health in childhood and adolescence, when major health behaviours are formed. Development of CVD-related health policy begins with continuous systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data to establish the baseline prevalence of CV risk factors and behaviours. These findings allow identification of problems, initiation of focused research, and development of evidence-based interventions. Ultimately, these results inform development and implementation of population-level policies. This review focuses on CVD health-promotion policies in North American youth, for whom health surveillance is an ongoing part of public health policy, providing direct, objective, measurements of growth, lipids, blood pressure, physical activity and tobacco exposure for development of CV health research and policy. When national surveillance data identified significant risk of CVD in youth in the 1970s, major pediatric epidemiologic studies established the strong association between these risk factors and behaviours in childhood and the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. This knowledge promoted development of the targeted public policies, which are reviewed in this paper. Public policy can directly and positively address cardiovascular health promotion in youth; the effective approach to smoking cessation exemplifies this. For more complex risk factors and behaviours, health policy can be a significant element in a comprehensive CV health promotion program.