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of bromine ions and their associated vacancies in the HP layer. We believe that this work will offer a new context to understand the intrinsic characteristics of HPs for RS applications at low voltage and validate their potential in the design of next-generation stable and nonvolatile memory devices for future flexible electronic systems.Copper(I) complexes with the macrocyclic thioether ligands 1,4,8,11-tetrathiacyclotetradecane (tetrathiacyclam, 14-S4) and 1,8-dithia-4,11-diazacyclotetradecane (dithiacyclam, 14-N2S2) were synthesised and structurally characterised. While the copper(I) complexes showed no reactivity towards dioxygen, the formation of "dioxygen adduct complexes" could be spectroscopically detected with ozone using low temperature stopped-flow techniques. Furthermore, it was possible to synthesise and characterise iron(II) and cobalt(II) complexes with the tetrathiacyclam ligand. No "dioxygen adduct" intermediates were observed when these complexes were reacted with dioxygen or ozone. Depending on the reaction conditions, the coordination of the metal ions could be controlled (endo- vs. exo-coordination and cis- vs. trans-coordination) and in addition to mononuclear complexes, also coordination polymers were obtained.Based on density functional theory and following first-principles methods, this paper investigated the electronic structures, densities of states, effective masses of electrons and holes, and optical properties of CsGeX3 (X = I, Br or Cl) perovskites under triaxial strains of -4% to 4%. The calculated results show that the tuning range of the bandgaps of the CsGeI3, CsGeBr3, and CsGeCl3 perovskites are 1.16 eV, 1.64 eV, and 1.63 eV, respectively. This result shows that the bandgap of the CsGeX3 perovskite is tuned over the entire visible spectrum by applying strain. Also, it is found that the change of the bandgap is caused by the change of the Ge-X long bond. Besides, the optimal bandgaps of CsGeI3 and CsGeBr3 can be achieved by applying compressive strains, providing theoretical support for adjusting the bandgaps of CsGeX3 perovskites. The effective masses of electrons and holes of CsGeX3 perovskites decrease gradually with the strains changing from 4% to -4%, which is conducive to the transmission of electrons and holes. In addition, the optical properties of CsGeX3 perovskites change from redshifted to blueshifted under different strains.Methanotrophic bacteria utilize methane monooxygenase (MMO) to carry out the first step in metabolizing methane. The soluble enzymes employ a hydroxylase component (sMMOH) with a nonheme diiron active site that activates O2 and generates a powerful oxidant capable of converting methane to methanol. It is proposed that the diiron(II) center in the reduced enzyme reacts with O2 to generate a diferric-peroxo intermediate called P that then undergoes O-O cleavage to convert into a diiron(IV) derivative called Q, which carries out methane hydroxylation. Most (but not all) of the spectroscopic data of Q accumulated by various groups to date favor the presence of an FeIV2(μ-O)2 unit with a diamond core. The Que lab has had a long-term interest in making synthetic analogs of iron enzyme intermediates. To this end, the first crystal structure of a complex with a FeIIIFeIV(μ-O)2 diamond core was reported in 1999, which exhibited an Fe⋯Fe distance of 2.683(1) Å. Now more than 20 years later, a complex with an FeIV2(μ-O)2 diamond core has been synthesized in sufficient purity to allow diffraction-quality crystals to be grown. Its crystal structure has been solved, revealing an Fe⋯Fe distance of 2.711(4) Å for comparison with structural data for related complexes with lower iron oxidation states.A new fluoroaluminoborate, Pb2Al2B3O8F3, with a non-traditional chain, [B3O8]7-, was synthesized by high temperature reactions in closed systems for the first time. Different from the traditional [B3O8]7- ring [(3Δ + 2T)], the [B3O8]7- in Pb2Al2B3O8F3 is chain-like [(32Δ + T)]. In the structure, the chain-like [B3O8]7- group bonds with [AlO4F2]7- polyhedra to form the [AlB3O10F2]8- cluster, and the cluster further interconnects to form a three-dimensional framework. VX-561 concentration The effect of cations on B-O configuration was explored by analyzing available aluminum borates to provide a useful reference for the synthesis of new aluminoborate or fluoroaluminoborate. In addition, first-principles calculations were performed to investigate the relationship between the crystal structure and the optical properties.Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have accumulated in polar environments as a result of long-range transport from urban/industrial and agricultural source regions in the mid-latitudes. Climate change has been recognized as a factor capable of influencing POP levels and trends in the Arctic, but little empirical data have been available previously. A growing number of recent studies have now addressed the consequences of climate change for the fate of Arctic contaminants, as reviewed and assessed by the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP). For example, correlations between POP temporal trends in air or biota and climate indices, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation Index, have been found. Besides the climate indices, temperature, precipitation and sea-ice were identified as important climate parameters influencing POP levels in the Arctic environment. However, the physical changes are interlinked with complex ecological changes, including new species habitats and predator/prey relationships, resulting in a vast diversity of processes directly or indirectly affecting levels and trends of POPs. The reviews in this themed issue illustrate that the complexity of physical, chemical, and biological processes, and the rapid developments with regard to both climate change and chemical contamination, require greater interdisciplinary scientific exchange and collaboration. While some climate and biological parameters have been linked to POP levels in the Arctic, mechanisms underlying these correlations are usually not understood and need more work. Going forward there is a need for a stronger collaborative approach to understanding these processes due to high uncertainties and the incremental process of increasing knowledge of these chemicals. There is also a need to support and encourage community-based studies and the co-production of knowledge, including the utilization of Indigenous Knowledge, for interpreting trends of POPs in light of climate change.This research used a multi-method approach to analyse the influence of different moisture levels (low, medium and high) on the structural and functional properties of cellulose with cell wall materials such as pectin, lignin, and hemicellulose present in citrus fibres. The influence of the drying and purification processes and the source of the citrus fibres on these interactions were also considered. A fluidized bed dryer results in a higher aggregation of cellulose fibres, which limits their interactions with water, pectin, lignin, and hemicellulose. Citrus fibre suspension produce by a alcohol washing in combination with a centrifugal drying process showed higher storage modulus (G'), loss modulus (G) and water retention capacity. The compositions of the citrus fibres and the type of hydrogen bonding (analysed by FTIR) play a key role in generating stable rheological and thermal properties as well as controlling the moisture sorption behaviour of the citrus fibres.The stability of a photoactivated isonitrosyl state was boosted by confining a pre-designed bicarboxylate ligand with a ruthenium nitrosyl fragment in a 2D metal-organic framework. The novel Zn/Ru-based MOF, Zn[RuNO(H2O)(inic)2(OH)2]2·12H2O (inic = isonicotinate), was obtained with enhanced isonitrosyl stability by 30 K (up to 200 K) compared to the related ruthenium-only complex.Nonalcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) is a pathological condition characterized by excessive fat deposition in the liver, and NAFLD usually has a close relationship with obesity or metabolic syndrome. Currently, oxidative stress is considered as an important risk factor in the progression of NAFLD, therefore, effective amelioration of oxidative stress has emerged as a promising way to improve NAFLD. Tangeretin is a natural compound having various pharmacological activities including antioxidation and hepatoprotection. However, whether tangeretin is able to improve NAFLD through reducing hepatic oxidative stress is rarely reported. In our work, the preventive effects of tangeretin on a NAFLD mouse model induced by a high fat (HF) diet were studied. The results exhibited that tangeretin supplementation observably slowed down NAFLD progression through alleviation of metabolic indexes such as glucose tolerance, serum lipid levels and inflammatory factors, hepatic oxidative stress as well as steatosis. qRT-PCR showed that tangeretin supplementation increased the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression and then upregulated the expression of its downstream factors including HO-1, GCLC, NQO1 and GSTA2. Furthermore, the expression of the hepatic nucleus, Nrf2, HO-1 and GCLC, was also seen to be significantly enhanced in WB analysis. Taken together, this study implies that tangeretin might alleviate NAFLD through lowering oxidative stress in the liver by partial modulation of the Nrf2 pathway. Our study provided theoretical support that tangeretin could be used as a dietary therapy for obesity related-NAFLD or related metabolic syndrome.Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) are key anthropogenic pollutants and often dominate the volatile organic compound emissions and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation especially in the urban atmosphere. To evaluate the environmental impacts of SOA formed from the oxidation of MAHs (aromatic SOA), it is of great importance to elucidate their chemical composition, formation mechanism, and physicochemical properties under various atmospheric conditions. Here we seek to compile a common framework for the current studies on aromatic SOA formation and summarize the knowledge on what has been primarily learned from laboratory studies. This review begins with a brief summary of MAHs' emission characteristics, followed by an overview of atmospheric degradation mechanisms for MAHs as well as gas- and particle-phase reactions involving aromatic SOA formation. SOA formation processes highlighted in this review are complex and depend highly on environmental conditions, posing a substantial challenge for theoretical description of aromatic SOA formation. Therefore, the following issues are further discussed in detail the response of gas-phase chemistry and aromatic SOA mass yield as well as composition to NOx levels, particle-phase reactions and molecular characterization of aromatic SOA in the presence of acidic sulfate, and physicochemical processes of SOA formation involving gas- or particle-phase water. Building on this current understanding, available experimental studies on the effects of environmental conditions were explored. A brief description of the atmospheric importance of aromatic SOA including their optical properties and health influences is also presented. Finally, we highlight the current challenges in laboratory studies and outline directions for future aromatic SOA research.