Munkkern7744

In most cases, traditional techniques to perform an anastomosis following gastrointestinal resections lead to successful healing. However, despite focused research in the field,in certain high-risk situations leakage rates remain almost unchanged. Here, additional techniques may help the surgeon to protect the anastomosis and prevent leakage. We give an overview of some of the latest developments on experimental and clinical techniques for induction of anastomotic healing.

We performed a review of the current literature on approaches to improve anastomotic healing.

Many promising approaches with a high clinical potential are in the developmental pipeline. Highly experimental approaches like inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases, stem cell therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, induction of the hypoxic adaptive response, and the administration of growth factors are still in the preclinical phase. Other more clinical developments aim to strengthen the anastomotic suture line mechanically while shielding itport them according to their potential deficits is currently in development.

To describe various clinical features of idiopathic juxtafoveal retinal telangiectasis group 2A or idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel) on multicolor imaging (MCI) and compare imaging findings of MacTel on MCI with fundus autofluorescence (FAF).

Patients with a clinical diagnosis of MacTel based on Gass and Blodi's classification were included. FAF and MCI images were graded qualitatively for stage of disease, margins of involvement, hyperautofluorescence on FAF (corresponding retinal atrophy on MCI), and detection of crystals. FAF and MCI were graded quantitatively for the area and number of quadrants involved, hypoautofluorescene on FAF (corresponding intraretinal pigment hyperplasia or retinal pigment epithelium [RPE] atrophy on MCI), and foci of right-angled venules.

Seventy-eight eyes of forty five patients were included with both imaging modalities showing no difference with respect tostaging of non-proliferative MacTel. Retinal crystals were recognized on MCI but not on FAF. Upadacitinib cell line Neurosenional imaging features makes MCI a valuable tool in MacTel.

To determine the prevalence and demographic characteristics of myopia among patients presenting to the national vitreo-retinal (VR) services in Bhutan.

The records of the VR clinic at the apex national referral centre, providing the only VR services in the country, were reviewed to identify all new myopia patients over three years. Thus, we surveyed all referrals nationally. The patients were categorised into urban and rural females and males. We assessed myopia prevalence in each group by occupational and educational categories. We examined univariate prevalence data and a multivariate logistic regression (MLR) identified independent factors.

Of 2913 cases 1544 (53.0%) were males. Females presented earlier (mean ±SD) overall 45.7 ± 21.9 cf. 48.6 ± 21.6 years, p = 0.003, and among myopes 23.9 ± 13.5 cf. 27.6 ± 18.6 years, p = 0.032. Myopia constituted 92.1% of refractive error, an overall prevalence of 12.3%. Myopia was more common among females (p = 0.01) and urbanites (p = 0.02). Myopia prevalence was highest among urban females (20.9%), followed by urban males (11.9%), rural females (6.8%), and rural males (5.2%). Logistic regression revealed that the odds of having myopia were increased by being a student (4.96 ×) or professional (1.96 ×), and decreased by rural living (1.75 ×), all p ≤ 0.038.

This is the first study on myopia in Bhutan. As observed throughout East and Southeast Asia, the prevalence of myopia was higher in females and urbanites and positively associated with formal education. Given known risk factors, these prevalences may be driven by educational pressures and reduced time spent outdoors.

This is the first study on myopia in Bhutan. As observed throughout East and Southeast Asia, the prevalence of myopia was higher in females and urbanites and positively associated with formal education. Given known risk factors, these prevalences may be driven by educational pressures and reduced time spent outdoors.

To study the complications and surgical outcomes of cataract surgery in patients of persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) with cataract.

In this prospective study, phacoaspiration with/without intraocular lens implantation (IOL) was done in 20 children (mean age 14.2 months) with unilateral cataract with anterior (n = 6) or combined (n = 14) PFV. The rentrolental vascularized membrane was cauterized and dissected circumferentially, followed by cauterization and resection of the PFV stalk. The outcome measures included fixation preference using the CSM (central, steady, maintained) method and intraoperative and postoperative complications in an 18-month follow-up. The difference in outcomes of anterior and combined PFV, as well as aphakic and pseudophakic eyes, was studied.

CSM fixation was seen in 16 patients after 18 months. The intraocular lens was implanted in 16 eyes and 4 eyes with combined PFV were left aphakic. None of our patients had intraoperative bleeding. Visual axis obscuration was the major complication seen, requiring membranectomy in 8 children. Pupilloplasty was required with membranectomy in one eye. link2 None of our patients developed glaucoma or retinal detachment.

Timely surgical intervention and aggressive amblyopia therapy led to good visual results in our study. Poor prognosis was seen in combined PFV, aphakia, and microphthalmia.

Timely surgical intervention and aggressive amblyopia therapy led to good visual results in our study. Poor prognosis was seen in combined PFV, aphakia, and microphthalmia.

Evaluating the passive duction force of the extraocular muscles is important for the diagnosis of and surgical planning for strabismus. This is especially relevant in patients with an observable limitation of duction movement. The purpose of this study was to validate passive duction forces in healthy subjects using a novel instrument.

An instrument for making continuous quantitative measurements of passive duction forces was designed. Tension was measured as the eyeball was rotated horizontally or vertically from the resting position under general anesthesia 10 mm (50°) away from the direction of force to be tested (opposite side).

Seventy eyes of 35 subjects were enrolled in this study (age range of 4-80 years and mean age of 36.3 years). The passive duction force was measured at 49.0 ± 15.3 g (mean ± standard deviation) for medial rotation, 44.8 ± 13.2 g for lateral rotation, 50.5 ± 14.8 g for superior rotation, and 53.5 ± 13.8 g for inferior rotation. The passive duction forces were similar for all gaze positions, but it was larger for inferior rotation than for lateral rotation (P = 0.009). The passive duction force was significantly larger for vertical rotation (51.9 ± 14.4 g) than for horizontal rotation (46.9 ± 14.4 g) (P = 0.006). The passive duction force did not differ significantly with sex (P = 0.355), side (P = 0.087), or age (P = 0.872).

These measurements of passive duction forces in a healthy population provide valuable information for diagnosing specific strabismic problems and could be useful for increasing the precision of strabismus surgery. Graphical abstract.

These measurements of passive duction forces in a healthy population provide valuable information for diagnosing specific strabismic problems and could be useful for increasing the precision of strabismus surgery. Graphical abstract.

The effect of duration of optotype presentation on visual acuity measures has been extensively studied under photopic conditions. However, systematic data on duration dependence of acuity values under mesopic and scotopic conditions is scarce, despite being highly relevant for many visual tasks including night driving, and for clinical diagnostic applications. The present study aims to address this void.

We measured Landolt C acuity under photopic (90cd/m

), mesopic (0.7cd/m

), and scotopic (0.009cd/m

) conditions for several optotype presentation durations ranging from 0.1 to 10s using the Freiburg Acuity and Contrast Test. link3 Two age groups were tested (young, 18-29years, and older, 61-74years).

As expected, under all luminance conditions, better acuity values were found for longer presentation durations. Photopic acuity in young participants decreased by about 0.25 log units from 0.1 to 10s; mesopic vision mimicked the photopic visual behavior. Scotopic acuities depended more strongly on presentationopic vision, with considerable interindividual variability. The latter may reflect differences in aging and sub-clinical pathophysiological processes and might have consequences for visual performance during nocturnal activities such as driving at night. Acuity testing with briefly presented scotopic stimuli might increase the usefulness of acuity assessment for tracking of the health state of the visual system.

Hormone receptor (HR) positive breast cancer has a high propensity for late recurrences that might be prevented with longer durations of endocrine therapy (ET). However, trials evaluating extended adjuvant ET have produced somewhat conflicting results. Additionally, ET is associated with not only day to day side effects that can impact quality of life, but more detrimental effects that can cause significant morbidity. Although patients with higher stage disease are at greater risk of late recurrences, even patients with stage 1 disease have a significant risk of recurrence after 5years. Current guidelines recommend extending therapy for patients with node-positive disease, but recommendations for patients with node-negative disease are less clear. This has led to the development of various genomic tests to aid oncologists in further individualizing their approach when it comes to deciding which subpopulation of patients with HR-positive breast cancer may benefit from extending their endocrine therapy beyondtely, genomic testing should help facilitate shared decision making between the patient and oncologist.The dental pulp, a non-mineralized connective tissue uniquely encased within the cavity of the tooth, provides a niche for diverse arrays of dental mesenchymal stem cells. Stem cells in the dental pulp, including dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) and stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs), have been isolated from human tissues with an emphasis on their potential application to regenerative therapies. Recent studies utilizing mouse genetic models shed light on the identities of these mesenchymal progenitor cells derived from neural crest cells (NCCs) in their native conditions, particularly regarding how they contribute to homeostasis and repair of the dental tissue. The current concept is that at least two distinct niches for stem cells exist in the dental pulp, e.g., the perivascular niche and the perineural niche. The precise identities of these stem cells and their niches are now beginning to be unraveled thanks to sophisticated mouse genetic models, which lead to better understanding of the fundamental properties of stem cells in the dental pulp and the apical papilla in humans. The new knowledge will be highly instrumental for developing more effective stem cell-based regenerative therapies to repair teeth in the future.